• 벤처창업연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2023

이 논문은 혁신성, 진취성, 위험감수성으로 대표되는 기업가정신이 일반인에 비해 투철한 기업가들의 인지편향이 사회적 네트워크에 따라 사업 기회 평가에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 끊임없이 요구되는 기업활동과 관련한 의사결정 시 기업가들은 자신의 지식과 경험 및 외부 전문가들의 조언을 참고하여 합리적인 판단을 하는 것이 일반적이나, 극심한 스트레스 상황 및 신속한 의사결정이 필요한 상황에서는 자신의 인지편향에 따라 휴리스틱(간편 추론법)에 종종 의존하게 된다. 특히, 기업의 성장과 영속성을 담보하기 위해 계획 중인 신사업 기회를 평가하고 선택하는 과정에서도 휴리스틱에 의한 의사결정을 한 나머지 실패하게 되는 사례를 우리는 많이 접하게 된다. 이 연구는 거듭된 성공 경험으로 형성된 기업가의 인지편향이 때로는 사업의 실패라는 부작용을 초래할 수 있다는 점에 착안하여, 기업가의 인지편향이 신사업 기회 평가에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 연구가 필요하다는 요구에서 진행하게 되었다. 그동안 대학생이나 창업을 희망하는 일반인을 대상으로 그들의 인지편향이 창업 및 기회 평가에 미치는 영향에 관한 논문은 다수 있지만, 기업가만을 대상으로 하여 사회적 네트워크와의 관계를 규명한 연구는 부족하다는 문제점이 있었다. 이 연구는 선행연구와는 달리 기업가들만을 대상으로 실증적인 조사를 시행하였으며, 사회적 네트워크와의 관계에 관한 연구도 함께 진행하였다. 연구를 위하여 중소/중견기업 기업가 150명을 대상으로 온라인 모바일 조사와 응답자의 자기기입식 설문지를 이용한 병행 조사 방법으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 독립변수인 기업가의 인지편향 중 과잉자신감과 통제 착각이 사업 기회 평가에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 조절 변수인 사회적 네트워크는 과잉자신감이 사업 기회 평가에 미치는 영향을 조절한다는 것이 확인되었다. 이 연구는 기업가들이 인지편향을 긍정적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법과 사회적 네트워크의 영향력을 알려줌으로써, 기업가들이 신사업 기회를 평가하고 선택하는 과정에서 인지편향이 어떠한 역할을 하는지와 기업가의 인지편향이 신사업 기회 평가와 관련한 구조적 관계를 사회적 네트워크가 조절하는 역할을 한다는 것을 보여주었고, 기업가들뿐만 아니라 기업가 교육 및 정책 결정에도 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 Computational Thinking 기반의 인공지능(AI)교육에 대한 학습자의 내재적 사고의 변화를 살펴보기 위한 평가도구 개발의 기준과 프레임워크를 구성하여 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 데이터수집을 위한 인지적 학습보조(Agency)의 단계, 수집된 데이터의 특징을 분해하여 데이터의 패턴을 인식하고 카테고리화 과정을 수행하는 추상화(Abstracting)의 단계, 추상화과정을 수행한 정제된 데이터를 토대로 알고리즘을 구성하는 모델링(Modeling)단계의 일련의 순차적 과정이 평가요소로 구성되었다. 또한 학습자의 인식, 학습, 행동, 결과에 대한 인지적영역에 대한 평가가 구성되었으며, 학습자의 문제해결의 과정과 결과에 대하여 지식, 역량, 태도의 영역에 대하여 측정을 하게 됨으로써 AI교육에 대한 학습의 내재적인 인지영역의 변화와 결과에 대한 평가를 할 수 있도록 프레임 워크가 설계되었다. 연구의 결과는 교수학습의 맥락에 따른 개별화된 평가도구 개발에 대한 프레임워크를 구성하였다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 향후 AI교육의 다양한 영역에서 활용될 수 있는 기준으로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2022

This study explores the effect of anthropomorphism on fashion chatbot reliability, mediated by perceived intelligence and cognitive evaluation. The moderating effects of individuals' need for human interaction between chatbot anthropomorphism and perceived intelligence, cognitive evaluation, and chatbot reliability are also explored. Participants, who were recruited through the online research firm, responded to questions after watching a video clip showing a conversation with a fashion chatbot on a mobile screen. The data were collected through Mturk, a crowdsourcing platform with an online research panel. All responses (N = 212) were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for the descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and PROCESS procedure. The results demonstrate that chatbot anthropomorphism increases chatbot reliability, and this is mediated by chatbot intelligence. Although chatbot anthropomorphism increases cognitive evaluation, the effect of cognitive evaluation on chatbot reliability is not significant; thereby, the effect of chatbot anthropomorphism on chatbot reliability is not mediated by the cognitive evaluation. The direct effect of anthropomorphism on chatbot reliability is also moderated by individuals' need for human interaction. For participants with a high need for human interaction, chatbot anthropomorphism increases chatbot reliability; however, anthropomorphism does not significantly affect chatbot reliability for participants with a low need for human interaction. The study's findings contribute to expanding the literature on consumers' new technology acceptance by testing the antecedents affecting service reliability.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2002

인터넷 환경의 발전으로 인한 사용자 폭의 확대는 연령계층별 사용자에 대한 인지특성의 이해와 이에 따른 사용자 중심의 디자인 방법을 필요로 하고 있다. 이와 같은 배경에서 본 연구는 웹 인터페이스에서 시각정보의 인지특성 도출을 위해 시지각 인지프로세스 모델을 제시하였으며, 시각정보에 대한 시지각 계측실험의 과정을 거쳐 연령 계층별 피험자의 인지특성에 대한 실질적인 데이터를 확보할 수 있었다. 이의 결과를 토대로 연령계층별 사용자의 인지특성은 시지각 인지프로세스의 세부속성인 형태, 색채, 공간, 운동과 시지각의 생리적, 물리적, 인지적 특성이 변수로 작용하여 서로 다른 인지특성을 가지고 있음을 밝혔다. 그 결과로 시지각 인지프로세스 모델의 다양한 적용은 연령계층별 사용자의 인지특성을 구체적이며 체계적으로 도출할 수 있는 수 있는 기반이 될 수 있을 것이며 웹 인터페이스의 평가 모델로도 활용 될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 디자이너의 역할 확대와 연령계층별 사용편의성 연구방향을 확립할 수 있는 기반을 마련하는 계기가 되었다는데서 그 의의가 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study investigates whether the effectiveness of self trait-advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement on product evaluations depends on a type of pride felt as ambient emotion. It also explores whether the mediating roles of cognitive and affective response to the effect of the advertisement type on product evaluation are moderated by types of pride such as hubristic pride or authentic pride. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This research uses a restaurant service as the experimental object and employs a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) between-subjects design, with cognitive response and affective response as within-subject. Each experimental group consisted of 40 undergraduate students assigned to participate in the experiment. One questionnaire from the authentic pride and self-trait focused advertisement group and two questionnaires from the hubristic pride and communion-focused advertisement group were removed due to answer errors, resulting in a participant number of 157. The author conducts a 2 (pride type: hubristic pride vs. authentic pride) × 2 (advertisement type: self trait-focused advertisement versus communion-focused advertisement) ANOVA on advertised product evaluations, and to better understand the interaction effects, also conducts separate analysis of the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Additionally, the study conducts mediated moderation analysis to check the mediation role difference of the cognitive response and the affective response to each advertisement on the interaction effects on product evaluations between the hubristic and the authentic pride groups. Results - The findings indicate that participants in the hubristic pride group more positively evaluate the product in self-trait focused advertisement, whereas participants in the authentic pride group more positively evaluate the product in communion-focused advertisements. In addition, the mediating role of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation is partially moderated by the pride type. However, the mediating role of affective response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on the product evaluation is not moderated by the pride type. Conclusions - The results of this study contribute to advertisement theory development by exploring interaction effects of ambient pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation, as well as to the theory of consumer behavior by exploring how pride type moderates the mediating roles of cognitive response on the positive interaction effect of advertisement type and pride type on product evaluation. From the perspective of the current research, advertisers should research what kinds of events consumers have experienced to increase the effectiveness of their advertisements, and use self-trait advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient hubristic pride, and use communion-focused advertisements when consumers are grouped under ambient authentic pride. However, future research is necessary to discover the reasons why the mediating role of affective response to advertisements in the interaction effects of pride type and advertisement type on product evaluation is not moderated by pride type.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of participation in contact sports on neurocognitive scores, dual-task walking velocity, and cognitive costs in retired athletes. Method: Forty-four retired athletes (mean age = 26.4±5.5 yrs) and thirty-eight controls (mean age = 26.1±4.9 yrs) participated in this study. Neurocognitive score was collected using computerized neurocognitive testing using RehaCom. Gait velocity was collected one single task, four dual-tasks, and two multi-tasks using Optogait. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compared differences in cognitive scores among groups. A mixed-design two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test were used to assess the effect of group and walking tasks for each condition. Results: The auditory divided attention of neurocognitive score of retired athletes was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the other neurocognitive scores between groups. The changes in walking velocity and cognitive costs according to the dual-task walking tests differed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although participation in contact sports did not affect the neurocognitive results of retired athletes, it could be confirmed that the reduction in walking velocity and an increase in cognitive costs during dual-task walking. Rather than observing only neurocognitive scores as a single evaluation item for cognitive evaluation of retired athletes in relation to daily life, the application of the dual-task gait test may provide useful information.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1600-1606
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• 2022

Objective: This study was to compares and analyzes programs applied to improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early dementia in the community to find out their effectiveness. Methods: In this study, 12 papers were finalized by searching for "elderly", "cognitive", "community", and "program" using the database of the Research Information System (RISS), National Assembly Library, and Korean Studies Information (KISS). Results: Programs for cognitive function were in the order of cognitive stimulation program, arts and crafts, and exercise program. In the program, rather than applying the cognitive stimulation program alone, the program was operated by combining leisure or exercise, music, art, and handicraft. The time was shown to be 30 minutes. The most frequently used evaluation tool was MMSE, followed by GDS and BBS. By cognitive domain, cognitive stimulation program and memory, satisfaction in psychology, and balance ability in exercise were evaluated the most. In the cognitive area, various cognitive stimulation areas were included, and in the exercise area, basic exercise, muscle strength exercise, joint exercise, and balance exercise were applied. Conclusion: Therefore, developing a program to improve cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment, it will be possible to prepare guidelines to establish and development.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-240
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• 2008

Cognitive conflict is well recognized as an important factor in conceptual change and is widely used in developing constructivism-based curricula. However, cognitive conflicts can also contribute to student anxiety during learning, which, when not properly addressed, can have negative impacts on students' motivation and achievement. Therefore, instructors need to be aware of the impacts of introducing cognitive conflicts in their instruction. We need a practical instrument that can help identify the existence and features of cognitive conflicts introduced by the instruction and the resulting anxiety. Based on the literature on studies of cognitive conflicts and student anxiety, we developed a quantitative instrument, the In-class Conflict and Anxiety Recognition Evaluation (iCARE), and used it to monitor the status of students' cognitive conflicts and anxiety in Physics by Inquiry (PBI) classes. In this paper, we introduce this instrument and present the types of information that can be obtained. Research and pedagogical values of this instrument are also discussed.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1992년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.90-95
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• 1992

In this study, the application of fuzzy hierarchical analysis for modeling the inspection tasks with respect to the the improtances of the cognitive factors is considered and it's validity in cognitive researches is confirmed. The results of the relative importance of various cognitive factors can be served as a selection criteria for efficient inspection performance and the information of skilled learning for a inspection training program.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2010

Nanotechnology is the fastest growing area in scientific research and it has important applications in a wide variety of fields. Nevertheless, consumers encountered this new technology without any identification of risks and benefits. Also until now, there are no specific safety evaluation methods for nanotechnology. For this reason, we studied risk communication strategy for nanotechnology to prepare its application in commercialized products on public. A survey was conducted to identify the differences in perception between public (N=110) and expert (N=37) toward applied nanotechnology in food, drugs and cosmetic products. The survey results were used to draw up a risk cognitive map which was introduced by Paul Slovic, and the perception level of public and expert on nanotechnology was evaluated. As a result of the survey, public recognized nanotechnology as "unknown but low dread" risk factor, but expert recognized it as "unknown and high dread" risk factor. These results indicate that there are perception differences between two groups. Several risk communication strategies are reported including care, consensus and risk communication. In the case of nanotechnology, it contains both risks and benefits. Considering the nature of nanotechnology, the "consensus communication" which informs consumers about risks and benefits of issues is the most appropriate strategy.