• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Objective I would like to identify when 'If the wind damage people, they feel aversion to wind. If the cold damage people, they feel aversion to cold.(傷風則惡風 傷寒則惡寒)' has appeared and what does this hypothesis have affected. I also researched future scholars' opinions and their criticism on this hypothesis. Methods: 1. Among the books which are related to Cold damage according to the age, books which have original text that has a relationship with this hypothesis were elected. Total of 30 books were elected, and their original text was extracted and analyzed. Results 1. This hypothesis appeared first on Hwalinseo(活人書) in the Song Dynasty, and had lots of impact on future generations. 2. After passing Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty, there were some opinions appeared which criticized part of this hypothesis. Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) also tried to correct this hypothesis. 3. Bang Yu-Jip(方有執) of Ming Dynasty straightly opposed this hypothesis on Sanghanronjobyeon(傷寒論條辨)for the first time. It had huge influence in the Qing Dynasty and lots of scholars suggested that this hypothesis lacks persuasion. 4. Just like Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis is not accepted in the books of modern ages. Conclusion This hypothesis appeared in the Song Dynasty for the first time and had lots of influence, but some counter arguments had appeared as time passed, and during Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis lost its creditibility with lots of criticism.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證), presented in Discourse on the Origin of Eastern Medicine (醫源論) of Longevity and Life Preservation in Eastern Medicine (Donguisusebowon, 東醫壽世保元). Method The process of development from Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) to Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑) was investigated. And the correlation between Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證) was considered. Results and Conclusions 1. The Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) in the chapter Heat Treatise (熱論篇) of Basic Questions (素問) had evolved into Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑) through Book for Life Saving (Huorenshu, 活人書), a work of Zhu Gong (朱肱), Six Books on Cold Damage disease (Shanghanliushu, 傷寒六書), a work of Tao Hua (陶華) and Introduction to Medicine (YixueRumen, 醫學入門), a work of Li Chan (李梴). 2. The correlation between the Cold-damage Six-meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯六經病證) and Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology (四象體質病證) can be analyzed and understood through Six Meridians Physical Symptoms and Medicines (六經形證用藥) in the chapter Cold(寒門) of the Treasure Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Donguibogam, 東醫寶鑑). 3. Greater Yang meridian disease of Qibo (岐伯) is related to Soyangin early stage of Lesser-Yang Wind-Injury symptomatology and Soyangin early stage of Chest-Heat symptomatology, Yang Brightness meridian disease and Greater Yin meridian disease to Taeeumin Liver-Heat symptomatology, Lesser Yin meridian disease to Soyangin Chest-Heat symptomatology, Lesser Yang meridian disease to Soyangin early stage of Lesser-Yang Wind-Injury symptomatology and Reverting Yin meridian disease to Soeumin Reverting Yin symptomatology of Greater Yang disease.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.363-380
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• 2018

Objectives : We analyzed the principle of compatibility of socheongnyong-tang and expanded the range of application in clinical practice. Methods : Socheongnyong-tang was analyzed by the compatibility principle through the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, but the basic formulas of "Discussion of Cold Damage" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" was used. Results : Socheongnyong-tang treats exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. Exterior wind-cold is treated mainly by exterior-releasing herbs constituting mahwang-tang and gyeji-tang in "Discussion of Cold Damage", and interior water accumulation is treated mainly by retained fluid-resolving herbs constituting yeonggamomigangsinha-tang, yeonggamomigagangsinbanhahaengin-tang and yeonggamomigagangsinbanhaengdaehwang-tang in "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". Depending on the weight of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation, the disease condition is classified as a case where exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, a case where exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, and a case where it is equivalent. When exterior wind-cold is heavier than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series and deputy herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is equal to the disease condition of interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Ephedrae Herba of exterior-releasing herbs series and Zingiberis Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series, and deputy herbs are Cinnamomi Ramulus of the exterior-releasing herbs series and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series. When exterior wind-cold is lighter than interior water accumulation, chief herbs are Zingiberis Rhizoma and Asari Radix et Rhizoma of retained fluid-resolving herbs series and deputy herbs are Ephedrae Herba and Cinnamomi Ramulus of exterior-releasing herbs series. In any case, assistant herbs are Pinelliae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix alba, and Schisandrae Fructus, and envoy herb is Glycyrrhizae Radix preparata. Conclusions : In conclusion, socheongnyong-tang must differently formulate the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy according to the grade of exterior wind-cold and interior water accumulation. These results suggest that socheongnyong-tang can be applied flexibly when applied in clinical practice to enhance the therapeutic effect.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.385-397
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• 1982

The climatic impacts have been the environmental constraints with soil characteristics to achieve self sufficiency of food production in Korea. In this paper, the distribution and appearance of impacts and the changes in climatological status due to recent trend of early transplanting of rice are widely discussed to derive some countermeasures against the impacts, being focussed on cultural A long term analysis of the climatic impact appearances of the last 74 years showed that drought, strong wind, flood, cold spell and frost were the major impacts. Before 1970's, the drought damage was the greatest among the climatic impacts; however, the expansion and improvement of irrigation and drainage system markedly decreased the damage of drought and heavy rain. The appearance of cold damage became more frequent than before due to introduction of early transplanting for more thermophilic new varieties. Tongillines which were from Indica and Japonica crosses throw more attention to cold damage for high yields to secure high temperature in heading and ripening stages and lead weakness to cold and drought damage in early growth stage after transplanting. The plants became subject to heavy rain in ripening stage also. For the countermeasures against cold damage, the rational distribution of adequate varieties according to the regional climatic conditions and planting schedule should be imposed on the cultivation. A detoured water way to increase water temperature might be suggestable in the early growth stage. Heavy application of phosphate to boost rooting and tillering also would be a nutritional control method. In the heading and ripening stages, foliar application of phosphate and additional fertilization of silicate might be considerable way of nutritional control. Since the amount of solar radiation and air temperature in dry years were high, healthy plants for high yield could be obtained; therefere, the expansion of irrigation system and development of subsurface water should be performed as one of the national development projects. To minimize the damage of strong wind and rainfall, the rational distribution of varieties with different growing periods in the area where the damage occurred habitualy should be considered with installation of wind breaks. Not only vertical windbreaks but also a horizontal wind break using a net might be a possible way to decrease the white heads in rice field by dry wind. Finally, to establish the integrated countermeasures against the climatic impacts, the detailed interpretation on the regional climatic conditions should be conducted to understand distribution and frequency of the impacts. The expansion of observation net work for agricultural meteorology and development of analysis techniques for meteorological data must be conducted in future together with the development of the new cultural techniques.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.237-259
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• 2014

Wind-induced failure around screwed connections has been documented in roof and wall cladding systems made with steel sheet cold-formed panels during high wind events. Previous research has found that low cycle fatigue caused by stress concentration and fluctuating wind loads is responsible for most such failures. A dynamic load protocol was employed in this work to represent fatigue under wind effects. A finite element model and fatigue criteria were implemented and compared with laboratory experiments in order to predict the fatigue failure associated with fluctuating wind loads. Results are used to develop an analytical model which can be employed for the fatigue analysis of steel cold-formed cladding systems. Existing three dimensional fatigue criteria are implemented and correlated with fatigue damage observed on steel claddings. Parametric studies are used to formulate suitable yet simple fatigue criteria. Fatigue failure is predicted in different configurations of loads, types of connections, and thicknesses of steel folded plate cladding. The analytical model, which correlated with experimental results reported in a companion paper, was validated for the fatigue life prediction and failure mechanism of different connection types and thicknesses of cold-formed steel cladding.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.55-78
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what the name and concept of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine were originated from, and to trace the origin and changes of categorization of it after the book. Methods : Books concerned with true-cold damage were collected as many as possible, besides ones that Introduction to Medicine referred to, before the name, concept and categorization of it were searched and analysed. Results : The concept of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine, which had come from Lei Zheong Huo Ren Shu(類證活人書) in Song dynasty, was more similar to one of cold damage in a broad sense. The name that Li Chan appreciated, was derived from not Shang Han Zhi Ge(傷寒直格), but Shang Han Zheng Zhi Ming Tiao(傷寒證治明條) in Song dynasty. On the other hand, since Tao Hua(陶華) began to go into the details of cold damage in a narrow sense, most books had followed it. Whereas 11 diseases among 24 diseases of true-cold damage in Introduction to Medicine indirectly came from Lei Zheong Huo Ren Shu(12 diseases), 14 diseases among them were directly derived from Shang Han Zheng Zhi Ming Tiao(16 diseases) and 10 diseases were added containing syndromes of retained fluid and jaundice. The categorization in Introduction to Medicine scarcely adopted except Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑) and Uimunbogam(醫門寶鑑), while the categorization of true-cold damage in a narrow sense was mostly composed of 2 diseases, that is cold damage(傷寒) and wind damage(傷風). Conclusions : Li Chan had fulfilled the total conditions in which the concept, cause, symptoms, prescriptions and prognosis of 24 diseases in true-cold damage were equipped, in order to build up the system and categorization of it. To our regret, his scientific outcome had been hardly referred after his book.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1990년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.66-67
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• 1990

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 1987

동해안 냉조풍지대의 풍해상습지에 대한 방풍망설치방법과 설치시기에 의한 풍해 경감 효과를 구명하고자 1983년부터 1985년까지 3개년간 경북영덕지방에서 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동해안 냉조풍지대의 1954년부터 1985년까지 32년 동안 강풍 발생빈도는 8월 10일부터 9월 10일 사이에 높아 이 지역의 수도 안전출수한계기는 8월 10일 이전 안전하다고 생각된다. 2. 이 지대에 주로 풍해를 유발시키는 바람은 태백산맥을 넘어오면서 휀(Fohn) 현상에 의한 고온건조한 편서풍과 해양에서 내륙으로 부는 한냉과습한 냉조풍이었으며 도작기간중 발생빈도가 각각 25 %였다. 3. 방풍망 설치에 따른 1차 효과는 감풍효과였으며 방풍망이 설치된 지점으로부터 1m에서는 23.9%, 10m에서는 35.8%, 20m에서는 26.9% 감풍효과가 있었으며 그 효과는 설치된 방풍망 높이의 10배 거리까지 있었다. 4. 방풍망 설치에 따른 2차 효과는 기온, 지온, 수온의 상승효과였으며 무방풍구에 비해 기온은 최고 0.7$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.4$^{\circ}C$, 평균 0.1$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었으며 수온은 최고 0.3$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.3$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었고 지온도 0.3$^{\circ}C$ 상승효과가 있었다. 5. 방풍망 설치에 따른 3차 효과는 생육촉진 감수경감, 품질향상의 효과가 있었으며 무방풍구에 비해 출수기가 2~5일 단축되었고 간장, 주당수수, 수당영화수, 임실율의 증가로 20~28% 증수효과가 있었으며 완전중의 비율도 높았다. 6. 벼알의 변색정도가 심할수록 등숙율과 정조 1,000 입중이 현저하게 떨어졌으며 그 감소정도와 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 7. 방풍망 설치방법별로는 한냉과습한 냉조풍과 고온건조한 편서풍을 모두 방풍할 수 있는 종합방풍시설이 가장 효과가 컸으며 방풍망 설치시기별로는 수잉기에 설치하는 것이 가장 효과가 컸다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.352-361
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• 1990

동해안 랭조풍지대의 풍해 대표지역인 경북 영덕지방에서 1986년부터 1989년가지 4개년간 방풍강의 강목에 다른 풍해 경감효과와 농가포장 설치효과를 종합하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동해안 랭조풍지대의 1979년부터 1989년까지 11년간 태풍에 의한 백수 피해의 발생빈도는 8월 10일부터 9월 10일 사이에 높아 이 지역의 수도 안전출수한계기는 8월 10일 이전이 안전하다고 생각된다. 2. 이 지대는 태풍 통과시 증발계수가 250이상으로 높아 백수피해 위험도가 높으며 풍해를 유발시키는 바람의 종류는 태백산맥을 넘어오면서 휀(Fohn) 현상에 의한 고온건조한 편서풍과 해양에서 내륙으로부터 한랭과습한 랭조풍이었으며 도작기간중 발생빈도는 각각 25, 20%였다. 3. 방풍강 설치에 의한 풍속 감속효과는 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며, 방풍강이 설치된 지점으로부터 1m 거리에서는 23%, 10m 거리에서는 34%, 20m 거리에서는 28%였으며 그 효과는 설치된 방풍강 높이의 10배까지 있었다. 4. 방풍강 설치에 의한 기상개선효과는 무방풍구에 비해 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며 기온은 최고 0.8$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.7$^{\circ}C$, 평균 0.6$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었고 수온은 최고 0.5$^{\circ}C$, 최저 0.6$^{\circ}C$, 평균 0.5$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었으며 지온도 0.4$^{\circ}C$ 상승되었다. 5. 방풍강에 의한 생육개선효과는 무방풍구에 비하여 방풍강의 강목이 좁을수록 컸으며 출수촉진, 개체군 생장속도 및 광이용율 증진, 간장신장, 주당수수, 수당영화수, 임실율, 천립중 등이 증가하여 방풍강의 강목(0.5$\times$0.5cm)에 따른 증수효과는 10%, 농가포장 설치효과는 15% 증수되었다. 6. 답면수온이 낮은 동해안 랭조풍지대에서는 주당묘수를 늘리는 것이 수수 확보에 유리하여 13% 증수효과가 있었으며 그 효과는 무방풍구에서 더욱 현저하였다. 7. 방풍강 설치에 의한 풍속 경감으로 동화기관의 고엽방지효과로 완전미의 비율이 높아 미질개선의 효과가 있었으며 벼알의 변색정도가 감소되었고 변색정도가 심할수록 증숙율과 천립중이 떨어졌으며 그 정도와 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 태풍 발생빈도가 높은 동해안 랭조풍지대에서는 품종과 이앙기를 조절하여 풍해를 회피하거나 방풍림이나 방풍강을 설치하여 풍해를 경감시키는 것이 수량 생산의 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.539-541
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• 2009

A severely cold weather condition of King Sejong Station, Antarctica becomes a very severe condition for an installation/operation of wind generation system. When the existing wind generation system works, it may cause a damage and destruction of wind generation system and can bring about big problems in terms of the power quality. Accordingly, it is essential to obtain technologies for the installation and operation of small wind generation system for the polar region's wind generation, and to assess and demonstrate the performance in the severely-cold environment and the polar wind generation system's development, supplementation, alteration. Also, as the available power of King Sejong Station, Antarctica, the diesel generator has been mainly used, and the wind generator has been used in the hybrid form. Wind generation and diesel generation has the different load following control each other. In the wind generation, the generated power very rapidly changes according to the change of the velocity of the wind. On the other hand, the diesel generation shows very gentle change in the velocity of output. Therefore, the study is intended to analyze the 10kw small wind generator-diesel generator's power quality of King Sejong Station, Antarctica, which is the hybrid system installation area.