• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2016

Objectives A stable follow-up participation rate is a very important factor for validity in a cohort study. This study analyzed the factors that affect the participation rate at one hospital-based birth cohort in South Korean. Methods The participants were recruited from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health study between 2006 and 2010. The analysis targeted 1751 mothers who participated in a birth cohort. We conducted analyses of general characteristics during pregnancy and those of infants at birth that affect the participation rate of the 6-month follow-up survey. Results The participation rate for the 6-month follow-up survey was 60.4%. The participation rate in the follow-up of the subsequent period decreased within a 5% to 10% range compared to the number of subjects. The participation rate of premature infants was 16.9% lower than that of a full-term infant (52.6% vs. 69.5%). Analysis showed a 16.7% difference between the participation rate of low-birthweight infants in follow-ups (53.7%) and the participation rate of infants with normal weight (70.4%). The participation rate of mothers who were employed during pregnancy was significantly lower for the 6-month follow-up compared to the participation rate of mothers who were unemployed during pregnancy. Conclusions In this study, factors such as premature birth, low-birthweight, and the employment status of the mother during pregnancy affected the participation rate of the follow-up survey for the birth cohort at six months. A specific strategy is needed to encourage survey participation for the high risk groups in the follow-ups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

The KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was launched in 2011 with the support of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The study was designed with the aim of exploring the various clinical features and characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Koreans, and elucidating the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes of CKD. For the cohort study, nephrologists at 9 tertiary university-affiliated hospitals participated in patient recruitment and follow-up. Biostatisticians and epidemiologists also participated in the basic design and structuring of the study. From 2011 until 2016, the KNOW-CKD Phase I recruited 2238 adult patients with CKD from stages G1 to G5, who were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The KNOW-CKD Phase II recruitment was started in 2019, with an enrollment target of 1500 subjects, focused on diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive kidney diseases in patients with reduced kidney function who are presumed to be at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. As of 2021, the KNOW-CKD investigators have published articles in the fields of socioeconomics, quality of life, nutrition, physical activity, renal progression, cardiovascular disease and outcomes, anemia, mineral bone disease, serum and urine biomarkers, and international and inter-ethnic comparisons. The KNOW-CKD researchers will elaborate a prediction model for various outcomes of CKD such as the development of end-stage kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.250-260
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• 2022

Evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs involves measuring learning processes as well as outcomes. It is essential to study cohorts of students and graduates to evaluate the long-term effects of educational programs with data generated both during education and after graduation. The purpose of this study was to establish cohorts of students and graduates to evaluate their performance, thereby providing a basis for evaluating the social accountability of medical education. In this study, student and graduate cohorts were built for both students currently enrolled and graduates at Inje University College of Medicine (IUCM). A model involving the process of cohort establishment and an evaluation indicator framework was developed. In the process of cohort establishment, the following steps were conducted: defining the goals and objectives of the student and graduate cohorts, organizing a cohort committee, developing regulations, registering cohorts, acquiring consent, and building a database. A framework of evaluation indicators according to the graduate roles of IUCM was developed by adapting Kirkpatrick's evaluation model. Next, items to be collected in student and graduate cohorts were selected, and the current status of existing data was analyzed. Moreover, a preliminary analysis was conducted, including analyses of the evaluation indicators and graduates' performance. This study suggests that it is necessary to include additional evaluation indicators considering students' learning environment and well-being in student cohorts and to develop strategies or methods for graduates to continue participating in data collection for a long-term study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4677-4681
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• 2012

Objective: Egg consumption has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal and some other cancers. The present study summarized and quantified the current evidence relating dietary intake of eggs and prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Literature searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to July 2012. Twenty manuscripts from nine cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were identified. Summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for case-control and cohort studies separately. Results: Neither the case-control not the cohort studies showed any association of prostate cancer incidence with egg consumption (case-control studies: odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.31; cohort studies: relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). The results were consistent in subgroup analysis. Furthermore, no association was observed between egg consumption and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: Our analyses provided no evidence of a significant influence of egg consumption on prostate cancer incidence and mortality. However, more studies, particularly large prospective studies, are needed.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.813-820
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• 2015

In recent years, there has been an argument that the academic performance of college students taught in English might be lower than those exposed in Korean under ceteris paribus environment. This paper examined the validity of this argument against the effectiveness of teaching-in-English, using student data from investment courses at a leading national university in Busan. Of a total of 165 students, 77 students took the teaching-in-Korean class (cohort A), whereas 88 students registered for the teaching-in-English class (cohort B). The findings did not support the popular argument. There was no significant difference in academic performance between student cohort A and student cohort B.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.117-134
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• 1994

대구직할시 남구 1 개동 주민을 대상으로 도시 지역의료보험 실시 전후(이하 실시 전후)의 의료 이용양상을 파악하기 위하여 실시 6개월 전인 1989년 1월에 1차조사를 하였고, 실시 1년 6개월 후인 1991년 1월에 2차조사를 하였다. 1차조사의 대상자는 1,230가구 4,939명이 었으나, 2차추적조사가 가능했던 인구는 519가구 2,277명 (추적률:46.1%)이었다. 2차조사까지 추적이 가능했던 2,277명 중 1차 조사시 보험에 가입되지 않았던 240가구 1,033명을 코호트 I군(이하 I군)으로 하였고, 1차조사시 보험에 가입되었던 279가구 1,244명을 코흐트 II군(이하 II군)으로 구분하여 조사자료를 분석하였다. 인구 1,000명당 급성이환으로 인한 의사방문율의 변화는 실시 후에 I군에서 16.5 증가한 반면, II에서는 2.4만 증가하였으며, 만성이환에서도 I군이 13.5 증가하였으나 II군은 7.2만 증가하였다. 이환 및 활동제한 의료필요 충족률도 I군에서 실시 후 뚜렷히 증가하였다. 월가구소득별 급성이환에 의한 의료필요충족률은 I군에서 40만원미만군이 1.6으로 $40{\sim}99$만원군의 4.0과 100만원이상군의 49.3에 비해 월등히 낮았다. 이러한 소견은 나머지 조사대상군과 만성이환에서도 동일하였다. 급성과 만성이환자의 병원이용 이유는 유용성, 의원의 경우는 지리적 접근성이 실시전후모두에서 가장 많았고 약국이용 이유 중 실시 전에는 접근성과 의료비지불성이 중요하였으나, 실시 후에는 의료비지불성의 중요성은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 최근 15일간 의사방문여부를 종속변수로한 multiple logistic regression analysis에서 급성이환(+), 만성이환(+) 그리고 월가구소득(+)이 실시전후 모두에서 유의한 변수였다. 실시 후 부과된 보험료에 대한 불만족률이 두군 모두 지역의료보험 가입자에서 각각 81.0%와 74.1%로 타 의료보험가입자에 비해 월등히 높았다. 실시 후 병원과 의원의 의료비와 서어비스에 불만족스럽다고 응답한 사람이 I군에 비해 II군에서 더 많았다. 이상의 소견으로 의료보험이 실시됨으로 미충족의료수요를 감소시키는 효과를 가져왔으나 실시 후에도 저소득층의 의료이용률이 고소득층에 비해 여전히 낮아 의료보험실시로 경제적 장애가 감소하였음에도 불구하고 본인부담금 등으로 인한 경제적 장애와 의료기관을 방문하는데 소요되는 시간, 대기시간 등 의료이용을 저해하는 요인이 남아있어 의료이용의 형평이 사회계층들간에 완전히 이루어지지는 않았다. 특히 만성이환의 경우, 불균형이 심하였다. 또한, 부과된보험료에 대한 불만족도가 높아 현행 보험료선정기준의 재평가 및 공정성을 향상시킬 필요성이 제기되었다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to systematically collect data for evaluating short- and long-term outcomes using Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model, Chonnam National Medical School has established plans for developing and managing a database of student and graduate cohorts. The Education Evaluation Committee, with assistance from the Medical Education Office, manages the development and maintenance of cohort data. Data collection began in the 2022 academic year with first- through fourth-year medical students and graduates of the year 2022. The collected data include sociodemographic characteristics, admission information, psychological test results, academic performance data, extracurricular activity data, scholarship records, national medical licensing exam results, and post-graduation career paths. The Education Evaluation Committee and the Medical Education Office analyze the annually updated student and graduate cohort data and report the results to the dean and relevant committees. These results are used for admissions processes, curriculum improvement, and the development of educational programs. Applicants interested in using the student and graduate cohort data to evaluate the curriculum or conduct academic research must undergo review by the Educational Evaluation Committee before being granted access to the data. It is expected that the collected data from student and graduate cohorts will provide a sound and scientific basis for evaluating short- and long-term achievements based on student, school, and other characteristics, thereby supporting medical education policies, innovation, and implementation.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2003

The relationship between fat intake and breast cancer has been debated for a long period of time. Animal, ecological, and case-control studies have supported that dietary fat increases breast cancer risk. However, cohort studies have not support any strong association between dietary fat intake and breast cancer risk. It has not been clear whether fat per se or some specific type of fat is responsible for the increased risk. Recently, a few cohort studies have found some positive association between specific types of fat intake, but not overall fat intake and breast cancer risk. In this review, the findings from previous studies will be summarized with advantages and disadvantages of different types of study design and recent findings will be introduced.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-58
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the job loss and job seeking experiences between middle-aged men and their younger cohort. Participants included 11 middle-aged unemployed men and nine younger unemployed men. The study adopted a phenomenological approach. In-depth individual interviews were carried out and the theme analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The results showed that the two cohorts experienced the macroeconomic crises, the foreign exchange crisis in 1997 and the global financial crisis in 2008, differently. Their experiences affected their attribution of the unemployment and job seeking process. They expressed ambivalence toward their family while dealing with social isolation from extrafamilial support. Most of the participants criticized government employment support policies and services.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1981

The objective of the study is to measure the changes in measles infection and measles vaccination rates for the past 10 years in a rural area, Kang Wha. The study population were the entire children who were born between 1971 and 1950 in three townships (Sunwon, Naegae, Buleun) in Kangwha County. Two interview surveys were carried out during the 10 years of period, one in 1977 and the other in 1981. The data were collected by Family Health Workers through interview with structured questionnaires. The diagnosis of measles was mainly based on histories, symptoms and sighs of the disease. If a mother had reported measles history of her child, a public physician reviewed and decided the final diagnosis of the reported case. A retrospective cohort observation was done in order to see the trends of measles infections and measles vaccinations. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 5 year prevalence rate of measles vaccinations was 51.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 71.9% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. The difference between two periods was statistically significant (P<0.05). The secular trend of measles vaccinations showed increasing tendency from 1971 to 1978 and since then kept maintained. 2. In the birth cohort analysis of measles vaccinations, the vaccination rates, in general, were higher in the later cohort groups than that of earlier cohort groups. 9. The 5-year experience rates for measles infections were 24.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 17.2% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. This difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The secular trend of experience rates for measles infections showed decreasing tendency from 1971 to 1980 except an outbreak in 1976. 4. The birth cohort analysis of experience rates for measles infections showed that the rate was higher in the later cohort groups than that of the earlier cohort groups. This decreasing tendency was prominent between $1973{\sim}1974$ and $1976{\sim}1977$. 5. The distribution of age specific incidence rates for measles infections showed unimodal curve with the peak at the age of 12 to 18 months. This findings were same in both two surveys. 6. Seasonal variations of the measles infections showed two peaks, one major peak in March through May and the another minor peak in September through December. 7. The 5-year reduction rate for measles infections among those vaccinated was 90.4% between 1971 and 1975 and 88% between 1976 and 1980.