• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 1999

With the increasing elderly population in Korea, dementia has become a mojor health problem in Korea. Several studies have been conducted on the association between dementia and dietary intake, especially vitamin E and vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation on the decrease in cognitive function induced by scopolamine(300mg/kg) in rats. Rats were divided into three groups : control, vitamin C, and vitamin E supplementation(2.4g Vit C or Vit E /100g diet) and fed the diets for 6 weeks. There were significant decreases in active avoidance response and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in the control group, but no significant differences were observed in the vitamin E and C groups after scopolamine treatment. Brain dopamine concentration of vitamin E and C groups was significantly higher than those of control group after scopolamine injection. The concentrations of brain norepinephrine also showed similar tendence, even though it was not statistically significant. These results indicate that vitamin E and vitamin C may protect against the cognitive function decrease induced by scopolamine. However, it is still unclear how vitamin E and C influence brain neurotransmitters and improve cognitive function. Further study is need to elucidate the role of vitamin E and C supplementation in the prevention of dementia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1222-1236
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of product recommendation services as an atmosphere for online mass customization shopping sites on consumers' cognitive and affective responses. We conducted a between-subject experimental study using a convenience sample of college students. A total of 196 participants provided usable responses for structural equation modeling analysis. The findings of the study support the S-O-R model for a product recommendation system as an element of the shopping environment with an influence on OMC product evaluations and arousal. The results showed that OMC product recommendation service positively affected cognitive and affective responses. The findings of the study suggest that OMC retailers might pay attention to the affective and cognitive responses of consumers through product recommendation services that can enhance product evaluations and OMC usage intentions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 2009

In this study, the influences of the context of discrepant events on the conceptual change process using cognitive conflict strategy were investigated in terms of students' cognitive and motivational variables such as cognitive conflict, situational interest, attention, effort, conceptual understanding. A preconception test was administered to 536 seventh graders. A test of response to a discrepant event and a situational interest questionnaire were then administered. The context of discrepant events, either scientific or everyday, was randomly presented to the subjects. After learning the concept of density, the tests of attention, effort, and conceptual understanding were administered. The reponses of 194 students who had been found to possess the target misconception were analyzed. The results revealed that the scientific-context discrepant event induced higher cognitive conflict than everyday-context one. The context of discrepant events, however, did not show significant correlations with situational interest, attention, effort, and/or conceptual understanding. The result of path analysis indicated that the context of discrepant events both directly influenced cognitive conflict and indirectly influenced conceptual understanding via cognitive conflict.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this study is to examine relationship between cognitive function and sasang constitution by analyzing EEG status of company workers in Cheon-An. Method : 59 company workers were tested with cognitive assessment EEG program and questionaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II. They were assorted by Sasang Constitutions, and we analyzed its correlation with cognitive assessment score and EEG data. Results : 1. According to mean active EEG rhythm of Alpha. H-Beta, Gamma wave, there were no significant difference among Sasang Constitution. 2. According to mean success, error, concentration, response, workload and left/right brain activity score, there were no significant difference among Sasang Constitution. 3. According to mean active EEG rhythm of Theta, SMR, M-Beta wave, Soyangin(少陽人)'s value was significantly higher than that of Taeumin(太陰人) 4. According to mean cognitive strenghth score, Soyangin(少陽人)'s value was significantly higher than that of Taeumin(太陰人). Conclusion : In conclusion, Sasang Constitutional difference has no relevance with cognitive abilities However, Soyangin(少陽人) showed higher mean active EEG rhythm of Theta, SMR, M-Beta wave than that of Taeumin(太陰人). In addition, Soyangin(少陽人) also showed higher mean cognitive strenghth score than that of Taeumin(太陰人).

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2009

We made Korean IAPS through measuring Korean university students' emotional response(arousal and emotional valence) about the whole 956 IAPS pictures made by Lang et al.(2005). In addition, we examined the emotional difference between American and Korean by comparing the response of original American IAPS and those of Korean IAPS. The results showed that both response of arousal and emotional valence in Korean were highly correlated with those in American respectively. In details, two groups showed differences as well as similarities. Korean showed higher arousal response than American, but in both groups women showed higher arousal response than men. When examining the emotional valence of positive, neutral, and negative stimuli categorized by American IAPS, Korean showed more modest emotional valence than American, and this group difference was the same in both men and women. In particular, Korean women showed more negative emotional valence than Korean men, but American women showed more extreme emotional valence than American men. These results suggest that there are some cultural and sex differences in the emotional response, and that researchers have to consider them when studying with IAPS stimuli.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.571-581
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• 2015

${\beta}$-asarone (BAS) is an active component of Acori graminei rhizoma, a traditional medicine used clinically in treating dementia and chronic stress in Korea. However, the cognitive effects of BAS and its mechanism of action have remained elusive. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BAS improved spatial cognitive impairment induced in rats following chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration. CORT administration (40 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days) resulted in cognitive impairment in the avoidance conditioning test (AAT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test that was reversed by BAS (200 mg/kg, i.p). Additionally, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis, the administration of BAS significantly alleviated memory-associated decreases in the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) proteins and mRNAs in the hippocampus. Also, BAS administration significantly restored the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNAs in the hippocampus. Thus, BAS may be an effective therapeutic for learning and memory disturbances, and its neuroprotective effect was mediated, in part, by normalizing the CORT response, resulting in regulation of BDNF and CREB functions and anti-apoptosis in rats.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.861-869
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• 2022

In patients with Tourette's syndrome, a tic occurs when Mu wave synchronization is broken. Conversely, when Mu wave synchronization is achieved, a tick does not occur. When the tic is suppressed, the cognitive control response process is changed, and if the neurofeedback training that adjusts the EEG frequency power is performed with the changed, the patient will be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic. The results of the research test suggest that if the tic patient does not artificially synchronize mu waves in the premotor cortex (Frontal Cortical 3 site), and if EEG control is performed autonomously like neurofeedback training, as a result, tics do not occur. Cognitive control response processes are altered when a subject is inhibited from tics. By training the altered cognitive control with neurofeedback that modulates EEG frequency power, the patient can be treated autonomously without artificially suppressing the tic.Mu-wave synchronizationcan now be added to existing neurofeedback treatment protocols such as SMR reinforcement, theta-beta-wave imbalance correction, and alpha-wave reinforcement. This study will be used in follow-up studies and clinical trials to more scientifically verify the neurofeedback treatment protocol, a treatment for patients with Tourette's syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

Purpose : This study is intended to examine the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function in the focal ischemic stroke rat model. Methods : This study selected 30 Sprague-Dawley rats of 8 weeks. The groups were divided into two groups and assigned 15 rats to each group. Control group: Non-treatment after injured by focal ischemic stroke; Experimental group: application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(0.1 Tesla, 25 Hz, 20 min/time, 2 times/day, 5 days/2 week) after injured by focal ischemic stroke. To assess the effect of rTMS, the passive avoidance test, spatial learning and memory ability test were analyzed at the pre, 1 day, $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day and immunohistochemistric response of BDNF were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus at $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. Results : In passive avoidance test, the outcome of experimental group was different significantly than the control group at the $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. In spatial learning and memory ability test, the outcome of experimental group was different significantly than the control group at the $7^{th}$ day, $14^{th}$ day. In immunohistochemistric response of BDNF in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, experimental groups was more increased than control group. Conclusion : These result suggest that improved cognitive function by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation after focal ischemic stroke is associated with dynamically altered expression of BDNF in hippocampal dentate gyrus and that is related with synaptic plasticity.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.38-55
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• 2005

Consumption has generally become more fragmented, hedonic and individual specific, satisfying not only functional but also emotional needs. In parallel, customer satisfaction is now thought to be both a cognitive and affective response, and the closely related concept of job satisfaction is commonly seen as an emotional reaction. The reasoning within quality management does, however, still lean heavily toward cognitive judgements (i.e. performance ratings), the emotional component clearly being under explored. Further, performance variables have shown not to be significant in predicting satisfaction for certain 'experience products', the effect fully mediated by emotions. As a consequence a cognitive judgement based quality concept has lost its ability to predict satisfaction, which clearly contradicts with the modem quality definition, stressing quality as the ability to satisfy the customer. Emotions have however entered the quality discourse and it has been proposed that having customers that are merely feeling satisfied will not suffice. Instead, there has been a plethora of executive exhortations in the trade press calling on business to 'delight the customer'. Strategies for doing so have however usually been imprecise and unclear, and the different drivers of delight and satisfaction are not well explored. This paper aims to complement the previous cognitive dominance by exploring the multiple emotional responses involved in customer satisfaction. A conclusion being that we currently are measuring something, in terms of satisfied, that is more or less independent of what we aim for, in terms of delight. It is also most likely that - depending on the situation, product, and person - other positive and negative emotions are more important outcomes of purchase and usage than merely satisfaction. It is questioned whether a single, summary response such as satisfaction is feasible or even desirable.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

Objectives : Increasing evidence supports the biological and pharmacological activities of essential oils on the central nervous system such as pain, anxiety, attention, arousal, relaxation, sedation and learning and memory. The purpose of present work is to investigate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of cypress essential oil (CEO) against scopolamine (SCO)-induced cognitive impairments in C57BL/6 mice. Methods : A series of behavior tests such as Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and fear conditioning tests were conducted to monitor learning and memory functions. Immunoblotting and RT-PCR were also performed in the hippocampal tissue to determine the underlying mechanism of CEO. Results : SCO induced cognitive impairments as assessed by decreased step-through latency in passive avoidance test, relatively low freezing time in fear conditioning test, and increased time spent to find the hidden platform in Morris water maze test. Conversely, CEO inhalation significantly reversed the SCO-induced cognitive impairments in C57BL/6 mice comparable to control levels. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of memory enhancing effect of CEO we have examined the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. CEO effectively elevated the protein as well as mRNA expression of BDNF via activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Conclusions : Our findings suggest that CEO inhalation effectively restored the SCO-impaired cognitive functions in C56BL/6 mice. This learning and memory enhancing effect of CEO was partly mediated by up-regulation of BDNF via activation of CREB.