• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2000

Researches have shown that learning science frequently requires the process of conceptual change. As a result, many of the constructivist teaching and loaming approaches focus on this kind of loaming. In approaches that focus on conceptual change, cognitive conflict strategies play a key role. Students, however, still have much difficulty in loaming science. Theoretically, it underlies Piaget's genetic epistemology in which disequilibration demands an interplay between assimilation and accommodation until equilibrium is restored. Also, radical constructivism has its roots in a variety of disciplines, but has been most profoundly influenced by the theories of lean Piaget as interpreted and extended by Glasersfeld. This study is intended to interpret the conceptual change from radical constructivist perspective and explain difficulties of conceptual change which students have in learning science.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2000

The purpose of this article is to introduce the gifted education of mathematics in Korea. We first discuss what is going on in Korea for mathematics education for gifted students. The curriculums for the institutes for gifted education are mentioned. Some focus of this article is proposing some teaching materials that are actively utilizing many basic concents of cryptography and super-string theory, along with careful use of calculators and computers. Many of the materials haven been designed with problem-posing approach on through invoking the cognitive conflict.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to present normative data and cut-off points for older Korean adults completing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Korean (MoCA-K), which is used as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment in Korea. Methods : A total of 195 healthy adults ≥60 years were recruited. All participants completed the MoCA-K and the Korean - Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) to assess their cognitive function. Participants were divided into six groups based on their age: 60-64 years, 65~69 years, 70~74 years, 75~79 years, 80~84 years, and 85~89 years. Results : The results revealed that MoCA-K score decreased significantly with age (mean score ± standard deviation [SD]; 27.63±2.80 in subjects aged 60~64 years; 27.00±2.39 in subjects aged 65~69 years; 24.94±2.96 in subjects aged 70~74 years; 24.74±3.37 in subjects aged 75~79 years; 22.59±4.72 in subjects aged 80~84 years; and 18.83±5.38 in subjects aged 85~89 years; p<.001). Additionally, MoCA-K score also increased significantly with educational level (mean score±standard deviation [SD]; 19.95±4.78 in no formal education group; 24.95±2.22 in elementary school graduated group; 26.35±2.72 in middle school graduated group; 28.32±1.36 in high school graduated group; and 28.50±1.51 in more than college graduated group; p<.001). The optimal cut-off points were 24/25 for 60~69 years old group, 21/22 for 70~79 years old group, 17/18 for 80~84 years old group, and 13/14 for 85~89 years old group. The optimal cut-off points were 15/16 for individuals who were illiterate, 22/23 for individuals with 6 years of education, 22/24 for individuals with 9 years of education, and 26/27 for individuals with 12 or more years of education. Conclusions : This study presents normative data and cut-off points for the MoCA-K in older Korean adults. This data will facilitate more accurate detection and follow-up of the risk of mild cognitive impairment in this population, taking into consideration age and education. Future studies are required that should focus on the cut-off score on the level of education according to age.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.778-793
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze observation characteristics through eye movement according to cognitive styles. To do this, we developed observation tasks that show the differences between wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group, measured eye movement of university students with different cognitive styles after being given an observation task. The difference between two cognitive style groups is confirmed by analysing gathered statistics and visualization data. The findings of this study are as follows: First, to compare fixation time and frequency, we compared the average value of total time used in the observation task by the wholistic cognitive style group and analytic cognitive style group. The numbers of Fixation (total) and number of Fixations (30s), is based on the fact that the wholistic cognitive style group has more numbers of fixation (Total) and number of fixations (30s) means the wholistic cognitive style group can observe more points or overall features than the analytic cognitive style group, in contrast, the analytic cognitive style group tend to focus on a particular detail, and observe less numbers of points. Second, to compare observation object and area by cognitive style, the outcome of analysing visualization data shows that wholistic cognitive style group observes the surrounding environment of spider and web on a wider area, on the other hand, the analytic cognitive style group observes by focusing on the spider itself. Through the result of this study, there are differences in observation time, frequency, object, area, and ratio from the two cognitive styles. It also shows the reason why each student has varied outcome, from the difference of information following their cognitive styles, and the result of this study helps to figure out and give direction as to what observation fulfillment is more suitable for each student.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-100
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• 2022

Untact mobile commerce shows a rapid growth due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. And companies have a lot of tough competition in this trend. However, the detail pages of products which play an important role in purchase decision have been provided mostly for consumers in a form of stereotyped information composition. This study has found that the form of (image-centered vs. text-centered) information composition of detailed descriptions of products in the detail pages of mobile products has an effect on product attitude and purchase intention as consumers' information appeal methods vary depending on product types (search goods vs. experience goods). That is, search goods whose information search is easy and whose quality is predictable could be found that product attitude and purchase intention have a more positive effect on the form of image-centered information composition. And experience goods whose quality is unpredictable could be found that product attitude and purchase intention have a more positive effect on the form of text-centered information composition. And effects of congruence between product types based on Higgins' regulatory focus theory and the form of information composition have found to vary depending on consumers' chronic regulatory focus. Promotion focus seeking consumers showed effects of congruence between product types and the form of information composition and prevention focus seeking consumers did not show effects of congruence between them. That is, promotion focus seeking consumers have found to have more positive product attitude and purchase intention in the form of image-centered information composition of experience goods and text-centered information composition of search goods. And prevention focus seeking consumers have found to be unable to have an effect on product attitude and purchase intention even though the form of image or text-centered information composition of search and experience goods is presented. The study implies that the form of information composition should be designed, produced, and provided for consumers by considering product types and consumer propensity when designing it in the detail pages of mobile products.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.1 s.107
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

In order to promote e-business in port-logistics area, many studies have been conducted since then However, despite those studies related to e-business in this area, prominent achievements have not been presented, and moreover, research in academic side has been very rare, comparing to that cf practical side. In this paper, we focus on factors affecting adoption of e-business in the field of port-logistics industry. The purpose of this study is to find the factors which affect adoption of e-business in port logistics industry, and establish its structure, based on a cognitive modeling. To achieve the aim of this research, we framed a cognitive map with empirical data collected from port-logistics firms. And from the results of analysis, some critical points for successful adoption cf e-business in port-logistics industry were suggested.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.734-747
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• 2015

The aging population and the advancement of science and technology are transforming the healthcare industry to focus on health management for the prevention of diseases. The U-health and remote healthcare services have not yet achieved the social agreement in the nation; however, these have been extensively used in the global scale. The innovation of user experience through cognitive computing are expected to increase the health effects of consumers, by converging with healthcare information services. This study suggests the conceptual model of healthcare information service converged with cognitive computing. Then, the acceptance factors for consumers have been investigated. For this purpose, reliability and validity analysis have been conducted using an online survey. The path analysis was performed to verify the hypotheses and moderating effect based upon the gender, by using structural equation modeling.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.986-997
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to verify the cognitive theory of Multimedia learning in a Smart Pad environment. Specifically, the viability of the multimedia principle and individual difference principle was tested for this study. To accomplish this, participants were divided into two groups based on their prior knowledge level (high/low), and members of each group were given one of two Smart Pad based programs, one text-based and the other text and image based. Results indicate that the use of images and the interaction between image use and prior knowledge did not have a significant effect on cognitive load levels. However, there were significant effects on learning achievement. This study implies that when developing Smart Pad based learning content, the small screen size compared to PC monitors, types and functions of images, and learning objectives should be considered.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1208-1222
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• 2014

Due to the low utilization and scarcity of frequency spectrum in current spectrum allocation methodology, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have been proposed as a promising method to solve the problem, of which spectrum sensing is an important technology to utilize the precious spectrum resources. In order to protect the primary user from being interfered, most of the related works focus only on the restriction of the missed detection probability, which may causes over-protection of the primary user. Thus the interference probability is defined and the interference-aware sensing model is introduced in this paper. The interference-aware sensing model takes the spatial conditions into consideration, and can further improve the network performance with good spectrum reuse opportunity. Meanwhile, as so many fading factors affect the spectrum channel, errors are inevitably exist in the reporting channel in cooperative sensing, which is improper to be ignored. Motivated by the above, in this paper, we study the throughput tradeoff for interference-aware cognitive radio networks over imperfect reporting channel. For the cooperative spectrum sensing, the K-out-of-N fusion rule is used. By jointly optimizing the sensing time and the parameter K value, the maximum throughput can be achieved. Theoretical analysis is given to prove the feasibility of the optimization and computer simulations also shows that the maximum throughput can be achieved when the sensing time and the parameter of K value are both optimized.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

in order to promote e-business in port-logistics area, many studies have been conducted since then. However, despite those studies related to e-business in this area, prominent achievements have not been presented, and moreover, research in academic side have been very rare, compare to toot of practical side. In this paper, we focus on factors affecting adoption of e-business in the field of port-logistics industry. The purpose of this study is to find the factors which affect adoption of e-business in port logistics industry, and establish its structure, based on a cognitive modeling. To achieve the aim of this research, we framed a cognitive map with empirical data collected from port-logistics firms. And from the results of analysis, some critical points for successful adoption of e-business in port-logistics industry were suggested.