• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to show the limitations of Just War Theory in evaluating ethical issues that can be raised in cognitive warfare, which is emerging as a new area of war. To this end, we will provide the background of cognitive warfare, derive the features of cognitive warfare based on conceptual analysis of cognitive warfare, and clarify the differences between cognitive warfare and traditional warfare. Afterwards, we will turn the discussion and take a look at the background and areas of Just War Theory as a theory that evaluates comprehensive ethical issues related to war. Then, we will elaborate what Just War Theory is and apply the ethical judgment criteria presented in the three areas of this theory, jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus post bellum, to cognitive warfare. Finally, we will evaluate the appropriateness of ethical judgment in cognitive warfare by applying criteria for each area and specify the limitations, thereby showing that Just War Theory has limitations as an ethical judgment criteria in cognitive warfare.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.537-542
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• 2022

The "cognitive warfare," which has emerged as a result of the Ukrainian-Russian war, has already existed in the previous war and is now emerging as a major aspect of the war, its meaning and influence are increasing. Recognizing the emergence and importance of cognitive warfare and understanding the meaning and characteristics of cognitive warfare must be accompanied by victory in the modern war. After Russia's alleged involvement in the U.S. presidential election in 2016 drew attention, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in 2021 confirmed its upward influence. In particular, 'cognitive warfare' using SNS played a major role in leading the war to its advantage and maintaining the initiative by selecting clear purposes and targets such as the international community, the people, and Hamas. This new pattern of war is gradually emerging as the world is hyper connected with the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It is expected that it will play a leading role in the future battle if it clearly recognizes the main contents of the new war, "Injijeon," and has the ability and ability to actively operate it.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2023

This study focuses on the development of intelligent combat robot systems for future warfare. The research is structured as follows: First, the introduction presents the rationale for researching intelligent combat robots and their potential to become game changers in future warfare. Second, in the context of the intelligent robot paradigm, this study proposes the need for military organizations to innovate their combat concepts and weapon systems through the effective utilization of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive, Biometric, and Mechanical technologies. This forms the theoretical background of the study. Third, the analysis of intelligent robot systems considers five examples: humanoid robots, jumping robots, wheeled and quadrupedal pack robots, and tank robots. Finally, the discussion and conclusion propose that intelligent combat robots should be selected as game changers in military organizations for future warfare, and suggest further research in this area.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.50-67
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• 2015

The Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm in tactical ad hoc networks is an important element of future military communications for network-centric warfare. This paper presents a novel Cognitive Link State Routing protocol for CR-based tactical ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme provides prompt and reliable routes for Primary User (PU) activity through procedures that incorporate two main functions: PU-aware power adaptation and channel switching. For the PU-aware power adaptation, closer multipoint relay nodes are selected to prevent network partition and ensure successful PU communication. The PU-aware channel switching is proactively conducted using control messages to switch to a new available channel based on a common channel list. Our simulation study based on the ns-3 simulator demonstrates that the proposed routing scheme delivers significantly improved performance in terms of average end-to-end delay, jitter, and packet delivery ratio.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-127
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• 2010

The Network Centric Warfare(NCW) is based on the linkage of forces by network to employ them as they are centralized, even though they are scattered. Also it can be used to overcome spatiotemporal obstacles. Under the concept of NCW, cognitive and social areas are getting more weight than information technology and physical ones. In this study we tried to investigate the affecting factors to execute NCW effectively by user's point of view to place the focus on cognitive and social aspects. We obtained some affirmative results that affect to conduct NCW in Korea. The advanced western NCW can be applicable in theoretically in Korea, however to employ NCW more effectively we need Korean style NCW which portrays the Korean realities and circumstances.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.4B
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

The future battlefield environment has changed platform centric warfare into a network centric warfare. The NCO is a operational concept to improve combat power through information sharing, shared situational awareness, decision making and synchronized action based on powerful network grid. In addition, these operational environment is composed of physical, information, cognitive and social domains. The platform environment system is associated with the OSI 7 layer. However, OSI 7 layer is limited to express NCW environment including cognitive and social domains. Therefore, we requires a new model for expressing cognitive and social domains. After we developed a new model, this model applied to the NCW architecture taxonomy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4147-4157
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• 2015

The weapon system has developed by adding various functions because of the warfare change. And, an weapon system test set (WSTS) that is used to test and judge the condition of weapon system also deal with a lot of complex information. However, almost WSTS is developed on the basis of developer-centric. Because of it, it is hard to make a result by apprehending information on WSTS's display. Thus, I proposed a new display of WSTS by adapting the Ecological Interface Design(EID) Methodology to reduce operator's cognitive workload and assure safe testing. WSTS's Display is developed through Information Requirement and Work Domain Model as a result of Work Domain Analysis. The most powerful thing in the new display is that operator can identify his testing and status of WSTS directly. I expect that it reduces operator's cognitive workload and helps safe testing.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2021

Lessons Learned(LL) is a military term defined as all activities that promote future development by finding problems and need improvement in education and reality in the field of warfare development. In this paper, we focus on presenting actual examples and applying AI analysis inference techniques to solve revealed problems in promoting LL activities, such as long-term analysis, budget problems, and necessary expertise. AI legal advice services using cognitive computing-related technologies that have already been practical and in use, were judged to be the best examples to solve the problems of LL. This paper presents intelligent LL inference techniques, which utilize AI. To this end, we want to explore theoretical backgrounds such as LL analysis definitions and examples, evolution of AI into Machine Learning, cognitive computing, and apply it to new technologies in the defense sector using the newly proposed L²-OODA ensemble algorithm to contribute to implementing existing power improvement and optimization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

Recently, there has been demand for the convergence of IT (Information and communication Technologies, ICT) with defense, as has already been achieved in civilian fields such as healthcare and construction. It is expected that completely new and common requirements would emerge from the civilian and military domains and that the shape of war field would change rapidly. Many military scientists forecast that future wars would be network-centric and be based on C4I(Command, Control, Communication & Computer, Intelligence), ISR(Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance), and PGM(Precision Guided Munitions). For realizing the smart defense concept, IT should act as a baseline technology even for simulating a real combat field using virtual reality. In this paper, we propose the concept of IT-based smart defense with a focus on accurate detection in real and cyber wars, effective data communication, automated and unmanned operation, and modeling and simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1447-1461
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• 2019

Evaluating battle damage after conducting an attack on selected targets during warfare is essential. However, regarding the assessment of battle damage caused by cyber-attacks, some methods available under limited circumstances have been suggested so far. Accordingly, this paper suggests a militarily applicable, comprehensive, and specific method of battle damage assessment from battle damage assessment methods in combat assessment theories from the understanding of cyberspace. By using cyberspace components, this paper classifies cyber targets, suggests the assessment methods of data damage, social cognitive damage, derived damage, and the existing battle damage assessment methods such as physical damage, functional damage, and target systems, and provides an example to demonstrate that this method is applicable to the actual past cyberattack cases.