• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of simulating the mechanical properties of irradiatied austenitic stainless steels by cold-working. In this study, the tensile properties, cyclic hardening behaviors and fracture toughness of cold-worked TP316L stainless steel were compared with those of austenitic stainless steels irradiated by neutrons. It showed that cold-working can properly simulate the increase in strength and the decrease in ductility and fracture resistance of austenitic stainless steels by neutron irradiation, even though it could not perfectly simulate the microstructures of irradiated austenitic stainless steels. Also, cold-working can appropriately simulate the hardening behaviors of neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steels under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1149-1155
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• 2001

The experimental investigation on energy separation in a vortex tube has been carried out to sow the effect of inlet and outlet pressures with various working fluids(air,$O_2,\;and\; CO_2$). Those outlet pressure means cold outlet and hot outlet pressure which were set equally. The results showed that the total enthalpy variation became a maximum when the mass flow rate at the cold outlet was a half of the total mass flow rate in the vortex tube (y=0.5). The total enthalpy variation was quite affected by the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of vortex tube when the ratio of the inlet pressure to the cold outlet pressure remained constant. Although specific enthalpy differences between the inlet and the outlet (both cold and hot outlet) did not noticeably vary with the pressure difference, the specific enthalpy difference between the inlet and cold outlet was dominantly affected by physical properties of working gases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2020

This study presents cyclic stress-strain and tensile test results at room temperature (RT) and 316℃ using cold-worked TP304 stainless steel base and weld metals. By comparing the cyclic hardening/softening behavior and failure cycle of cold-worked materials with those of irradiated austenitic stainless steels, the feasibility of simulating the irradiation effect on cyclic deformation and failure behaviors of TP304 stainless steel base and weld metals was investigated. It was found that, in the absence of strain-induced martensite trasformation, cold-working could properly simulate the change in cyclic hardening/softening behavior of TP304 stainless steel base and weld metals due to neutron irradiation. It was also recognized that cold-working could adequately simulate the reduction in failure cycles of TP304 stainless steel base and weld metals due to neutron irradition in the low-cycle fatigue region.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

In this study, the performance characteristics of a welded plate heat exchanger was investigated experimentally. Performance tests were carried out according to the flow rate and inlet temperature of working fluid. As a result, the heat transfer capacity increased by 335.5 kW with an increasing the flow rate and temperature difference between hot and cold side. However, the overall heat transfer coefficient was increased with the increase of flow rate, and it was not effected significantly from inlet temperature difference between hot and cold working fluid. The pressure drop was increased by 55.78 kPa with an increasing the frow rate when the flow rate ratio between hot and cold side 1:1. However, the tendency of pressure drop was difference when flow rate ratio wasn't 1:1. In case that the flow rate ratio between hot and cold side was not 1:1, the pressure drop at the low flow rate side was higher than that when the flow rate ratio was 1:1, while pressure drop of the other side was decreased compared to that when the flow rate ratio was 1:1.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

An integral crank driven Stirling cryocooler is solidly based on concepts of direct IR detector mounting on the cryocooler's cold finger, and the integral construction of the cryocooler and Dewar envelope. Performance factors of the cryocooler depend on operating conditions of the cryocooler such as a cyclic mean pressure of the working fluid, a rotational speed of driving mechanism, a thermal environment, a targeted operation temperature and etc.. At given charging condition of helium gas, the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas in the cryocooler changes with temperatures of the cold end and the environment. In this study, effects of the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas on performances of the Stirling cryocooler were investigated by numerical analyses using the Sage software. The simulation model takes into account thermodynamic losses due to an inefficiency of regenerator, a pressure drop, a shuttle heat transfer and solid conductions. Simulations are performed for the performance variation according to the cyclic mean pressure induced by the temperature of the cold end and the environment. This paper presents P-V works in the compression and expansion space, cooling capacity, contribution of losses in the expansion space.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2005

In the present study, an EMC (Electromagnetic Casting) process, using a segmented Cu cold crucible under a high frequency alternating magnetic field of 20 kHz, was practiced for the fabrication of poly-crystalline Si ingot of 50 mm diameter. The effects of Joule heating and electromagnetic pressure in molten Si were systematically investigated with various processing parameters such as electric current and crucible configuration. A preliminary experimental work was initiated with the pure Al system for the establishment of a stabilized non-contact working condition, and further adapted to the semiconductor-off-grade Si system. A commercialized software such as Opera-3D was utilized in order to simulate electromagnetic pressure and Joule heating. In order to evaluate the meniscus shape of the molten melts, shape parameter was used throughout the research. A segmented graphite crucible, which was attached at the upper part of the cold crucible, was introduced to enhance significantly the heating efficiency of Si melt keeping non-contact condition during continuous melting and casting processes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

In this paper, an application example for fitness-for-service of material is shown. A kind of instrument valve is made of austenitic stainless steel fabricated by the cold working process. The tensile strength of the cold worked austenitic stainless steel has to be limited under 90 ksi to prevent the stress corrosion cracking in power plants. In industrial fields, tensile strengths of some materials were discovered to be over the regulation requirements in a certified material test report (CMTR). Owner's verification tests were performed to compare with that in a CMTR and to check the appropriateness. It is found that, in the case of verification test under the required test speed, valve materials could be used in the field. Although it is only one application sample of material check process in the power generation site, this case study could show an importance of basic experimental technology in academia and research circles.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.448-453
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• 2005

Temperature Control Valve (TCV) is one of the useful temperature control devices, which is used to control constant temperature of working fluid in power and chemical plants and domestic water supply systems. TCV is composed of body, cylinder and piston, and the body shape has a symmetrical H-type. In general, it has several inlet and outlet holes, and its shape is like as tubular sleeve. The piston has three rings two rings of the end of piston have the function of controlling inlet flow rate with hot and cold working fluids, the center ring has the function of preventing hot and cold water from intermixing. Consequently, the shapes of piston and cylinder are the main design parameters in the performance of TCV. In this study, numerical analyses were carried out with two different piston and cylinder shapes to investigate the functions as a temperature control valve and the flow characteristics according to piston opening grade in TCV. Using a commercial code, FLUENT, velocity and pressure fields in TCV are obtained under steady, standard $k -{\epsilon}$ turbulence model and no-slip condition.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2022

In this study, the exergy characteristics were analyzed, according to the mass flow rate of the propane working fluid and the pressure change in the turbine inlet, for the efficient recovery of cold energy and exhaust heat by the waste energy recovery system applied to the LNG FSRU regasification process. When the turbine inlet pressure and mass flow rate of the Primary Rankine Cycle were kept constant, the exergy efficiency and the net power increased. This occurred as the turbine inlet pressure and the mass flow rate of the working fluid increased in the Secondary Rankine Cycle, respectively, and the maximum values were confirmed. In this regard, the fluctuations in the exergy rate flowing into and out of the system and the exergy rate destroyed by pumps, evaporators, turbines, and LNG heat exchangers (condensers) were examined in detail.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2014

This paper presents thermodynamic performance analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using low temperature heat source in the form of sensible energy and using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as heat sink to recover the cryogenic energy of LNG. LNG is able to condense the working fluid at a very low condensing temperature in a heat exchanger, which leads to an increased power output. Based on the mathematical model, a parametric analysis is conducted to examine the effects of eight different working fluids, the turbine inlet pressure and the condensation temperature on the system performance. The results indicate that the thermodynamic performance of ORC such as net work production or thermal efficiency can be significantly improved by the LNG cold energy.