• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.47-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedent factors to the piracy of the digital copyrights in order to provide basic data for piracy prevention policy. The findings of study revealed that most respondents had experiences to copy MP3 files illegally. And many respondents answered they didn't copy pirated material by themselves but others did piracy a lot. The feeling of quilt and anxiety against piracy is shown very low level. Low copy cost and regulation level significantly impact upon the cognitive level of other's piracy. Updated contents, the higher price of authenticated materal, piracy regulation are the significant antecedent factors to the level of piracy. The level of piracy activity and anxiety against piracy are significantly different by age. The cognitive level of other's piracy, piracy activity and anxiety are significantly different by gender.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.545-553
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• 2014

This paper proposes an algorithm to sense orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in cognitive radio (CR) systems. The basic idea behind this study is when a primary user is occupying a wireless channel, the covariance matrix is non-diagonal because of the time domain cross-correlation of the cyclic prefix (CP). In light of this property, a new decision metric that measures the power of the data found on two minor diagonals in the covariance matrix related to the CP is introduced. The impact of synchronization errors on the signal detection is analyzed. Besides this, a likelihood-ratio test is proposed according to the Neyman-Pearson criterion after deriving probability distribution functions of the decision metric under hypotheses of signal presence and absence. A threshold, subject to the requirement of probability of false alarm, is derived; also the probabilities of detection and false alarm are computed accordingly. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2010

OSA(Opportunistic Spectrum Access) allows secondary users not having a license for spectrum usage to opportunistically occupy an idle spectrum owned by a licensee named primary users. We propose two OSA schemes for un-slotted secondary users exploiting spectrum opportunities in un-slotted primary networks. We provide mathematical analysis and simulation results to reveal the impact of various system parameters.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.380-384
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• 2011

The chronic and acute effects of hyperglycemia affecting cognition and work are as important as those of hypoglycemia. Its impact, considering that majority of diabetic patients fail to reach therapeutic targets, would be potentially significant. Self monitoring of blood glucose, recognition of body cues and management interventions should be geared not only towards avoidance of disabling hypoglycemia, but also towards unwanted hyperglycemia. Over the long term, chronic hyperglycemia is a risk for cognitive decline. Acute episodes of hyperglycemia, above 15 mmol/L have also been shown to affect cognitive motor tasks. Maintaining blood sugar to avoid hyperglycemia in diabetic workers will help promote safety at work.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.76-101
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• 2022

Despite the increasing use of digital media and their powerful impact on risk management during recent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, the question of how digital media exposure influences preventive behaviors has not been fully explained. Using the appraisal tendency framework and protection motivation theory as theoretical frameworks, we theorized the affective and cognitive mechanisms under which the differential roles of three negative emotions (fear, anger, worry) on two cognitive appraisals (perceived threat and perceived efficacy) were examined. Based on data collected from a survey of 1,500 South Koreans during the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that while worry and anger increased perceived efficacy, fear reduced perceived efficacy. The results also showed that although exposure to COVID-19 information via digital formats increased preventive behavioral intention in general, digital media use for COVID-19 information had a negative influence on preventive behavioral intention through the sequential mediation of fear and perceived efficacy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2024

With the start of COVID-19 in 2020, the MBTI test became popular among Korean young generation and then developed into a nationwide hot topic. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of the MBTI popularity in Korea and the public opinions toward this phenomenon. With the analysis of the reports contents, 231 news reports related to MBTI were selected from KINDS (Korea Integrated News Database System) as research samples. The general attitude of the media towards MBTI tests and the reasons for the formation of positive and negative evaluations will be discussed from three perspectives: media attention, media attitudes and cognitive sources. The research finds that the increasing interest in MBTI among the younger generation in Korea is driven by a post-epidemic desire for self-exploration, emotional planning, and online group affiliation. MBTI has gained quasi-scientific status, similar to horoscopes, influenced by celebrities and a substantial fan base in online communication. While widely used for entertainment and social currency, there are concerns that extensive labeling may unconsciously impact individuals' self-perception and hinder the development of a holistic and objective cognitive framework.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of contiguity and reading mode on cognitive load factors measured by Galvanic Skin Response(GSR). In this study two experimental conditions were imposed to participants to measure cognitive load with the high contiguity picture and low contiguity picture. Thirty-four college students participated to this experiment(experiment group=17, control group=17), and spilt-plot factorial design was applied to control individual difference in galvanic skin response. Tasks of this experiment were reading and summary. The dependent variables were skin conductance response, and perceived difficulty. The independent variables were the degree of contiguity of visual material(high contiguity vs. low contiguity). The major result of this study was identification of a significant difference of GSR with low contiguity condition. Indeed it was identified that more complex reading condition required more cognitive loads. This finding supported that different cognitive process might require different amounts of cognitive loads. For the further research, this study discussed the validity of applying physiological signals to assess cognitive loads and relationships the associated affective reactions.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.238-246
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• 2019

Background: In South Korea, as an aged society, an understanding of dementia and its risk factors is important from clinical and healthcare policy perspectives. Relationship between cognitive impairment and body weight or weight changes have been reported, but these were contradictory. We have evaluated the association between weight changes and cognitive decline using national level longitudinal data. Methods: Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2012 were used. Association between weight changes and decline in cognitive function as measured by K-MMSE (the Korean version of the Mini-mental state examination) score was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Weight changes were calculated from 1st wave and 3rd wave survey data, and classified into five groups as stable, increases, decreases of >10%, or 5%-10%. Results: About 37% of the total participants (n=4,512) were 65 years or older. These participants made up the largest proportion of the groups with weight change exceeding 10%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that weight changes exceeding 10% (10% increase vs stable, adjusted OR [aOR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.95; 10% decrease vs stable, aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11-1.88) were significant predictive factors for decline in cognitive function. In subgroup analyses, the association between weight changes and cognitive decline was significant in males aged over 65 years and in normal BMI groups. Conclusion: Weight changes, both increases and decreases exceeding 10% of baseline, were significantly associated with declines in cognitive function among older adults in South Korea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2020

Circadian rhythm is an endogenous oscillation of about 24-h period in many physiological processes and behaviors. This daily oscillation is maintained by the molecular clock machinery with transcriptional-translational feedback loops mediated by clock genes including Period2 (Per2) and Bmal1. Recently, it was revealed that gut microbiome exerts a significant impact on the circadian physiology and behavior of its host; however, the mechanism through which it regulates the molecular clock has remained elusive. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (4-OH-PPA) and 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA) are major metabolites exclusively produced by Clostridium sporogenes and may function as unique chemical messengers communicating with its host. In the present study, we examined if two C. sporogenes-derived metabolites can modulate the oscillation of mammalian molecular clock. Interestingly, 4-OH-PPA and PPA increased the amplitude of both PER2 and Bmal1 oscillation in a dose-dependent manner following their administration immediately after the nadir or the peak of their rhythm. The phase of PER2 oscillation responded differently depending on the mode of administration of the metabolites. In addition, using an organotypic slice culture ex vivo, treatment with 4-OH-PPA increased the amplitude and lengthened the period of PER2 oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other tissues. In summary, two C. sporogenes-derived metabolites are involved in the regulation of circadian oscillation of Per2 and Bmal1 clock genes in the host's peripheral and central clock machineries.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

Purpose: With the rapid changes in the technical development and the trend of consumption trend, the convenience store industry is facing an unprecedented competitive situation in the consumption environment where the boundary between online and offline is broken due to the stagnation of offline distribution channels and the spread of online shopping. The biggest innovation strategy of the major convenience store brands in recent years are introducing the O2O (Online to Offline) platform and presenting new products and services beyond the boundaries of online and offline to transform themselves into Omni Channel stores. The study is designed to analyze the effect of innovativeness of convenience store as a stimulus in O2O platform which customers perceive on store loyalty, the final response to external stimuli, through customer engagement with convenience store brands. Specifically, the innovativeness of convenience stores was divided into types of core activities in corporate marketing and focused on innovations in services, products(proposals), promotions and experiences. Research design, data, and methodology: Various hypotheses have been developed to achieve this research purpose. The data were collected from 1,128 questionnaires the age between 15 and 60 who had experience using retail store apps and delivery apps and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3.3.7 program. Results: First, service innovation has a positive effect on cognitive engagement. Second, product, promotion and experience innovation have a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: All four types of innovation and cognitive engagement have a positive effect on emotional engagement, which has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Thus, while innovation can build loyalty through emotional engagement, innovation strategies must be designed and pursued with caution in terms of impact through cognitive engagement may not achieve the planned goals.