• 아동학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2015

This study divided elementary school 6th graders of into a higher academic achievement group (n=19) and a lower academic achievement group (n=19) in order to examine the tendency of left and right hemisphere preferences, characteristics and relationships of learning ability factors by means of EEG. For this purpose, brain waves in performing higher cognitive tasks for 5 min. were measured with a two-channel (Fp1, Fp2) EEG measurement system and hemisphere preference was measured by means of a questionnaire. Our results were as follows. First, hemisphere preference indicated that the higher group showed a left hemisphere tendency and the lower group indicated a right hemisphere tendency. Second, the first learning ability test found that the higher group performed its task rapidly with higher levels of concentration and cognitive strength and lower loading and the lower group conducted its task more slowly with lower levels of concentration and cognitive strength and higher loading. The second test showed that the higher group performed its task rapidly with lower levels of concentration.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

Objectives: To identify the factors affecting the cognitive function according to the education level of people aged 65 or older. Methods: This study used the data from the 2014 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older adults. A total of 10,248 people were analyzed in the final analysis, not including those who responded by proxy and those who did not participate in cognitive function tests. Cognitive function was measured by Mini Mental State Examination -Dementia Screening(MMSE-DS), and logistic regression was performed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: There were differences in factors affecting cognitive function depending on the education level. Overall, regular exercise had a positive effect on maintaining cognitive function, and the higher the education level, the more important it was to maintain the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living(IADL). In addition, for lower education levels, improving the life satisfaction was important to prevent the decline of cognitive function. Conclusions: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that customized approaches shoud be taken according to education level when developing and implementing programs to prevent the decline of cognitive function.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2005

This study compares two different methods of measuring brain-BOLD activation. By comparing two different methods of measurement i.e., one method calculating the neural activation area (the number of activated voxels), while the other measured the neural activation intensity (the mean intensity of selected activated yokels), this study identified the more precise method of measuring brain activation which results from the completion of a visuospatial task. 16 right-handed male college students (mean age 23.2 years) participated in this study as subjects. Functional brain images were scanned on them using a 3T MRI single-shot EPI method. No correlation was found between the levels of cognitive performance and number of activated yokels in the activated brain areas. However, a significant correlation was found between the levels of cognitive performance and the mean intensity of selected activated yokels in the parietal, frontal, and other areas. In conclusion, the method of mean intensity was considered a better index of brain activity rather than the activated yokels measurement method.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide insights on making Korean mathematics framework by analytical comparison of three major assessments such as the NAEP 2015, the TIMSS 2015 and the PISA 2015. This study focused on the key differences and common themes of mathematics frameworks among three major assessments. In order to achieve this purpose, mathematical frameworks of the NAEP 2015, the TIMSS 2015, and the PISA 2015 were analyzed and compared. The criteria of the comparison were content domain and cognitive domain. The comparing criteria of content domain were based on NCTM content standards and cognitive domain were used the three understanding levels of Jan de Lange's pyramid model. Based on these comparisons, researchers discussed that Korea mathematical framework was needed to have a set of content categories that reflect the range of underlying mathematical phenomena and a set of cognitive levels which contain the range of underlying fundamental mathematical capabilities including consideration of contexts.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.408-413
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• 2023

The incidence of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), a prominent geriatric disease, is increasing because of the extended lifespan of companion animals. Various complementary therapies have been proposed for the management of CCDS. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of the Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ in dogs with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Fifteen dogs with CDS were included, and four to five drops of Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ, composed of herbal extracts, were applied around the dorsal neck of all dogs twice daily for 1-3 months. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the CCDS scale, and serum β-amyloid oligomer concentrations were measured before and after administration of the extract. The CCDS scale score significantly decreased after administration in dogs with CDS (p = 0.0313), compared to pre-administration levels. Although the serum β-amyloid oligomer concentration decreased after administration, the change was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A notable decrease was observed between pre- and post-administration in dogs with β-amyloid levels >300 pg/mL (p = 0.0313). The laboratory results showed no remarkable adverse effects of the extract. This study suggests that Brain Six Complex Extract^ⓒ extract could be an adjunctive treatment for dogs with CDS.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 비유를 사용한 '농도와 반응속도'에 대한 학습에서 학생들의 인지적 정의적 변인들의 상 하위 수준에 따른 대응 관계 이해도와 대응 오류 유형의 차이를 비교하고, 이 변인들과 대응 관계 이해도와의 관계를 조사하였다. 사전검사로 논리적 사고력, 시각적 심상화 능력, 비유 추론 능력, 자아 효능감, 인지욕구 검사를 실시하였다. 비유를 사용한 수업을 진행한 후, 친숙도 검사와 대응 관계 이해도 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 시각적 심상화 능력과 친숙도를 제외한 모든 인지적 정의적 변인의 수준이 상위인 학생들의 대응 관계 이해도 점수가 하위 학생들보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 높았다. 또한, 과잉 대응, 대응 불이행, 불가능한 대응, 인위적 대응, 부적절한 대응, 무분별한 대응, 비유물 속성 보유 등의 대응 오류 유형의 빈도가 학생들의 인지적 정의적 변인의 수준에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 학생들의 대응 관계 이해도 점수는 모든 인지적 정의적 변인들과 정적인 상관이 있었다. 다중 회귀 분석 결과, 과학 성취도, 논리적 사고력, 친숙도가 대응 관계 이해도에 대한 유의미한 예언 변인으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 교육적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1987

To examine the effect of students' Cognitive level upon their achievement on Science. the students' cognitive levels were tested by using GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking) and examined the Correlation between the cognitive level and achievement According to the results, most students were still in the conerete level. Only 60% of 9th grade students could handle the logic of displacement volume. In case of proportional logic and logic of probability, only 40% of 9th graders could handle them. Only 10% of the students could understand Correlational logic. Cognitive level and students achievement were estimated to be in a very closely related. Students who were in a high cognitive level showed better achievement scores on knowledge, comprehensive, inquiry, and application items than those who were in low cognitive level. Therefore, this study suggests that the content of the current middle school science should be revised in away to match the students' cognitive level.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.42-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert's high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.749-771
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• 2016

이 논문에서는 우리나라와 미국 수학 교과서에서 다루고 있는 평행사변형이 되기 위한 조건 관련 과제를 과제의 구조, 증명과 추론 유형, 그리고 인지적 노력 수준에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해 두 나라 교과서 과제의 공통점과 차이점을 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과제 구조와 관련하여, 우리나라 교과서에 비해 미국 교과서에 제시된 과제의 구조가 더 다양하다. 둘째, 증명과 추론 유형과 관련하여, 우리나라와 미국 교과서 모두 IC 과제와 DA 과제의 구성 비율이 높으며, 우리나라 교과서에 비해 미국 교과서에 제시된 과제의 유형이 더 다양하다. 셋째, 과제의 인지적 노력 수준과 관련하여, 우리나라와 미국 교과서 모두 PNC 과제와 PWC 과제가 대부분을 차지하며, 우리나라의 경우 미국에 비해 구체적인 알고리즘적 절차를 이용하는 수학 과제를 제시하는 비율이 높다. 차이점을 토대로 우리나라 교과서 재구성에 필요한 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 과제의 구조 및 증명과 추론 유형과 관련하여, 구성의 다양성을 높여야 한다. 둘째, 과제의 인지적 노력 수준과 관련하여, PNC 과제에 대한 편중현상을 완화해야 하며, 과제 유형별 인지적 노력 수준에 대한 재고가 필요하다. 셋째, 과제의 주제 또는 소재와 관련하여, 수학 내적, 외적인 상황과의 연결성이 강화된 과제를 도입할 수 있는 방안의 재고가 필요하다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2005