• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2011

According to the standards for district heating substation established by Korea District Heating Corporation, water heating supply systems at over 150 Mcal/h capacity must employ the 2-stage heat exchanger that improves the system efficiency by reusing the heat included in the return water of district heating system already used for space heating. In this paper, the operating characteristics of the system in accordance with the load distribution of two heat exchangers for pre-heating and re-heating cold city water are investigated. The results including mass flow rate, return temperature etc. help to manage district heating system economically.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.726-733
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기존 데이터센터 서버실에서 공기분배시스템으로 파티션 시스템의 적용성을 평가하기 위해 기존 시스템 그리고 파티션의 설치 높이와 위치를 변수로 하는 파티션 시스템과 컨테인먼트 시스템에 대해 총 21가지 경우의 컴퓨터시뮬레이션을 실시하고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 공기온도 및 기류 분포 해석결과를 이용하여 평가해 본 공기분배시스템별 냉방 에너지 절감 성능은 컨테인먼트 시스템, 파티션 시스템, 기존 시스템 순서로 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 시스템과 파티션 설치높이 0.1~0.7m까지의 파티션 시스템은 재순환 공기에 의해 냉복도에서 1.0~1.2m 높이를 기점으로 공기 온도가 급격히 상승하면서 중간 높이의 서버와 상부 서버의 인입구 온도차는 $11{\sim}15^{\circ}C$로 큰 차이를 보여, 재순환 공기가 상부 서버의 과열의 원인을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 파티션 시스템에서 냉복도 상부에 파티션을 설치할 경우에 파티션의 적정 높이는 서버 랙 상부에서 천장까지 높이의 90%(0.9m)이상, 열복도 상부에 파티션을 설치하는 경우는 파티션 높이가 80%(0.8m)이상은 되어야 재순환 공기를 충분히 차단하여 서버 인입구 공기온도가 RCI 권장온도 범위를 만족하는 냉방 에너지 절감효과를 볼 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.385-397
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• 1982

The climatic impacts have been the environmental constraints with soil characteristics to achieve self sufficiency of food production in Korea. In this paper, the distribution and appearance of impacts and the changes in climatological status due to recent trend of early transplanting of rice are widely discussed to derive some countermeasures against the impacts, being focussed on cultural A long term analysis of the climatic impact appearances of the last 74 years showed that drought, strong wind, flood, cold spell and frost were the major impacts. Before 1970's, the drought damage was the greatest among the climatic impacts; however, the expansion and improvement of irrigation and drainage system markedly decreased the damage of drought and heavy rain. The appearance of cold damage became more frequent than before due to introduction of early transplanting for more thermophilic new varieties. Tongillines which were from Indica and Japonica crosses throw more attention to cold damage for high yields to secure high temperature in heading and ripening stages and lead weakness to cold and drought damage in early growth stage after transplanting. The plants became subject to heavy rain in ripening stage also. For the countermeasures against cold damage, the rational distribution of adequate varieties according to the regional climatic conditions and planting schedule should be imposed on the cultivation. A detoured water way to increase water temperature might be suggestable in the early growth stage. Heavy application of phosphate to boost rooting and tillering also would be a nutritional control method. In the heading and ripening stages, foliar application of phosphate and additional fertilization of silicate might be considerable way of nutritional control. Since the amount of solar radiation and air temperature in dry years were high, healthy plants for high yield could be obtained; therefere, the expansion of irrigation system and development of subsurface water should be performed as one of the national development projects. To minimize the damage of strong wind and rainfall, the rational distribution of varieties with different growing periods in the area where the damage occurred habitualy should be considered with installation of wind breaks. Not only vertical windbreaks but also a horizontal wind break using a net might be a possible way to decrease the white heads in rice field by dry wind. Finally, to establish the integrated countermeasures against the climatic impacts, the detailed interpretation on the regional climatic conditions should be conducted to understand distribution and frequency of the impacts. The expansion of observation net work for agricultural meteorology and development of analysis techniques for meteorological data must be conducted in future together with the development of the new cultural techniques.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2003

The present study has been conducted for manufacturing MPCM (microencapsulated phase change material) slurry with in-situ polymerization and proving their applicabilities for tooling system. The surface of MPCM is composed of melamine, while tetradecane, paraffin wax, is centered in the MPCM. The produced capsules are observed by the optical microscope and SEM for superficial shapes. Their thermal properties are measured by DSC. Their size distributions are observed by FA particle analyzer. A narrow size distribution from 1 to 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of average diameter was observed. Melting temperature was 6.7$^{\circ}C$. The durability of MPCM was tested with various types of pump such as centrifugal, peristaltic, and mono pumps. During 10000 cycles the fraction of broken capsules was smaller than 6% for the centrifugal and peristaltic pumps, while bigger value of 8% for the mono pump. A cooling system, which adopted MPCM slurry as a media for transporting cold thermal energy, was designed to investigate the performance of the MPCM. The discharging times of 10 and 20 wt% MPCM slurry were lasted up to 105 and 285 minutes longer, respectively, than the water cooling system.

• Architectural research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Condensation has mainly occurred in corridor type apartment door which is exposed to the outside air and is made of steel, which has high thermal conductivity. As a result, the total costs of repair have increased with the number of disputes with residents. In this study, therefore, we investigate materials and construction methods used in apartment door, perform a computer simulation to find out possible improvements, and then suggest the dew point to prevent the occurrence of condensation throughout simulation. The results indicate that the temperature that condensation does not occur is $15.4^{\circ}C$, and the optimum method of achieving this dew point is shown to be a door frame system including a large vertical slot to decrease the area of thermal conduction between the outer and inner portions of the door frame. Mock-up tests show that the surface temperature of the door frame was higher than the dew point, and the system can withstand severe cold conditions of $-20^{\circ}C$. In application test, the surface temperature of door frame with vertical slots is $5.9^{\circ}C$in average, which is higher than the existing door frame. Furthermore, in the temperature distribution of the surrounding door measured with infrared ray camera, the existing door shows the high temperature distribution indicating lack of insulation, but the improved door shows the low temperature distribution indicating higher insulation.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2018

최근 정부의 미래에너지변환 정책에 따라 천연가스를 활용한 분산발전 시장은 점차 확대될 것으로 예상된다. 분산발전은 전력 수요지 주위의 소규모 발전원을 활용하는 발전방식으로 송배전 인프라 구축 비용과 운용비용, 전력손실을 줄일수 있는 장점이 있다. 천연가스를 이용한 분산발전의 대표적인 예로 Trigeneration System이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Trigeneration System에서 발생되는 냉열 및 엔진 배열을 이용하여 공조대상 실내의 습공기를 제습/냉방/난방 하는 제습공조시스템의 성능 분석에 대한 기초 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 제습공조시스템 입출구 온도차가 커질수록 시스템 효율은 높아지고 일반공조시스템 대비 에너지 소비량이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

중앙코어형 80층 초고층건물에서 평상시 동절기 연돌효과에 따른 최대차압은 약 75Pa로 외부 풍속이 없을 시에는 별 문제가 되지 않았으며, 화재로 계단실 단독 급기가압 시에는 급기가압 팬의 위치에 따라 급기 초기에 최대 약 225pa의 차압이 발생할 수 있으며 이를 해소하기 위한 적절한 과압배출장치나 대책이 필요하였다. 급기 송풍기의 위치에 따른 단독하부급기 방식이 최대차압의 크기와 분포 특성 및 최소설계차압 유지를 위한 소요풍량 면에서 가장 유리하였으며, 단독 상부급기방식은 소요급기풍량이나 차압분포 특성을 고려할 때 우리나라 특성에는 가장 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 차가운 외기 급기로 인해 계단실의 온도가 점차 하강하게 되면 계단실 연돌효과의 감소로 인해 소요풍량이 줄어들었으며 고층부에서의 차압은 줄어드는 반면 저층부에서의 차압이 크게 증가하는 양상으로 변화하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.641-646
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to improve the cooling performance of single and cascade refrigeration systems using thermoelectric modules. The system consists of a heat sink, fan, and thermoelectric module. The operating parameters considered in this study include power distribution between the first- and second-stage thermoelectric modules, air flow, and variable condensing unit. The cooling capacity increased with decreases in the temperature difference between hot and cold surfaces, but decreased with increases in the condensing temperature. The COP decreased with increasing electric power of the thermoelectric module because of the increased Joule heat. The cooling performance improvement using the thermoelectric module is represented by the freezer temperature.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.611-617
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• 2008

Nowadays Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) is widely used in different industries such as chemical, food and pharmaceutical process and refrigeration due to the efficient heat transfer performance, extreme compact design and efficient use of the construction material. In present study, discussed main conception of plate heat exchanger and applied in vacuum. PHE and aimed apply in the fresh water generator which installed in ship to desalinate seawater to fresh water use heat from engines. The experiment is proceeded to investigate the heat transfer between cold and hot fluid stream at different flow rate and supply temperature of hot fluid. Generated fresh water as outcome of the system. PHE is an important part of a condensing or evaporating system. One of common assumptions in basic heat exchanger design theory is that fluid is to be distributed uniformly at the inlet of each fluid side and throughout the core. However, in practice, flow mal-distribution is more common and can significantly reduce the heat exchanger performance. The flow and heat transfer are simulated by the k-$\varepsilon$ standard turbulence model. Moreover, the simulation contacted flow maldistribution in a PHE with 6 channels.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2001

It is reported that during the cold starting, especially in gasoline engine, the engine response and the effect of HC emission can be improved by prompting atomization and reducing the quantity of fuel adhered to the range of injector tip, inlet port, and inlet valve. The purposes of this study are to promote atomization of fuel before air-fuel mixture in the inlet port. In order to achieve its goal, the glow plug is to evaluate the feasibility of for the early fuel evaporator and the spray behavior characteristics of gasoline, injected on the surface of glow plug with room temperature(2$0^{\circ}C$) and high temperature(25$0^{\circ}C$) is to examine. Particle motion analysis system(PMAS) was used to measure the SMD and the dropsize distribution of impinging spray and free spray. The results of this experiment, evaporation rate of impinging spray was higher than that of free spray, and the higher evaporation rate win, the smaller peak dropsize was. Especially, during early spray SMD of impinging spray was still smaller than that of fee spray.