• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Exercise increases the expression and interaction of major neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at both central and peripheral tissues, which contributes to improved brain and neural plasticity and cognitive function. Previous findings have been to understand the effect of light or moderate intensity aerobic exercise on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function, not that of high intensity aerobic exercise. However, recent findings suggest that high intensity interval training is a safe, less time-consuming, efficient way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and weight control, thus American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM)’s guidelines for exercise prescription for various adult populations also recommend the application of high intensity interval training to promote their overall health. High intensity interval training also enhances the expression of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF at the brain and peripheral tissues, which improves cognitive function. Increased frequency of intermittent hypoxia and increased usage of lactate as a supplementary metabolic resource at the brain and neural components are considered a putative physiological mechanism by which high intensity interval training improves neurotrophic factors and cognitive function. Therefore, future studies are required to understand how increased hypoxia and lactate usage leads to the improvement of neurotrophic factors and what the related biological mechanisms are. In addition, by comparing with the iso-caloric moderate continuous exercise, the superiority of high intensity interval training on the expression of neurotrophic factors and cognitive function should be demonstrated by associated future studies.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.691-701
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• 2004

The first purpose of this study was to compare the factors of information searching before purchasing with the factors of information offering after purchasing of the products, which were communication contents about the wedding Hanbok in internet communities. The second purpose was to propose marketing strategies for internet wedding Hanbok marketer. To accomplish the goal, the content analysis method which considered references and opinions of internet community members was used. Two hundred cases from WEDDING CLUB(62,893members), WEDDING GONGBU (18,649members), and WEDDING DOUMI (17,326members) in Daum internet portal site were selected from August 1 to September 21, 2003. The results were as follows: First, the information factors which were considered seriously when consumers purchased wedding Hanbok, were design, the level of sewing, price, store location, cognitive power, service level, and manufacturing time. Second, the consumers considered the price as the most important factor when they searched internet information. Third, the service factor was also considered importantly, and it was recognized important factor so much after purchasing as before purchasing wedding Hanbok. Fourth, the factors such as cognitive power, manufacturing time and store location were seriously considered as the information searching factors before purchasing. It showed higher rate when compared with information offering factors of after purchasing the wedding Hanbok. Fifth, the factor of sewing was considered as lower rate than other factors. It showed similar results before and after purchasing the wedding Hanbok.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of millennials and Generation Z regarding AI applications in marketing, an area that has been rarely explored in previous researches. This study formulated research questions how millennials and Generation Z perceive the impact of brand image, AI-assistant customer service, affective factor, immersive experience, cognitive factor social factor and competitiveness of products and brands on overall attitude through the lens of AI applications in marketing. Additionally, this study also explored the influence of overall attitudes on satisfaction, intention to use, and loyalty towards AI applications. Research design, data and methodology: To gather data, this study employed an online survey conducted in collaboration with a reputable research organization. This study utilized factor analysis, ANOVA, and regression analysis for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the impact of brand image, AI-assistant customer service, and competitiveness on attitude demonstrated significance in both millennials and generation Z cohorts. The study identified that cognitive and social factors significantly influenced attitudes among millennials, whereas affective and immersive experiences showed significance in influencing attitudes among Generation Z. Conclusions: The findings offer valuable managerial implications, shedding light on the application of AI in marketing with distinct perspectives between millennials and Generation Z.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.298-304
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• 2016

Dianthus superbus (D. superbus) is a traditional crude drug used for the treatment of urethritis, carbuncles and carcinomas. The objective of this study was to confirm the cognitive enhancing effect of D. superbus in memory impairment induced mice and to elucidate the possible potential mechanism. Effect of D. superbus on scopolamine induced memory impairment on mice was evaluated using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. We also investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) expression in scopolamine-induced mice. HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to identify active compounds in D. superbus. The results revealed that D. superbus attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine. D. superbus also inhibited AChE levels in the hippocampi of the scopolamine-injected mice. Moreover, D. superbus increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus. Eight compounds were identified using HPLC-DAD analysis. The content of 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid was higher than contents of other compounds. These results indicated that D. superbus improved memory functioning accompanied by inhibition of AChE and upregulation of BDNF, suggesting that D. superbus may be a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

The pilot aptitude test so far has been conducted with a dichotomous concept of cognitive factor and non-cognitive factor, so it was not easy to explain concrete factors about pilot aptitude. Therefore, an integrated approach is needed to construct pilot aptitude test including all factors that can predict pilot aptitude. In previous study, we developed questionnaire items for the Pilot Aptitude Personality Test(PAPT) which can predict the flight training achievement through personality and personal characteristics. And those items were categorized as personality, cognition, and motivation factors. The flight training grades were correlated with all the test factors of the items, and the cognitive factors were high. As a result of the regression analysis, the total score of the three factors together accounted for 16% of the flight training grades. The results of the ANOVA showed that the cognition factors and motivation factors had significant effects on the completion of the flight training. The factors of PAPT predicted not only the completion of the flight training but also the flight performance. This is because the existing paper-pencil pilot aptitude test can only discriminate the flight training completion status. This is also a result of the fact that the introductory flight training consists of various factors including not only basic cognition but also personality and motivation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2014

Due to the unpredictable nature of channel availability, carrying delay-sensitive traffic in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is very challenging. Spectrum leasing of radio resources has been proposed in the so called coordinated CRNs to improve the quality of service (QoS) experienced by secondary users (SUs). In this paper, the performance of coordinated CRNs under fixed-rate with hard-delay-constraints traffic is analyzed. For the adequate and fair performance comparison, call admission control strategies with fractional channel reservation to prioritize ongoing secondary calls over new ones are considered. Maximum Erlang capacity is obtained by optimizing the number of reserved channels. Numerical results reveal that system performance strongly depends on the value of the mean secondary service time relative to the mean primary service time. Additionally, numerical results show that, in CRNs without spectrum leasing, there exists a critical utilization factor of the primary resources from which it is not longer possible to guarantee the required QoS of SUs and, therefore, services with hard delay constraints cannot be even supported in CRNs. Thus, spectrum leasing can be essential for CRN operators to provide the QoS demanded by fixed-rate applications with hard delay constraints. Finally, the cost per capacity Erlang as function of both the utilization factor of the primary resources and the maximum allowed number of simultaneously rented channels is evaluated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

The purpose of this article is to comparatively depict the organizational effectiveness of two rail firms based on the cognitive response of employees(group of drivers). To attain this purpose, several aspects of current personnel and organization management system and organizational culture are surveyed through questionaire and analyzed by SPSS. The questionaire includes two parts of items. First, it includes items on personnel-related factors such as evaluation system, job, wage, role, leadership and job satisfaction. Second, it includes items on organizational culture model suggested by Rousseau. The major findings are : 1) In general, the cognitive response of drivers in two firms concerning personnel-related aspects is to a certain degree negative. 2) The cognitive response of drivers in two firms concerning culture-related aspects is also awfully negative. 3) Job satisfaction of drivers in the firm A is highly related to role and leadership factors in terms of personnel-related aspects, on the one hand, and to achievement factor in terms of culture, on the other hand. In case of the firm B, job satisfaction of drivers is highly related to personnel evaluation factor as well as role and leadership factors in terms of personnel-related aspects, on the one hand, and to affiliation, power, and bureaucracy factors in terms of culture, on the other hand.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the cognitive measurement scale of residential life management of apartment residents. The questionaires were distributed to 550 housewives and 392 questionaires were analyzed in this study. For the construct validity of this residential life management, the methods of factor analysis was used. As the results, 5 factors of residential life management of apartment residents were extracted. They are 1) Residential life covenience service, 2) Residential life support service, 3) Resident's activity support and announcement of managerial works. 4) Safety and order sustaining, 5) Precaution to accident.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

In this study, we performed the psychological analysis on campus facilities for university students with the observation that the evaluation on the physical environment of the campus is related to the image evaluation of the campus users. Specifically, we investigated the cognitive structure and the image evaluation structure of users, i.e., students, on the architectural and morphological elements of campus buildings. The investigation results are summarized as follows. 1) The cognitive structure of students on the architectural and morphological elements was different from building to building. In the case of architectural elements, the campus buildings were rated high, if they were designed with emphasis on symbolic elements, while the campus buildings with simple design were rated low. However, the morphological elements exhibited the opposite results. 2) We extracted six factors by performing the factor analysis for image evaluation. From the analysis results, we found that students showed a different structure of image evaluation for each building. In addition, the image evaluation structures were found to be related with the cognitive structures on architectural and morphological elements. 3) We also performed the correlation analysis between image evaluation structure and cognitive structure on architectural and morphological aspects. The analysis results indicated that each building showed different correlation patterns. In addition, the overall image became better, as they appraised "clarity" and "uniformity" more highly.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.159-168
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high class korean restaurants' servicescape on customers' emotional response and intention to revisit. This study also examined the relationship among emotional and cognitive reactions and intention to revisit. A total of 216 questionnaires were analyzed using the factor analysis, reliability test, and structural equation modeling analysis. The results revealed that space, aesthetics and comfortableness were positively related to emotional reaction, and convenience and cleanliness were related to cognitive reaction. This study also found that intention to revisit was positively related to emotional and cognitive reactions. Moreover, it was found that think was positively related to emotional reaction, and feel, think, act and the related were positively related to cognitive reaction. Finally, cognitive reaction was positively related to revisit. The results of the study suggested that high-class Korean restaurant marketers should introduce or strengthen servicescape, brand reputation and experiences, which increased brand attitude or revisit.