• 초등상담연구
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.141-169
• /
• 2007

One of the most common feelings in everyday life is anger. Anger plays an important role in activating emotional energy and increasing intolerance when confronted with hardships, frustration and improper treatments. And it provides us with controlling interpersonal behavior, organizing internal, physiological, psychological process and various adaptive functions. If anger is not properly expressed, it brings about offensive attitude, leading to not only physical impairment but also anxiety in interpersonal relations and maladaptive to everyday life. For elementary school students, frequent quarrels, abusive words and defiant attitude toward adults are also caused by students' anger. Therefore, students' anger is one of the most difficult problems to be dealt with not only psychologically but also in elementary schools. In this respect, after investigating frequently experienced anger- inducing situations and inventing anger-inducing situation questionnaire, we postulated specific situations changing irrational belief into rational one. Based on these situations, we accounted for how to cope with anger inducing factors and change irrational belief into rational one, introducing several strategies needed to control anger, invented cognitive behavioral anger control program and tried to clarify the relationship between anger inducing experience and anger regulation ability. In order to derive usual anger-inducing situations, we made 180 students with fifth and sixth grade to record the reason why he/she got angry, mood, thought, behavior and result. Through this process, we could derive 47 situations bringing about anger and prepared anger-inducing situation questionnaire. It can be divided into 3 anger inducing situations by using factor analysis into 500 elementary students of fifth and sixth grade. Cognitive behavioral anger control program used in this study consists of 13 sessions. From first to fifth session, it is composed of 10 anger control methods to make students be aware of and control their anger. From sixth through thirteenth session, the relationship between irrational belief and anger inducing is introduced is focused on how irrational belief is changed into rational one. To examine the effects of the program, high anger students and the students lacking anger control are selected. Thirty students through pre-test using anger-inducing questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are taught the goals and procedures. Volunteer students and students with parents' consent allocated to experimental group (12 students) and the rest of the students are control group (12 students). Cognitive Behavioral Anger Control Program are applied every 50 minutes twice a week for 7 weeks and 4 weeks before and after this program, anger-inducing situation questionnaire and anger control ability questionnaire are practiced. Data collected in this study analyzed by SPSS and Kwakstat. In the middle of this program, quarterly reports and satisfaction measuratings were evaluated to examine whether there is verbal and non-verbal behavior change and students feel satisfied with the program. The results of this study are as follows: First, Cognitive-behavioral anger control program used in this study effectively reduced anger experience and lasted for 4 weeks. Second, cognitive behavioral anger control program increased students' ability to control anger inducing situations and also effective for 4 weeks. And its effect on verbal and non-verbal behaviour was very impressive Students come to realize that irrational belief is the cause of their anger and actively apply cognitive-behavioral anger control technique to themselves as well. Students became improved in their peer relations and felt confident in everyday life. The overall evaluation of this program can be listed as follows; "very satisfactory (91.67%)", "satisfactory (8.33%)", "very helpful (91.67%)", "helpful (8.33%). In this study we first investigated several anger-inducing situations and invented anger-inducing situation questionnaire and then applied cognitive behavioral anger control program in order to control their. anger and not to experience it. By creating workbooks and manuals this method can easily be used in school education settings.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.461-480
• /
• 2008

기술의 도입과 이용지속성에 관한 많은 연구가 있어왔지만, 대부분 인지적 관점에서 바라본 데 반해, 감성적 측면은 상대적으로 부족하다. 정보시스템 연구에서 사용자의 태도, 만족이 주로 고려된다 하더라도 그것들은 감성의 오로지 일부분일뿐이다. 여러 학계의 연구자들은 인간행동을 이해하고 예측하는데 감성의 중요성을 주목하기 시작했다. 특히, 모바일 인터넷과 같은 현대 응용기술에서는 기술의 이용자로서뿐 아니라 서비스 소비자로서의 역할을 하는 사용자들의 감성이 필수적으로 연구되어야한다. 그래서, 이연구는 정보시스템 지속성을 위한 이성과 감성의 조화모델을 제안한다. 이전 연구들과의 차이점은 Circumplex Model of Affect에 따르는 감성의 주요한 차원인 즐거움과 각성(Pleasure and Arousal)을 고려함으로써, 다른 모든 감성의 요인들이 이 두 축의 조합으로 설명될수있도록 한 점이다. 그래서, 사용자 행동에 관한 이전연구들이 즐김과 흥분과 같은 "감성에 연관된 구조"의 직,간접적 효과를 고려한데 반해, 이 연구는 즐거움과 각성과 같은 "감성에 기반한 구조"의 직접적 효과를 제시한다. 본 연구에서 제안된 이성과 감성의 조화모델은 모바일 인터넷 서비스 사용자들을 대상으로 테스트되고, 그 타당성이 입증된다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2014

자동차는 우리에게 생활의 편리함을 준 반면 대기오염이나 교통사고와 같은 심각한 문제들도 안겨주었다. 이에 교통사고를 줄이기 위한 여러 가지 정책들이 실시되고 있지만 보다 근본적인 교통사고 예방대책을 찾기 위해서는 더욱 다양한 연구가 필요하다. 우리나라 국민 정신건강 조사통계에 따르면 대표적인 부정적 정서로 꼽을 수 있는 우울과 불안이 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이지만 이와 관련하여 운전행동과의 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 구조방정식을 이용하여 우울과 불안을 포함한 운전자의 부정적 정서요인과 운전행동과의 구조모형을 구축하였다. 여기에 인간의 정서는 최종 행동으로 모두 나타나지 않으며 정서조절의 단계를 거친다는 연구를 토대로 정서조절 방략을 반영하여 이를 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 분석결과 운전자의 부정적 정서는 안전운전보다는 위험운전행동에 더 많은 영향을 주며 정서조절 방략 중에서는 감정표현 억제가 더 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인지적 재해석은 안전운전을 추구하는 순행적 대처행동에, 감정표현 억제는 위험운전을 감행하는 역행적 대처행동에 (+) 영향을 미치며 부정적 정서요인들을 매개로 한 총효과 분석에서는 감정표현 억제가 인지적 재해석보다 미치는 영향이 컸다. 본 연구는 운전자의 운전행동에 대한 이해를 증진시키고 교통사고를 줄이기 위한 정책의 기초 연구로서 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2015

Background: The word "geop" is a unique Korean term commonly used to describe fright, fear and anxiety, and similar concepts. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the correlation between the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score of geop and three different questionnaires on pain perception. Methods: Patients aged 20 to 70 years who visited our outpatient pain clinics were evaluated. They were requested to rate the NRS score (range: 0-100) if they felt geop. Next, they completed questionnaires on pain perception, in this case the Korean version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS). The correlations among each variable were evaluated by statistical analyses. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between the NRS score of geop and the PSQ score (r = 0.075, P = 0.5605). The NRS score of geop showed a significant correlation with the PCS total score (r = 0.346, P = 0.0063). Among the sub-scales, Rumination (r = 0.338, P = 0.0077) and Magnification (r = 0.343, P = 0.0069) were correlated with the NRS score of geop. In addition, the NRS score of geop showed a significant correlation with the PASS total score (r = 0.475, P = 0.0001). The cognitive (r = 0.473, P = 0.0002) and fear factors (r = 0.349, P = 0.0063) also showed significant correlations with the NRS score of geop. Conclusions: This study marks the first attempt to introduce the concept of "geop". The NRS score of geop showed a moderate positive correlation with the total PCS and PASS score. However, further investigations are required before the "geop" concept can be used practically in clinical fields.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2008

현재 PTSD와 관련한 여러 병태생리 기전들이 밝혀지고 있으며 이에 초점을 둔 다양한 약물치료가 행해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일 대학병원에서 PTSD로 진단된 환자들의 의무기록을 검토하여 약물치료의 경향에 대해 알아보았다.1998년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 DSM-IV에 의해 PTSD로 진단된 입원 환자 75명이 대상군이 되었으며, 이들의 인구학적 요인들, 입원기간, 외상의 종류, 외상 후 경과시간 및 정신과적 공존병리 및 처방 받은 약물을 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 75명 중 남자는 33명, 여자는 42명이었다. 정신과적 공존병리는 총 50명(66.7%)에서 존재하였으며, 우울장애, 인지장애, 정신장애 및 불안장애 순이었다.73명(97%)의 대상군은 항우울제를 처방 받았으며, 그 중 paroxetine이 54.7%로 가장 많았고 두 가지 이상의 항우울제를 처방 받은 경우도 24%였다. 또 거의 대부분의 환자에서 비정형 항정신병약물(33.3%), 기분안정제(17.3%),항불안제(94.7%)가 항우울제와 병용 처방된 것으로 조사되었다. 여러 제한점에도 불구하고 본 연구에서 얻어진 약물 처방 경향은 향후 국내 실정에 맞는 치료 지침을 수립하는 데에 하나의 근거 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2018

Objective : The Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders developed Korean guidelines for treatment of panic disorder (PD) 2018. In this paper, we discussed the consensus among psychiatrists, regarding initial and maintenance treatment strategies for pharmacological treatment of PD in Korea. Methods : Based on current treatment guidelines published by the American Psychiatric Association, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Canadian Psychiatric Association, we developed questionnaires pertinent to initial and maintenance treatment strategies for pharmacological treatment of PD. Seventy-two experts in PD answered questionnaires. We classified expert opinions into three categories, first, second, and third-line treatment strategies, by analyzing the 95% confidence interval. Results : Antidepressants, benzodiazepine anxiolytics, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were recommended as treatments of choice (ToC), and first-line strategies for initial treatment of PD. Escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine were preferred from among many anti-panic drugs. Mean starting dose of anti-panic drugs for initial treatment of PD was relatively lower, than that for other psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder. In the case of maintenance treatment of PD, antidepressants and CBT were selected as ToC and first-line strategies. Patients were typically examined every four weeks during treatment, to review effectiveness and side effects of the drug. Pharmacotherapy was generally continued for one year or more. Conclusion : This study provides information about consensus among Korean experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with panic disorder.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2019

Objective : GRIT is a non-cognitive trait which is defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. It predicts success, performance and thedifference from other traits. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the GRIT scale. Methods : A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients received psychiatric assessment including Clinical Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS), Clinical Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and GRIT as well as demographic assessment. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of total GRIT score and the split-half reliability of each item was calculated to assess test reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to select the best fitting model and assess construct validity. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed to check convergent and discriminant validity. Results : Cronbach's alpha coefficient for GRIT was found to be 0.85 and all Cronbach's alpha were more than 0.8 even in cases where all items were deleted. We found 3 appropriate factor models in exploratory factor analysis, compared them with 3 models and chose the 2-factor model as the most suitable based on the best fit test. Finally, correlation of the GRIT with CUDOS, CUXOS, PHQ-15, CDRS and BRS were statistically significant (all p<0.01), with relatively low correlation coefficient. Conclusion : This study indicates that the Korean version of GRIT is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating individual power of passion and perseverance.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.747-753
• /
• 2019

인지기능 저하는 장 단기 기억 및 주의력 소실과 우울증, 불안증의 증가를 특징으로 한다. 또한, 인지기능 저하는 알츠하이머, 파킨슨병과 같은 다양한 퇴행성 뇌질환과 연관되어 있다. 경제적 부담, 안전 위협을 포함하는 인지기능 저하와 관련된 사회적 문제는 고령화가 진행됨에 따라 증가하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 전 세계적으로 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 일반적으로 인지기능 저하를 유발할 가능성이 있는 원인으로는 노화에 따른 대사 및 호르몬 불균형, 감염, 약물 오남용, 신경세포 손상 등이 알려져 있지만 다양한 요인이 관련되어 있으므로 원인 규명이 어려운 한계점 때문에 뚜렷한 치료전략 수립이 어려운 실정이다. 최근의 연구에 따르면 퇴행성 뇌질환 발생의 원인과 이에 대한 치료전략 수립에 있어서 장내미생물의 역할이 중요하게 제시되고 있다. 특히, 알츠하이머병과 파킨슨병에서 장내미생물 조성의 변화 및 이들에 의한 대사산물에 따른 분자생물학적, 신경행동학적 증상의 변화가 밝혀졌다. 알츠하이머병 동물모델에서 장내미생물의 변화는 NMDA 수용체와 글루탐산의 변화를 통해 기억능력 소실을 야기하였다. 반면, 알츠하이머병 동물모델에 프로바이오틱스를 투여하였을 때, 비정상적인 신경학적 행동이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 파킨슨병은 장내미생물 군집의 변화와 직접적인 연관성을 보였으며 이는 이차적 증상인 변비 발생에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 파킨슨병 동물모델에 투여한 프로바이오틱스는 단쇄지방산 중 하나인 뷰티르산 증가를 통한 신경세포 보호효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 알츠하이머병과 파킨슨병에서 뇌-혈관장벽의 기능이상이 밝혀졌으며, 뇌-혈관장벽 변화는 장내미생물 불균형에 의한 전신성 염증에 따른 미세소관의 파괴 및 투과성 증가와 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 장내미생물 대사과정에서 생성된 대사산물은 퇴행성 뇌질환의 발생과 치료에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 인지기능 저하의 진행을 지연시킴으로써 심화를 방지할 수 있는 효과적인 접근법을 제시하기 위하여 인지기능 저하와 장내미생물의 연관성을 심층적으로 고찰하여 치료적 대안으로 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2020

With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.58-71
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out in order to examine demographic variables and personal and working conditions affecting to self-esteem, self-efficacy and work autonomy and mental health of the dental technicians. For this study, questionnaires composed of 50 items for the measurement of psychiatric symptom, work autonomy, self-esteem and self-efficacy index and 14 items related with demographic variables and personal and working conditions were distributed to 400 dental technicians and the 304 of them were statistically analyzed the results were as the following ; 1. Self-esteem and self- efficacy in dental technicians appeared to be interacted. 2. Score of self-efficacy index was higher in dental technicians of young age, or high or professional education than in otherwise dental technicians. 3. Score of self-efficacy index was higher in dental technicians of young age or professional education than in otherwise dental technicians. 4. All of self-esteem, self-efficacy and work autonomy in dental technicians affected directly their psychiatric symptom. 5. Promotion, and communication with fellows and senior workers of dental technicians affected directly their psychiatric symptom. 6. Each of anxiety, anger, depression and cognitive disturbance appeared to be interacted.