• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2020

Lateralization for central auditory processing (CAP) with dichotic digits recognition (DDR) test is believed expression of hemispheric dominance. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an inflammatory and autoimmune alteration of central nervous system (CNS). Hearing alterations in MS and their role in CAP has not been well studied. A patient with MS and new kind of alteration in lateralization of CAP with DDR test is presented. A 53 year of age female with MS of 16 years of evolution, nine of them remained asymptomatic. She has a persistent advantage of the right ear for DDR test; but other monaural tests showed predominance of the left afferent pathway. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEPs) showed adequate right response with deficits in organization of left response in BAEP, and N2 wave. In the contrary direction of previous publication, we disclosed advantage for DDR test, BAEP, and LLAEP in the right ear. We observed no left ear suppression; with predominance of correct left percentages in monaural psychoacoustics tests. We must keep on searching to find pathophysiological meaning of predominant of right or left auditory laterality as a CAP disorder in patients with MS.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder associated with cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders. It affects the person's behavior and performance. Autism affects verbal and non-verbal communication in social interactions. Early screening and diagnosis of ASD are essential and helpful for early educational planning and treatment, the provision of family support, and for providing appropriate medical support for the child on time. Thus, developing automated methods for diagnosing ASD is becoming an essential need. Herein, we investigate using various machine learning methods to build predictive models for diagnosing ASD in children using facial images. To achieve this, we used an autistic children dataset containing 2936 facial images of children with autism and typical children. In application, we used classical machine learning methods, such as support vector machine and random forest. In addition to using deep-learning methods, we used a state-of-the-art method, that is, automated machine learning (AutoML). We compared the results obtained from the existing techniques. Consequently, we obtained that AutoML achieved the highest performance of approximately 96% accuracy via the Hyperpot and tree-based pipeline optimization tool optimization. Furthermore, AutoML methods enabled us to easily find the best parameter settings without any human efforts for feature engineering.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.148-160
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• 2023

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with persistent stress and disruption of neuronal function. Persistent stress causes neuronal atrophy, including loss of synapses and reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are associated with neural dysfunction, including mood disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental function of neural networks in response to various stimuli and acts by reorganizing neuronal structure, function, and connections from the molecular to the behavioral level. In this review, we describe the alterations in synaptic plasticity as underlying pathological mechanisms for depression in animal models and humans. We further elaborate on the significance of phytochemicals as bioactive agents that can positively modulate stress-induced, aberrant synaptic activity. Bioactive agents, including flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and lignans, have been reported to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and release, suppress neuronal loss, and activate the relevant signaling pathways, including TrkB, ERK, Akt, and mTOR pathways, resulting in increased spine maturation and synaptic numbers in the neuronal cells and in the brains of stressed animals. In clinical trials, phytochemical usage is regarded as safe and well-tolerated for suppressing stress-related parameters in patients with depression. Thus, intake of phytochemicals with safe and active effects on synaptic plasticity may be a strategy for preventing neuronal damage and alleviating depression in a stressful life.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2024

We investigate Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which is typified by deficits in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, limited vocabulary, and cognitive delays. Traditional diagnostic methodologies, reliant on expert evaluations, frequently result in deferred detection and intervention, particularly in South Korea, where there is a dearth of qualified professionals and limited public awareness. In this study, we employ advanced deep learning algorithms to enhance early ASD screening through automated video analysis. Utilizing architectures such as Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM), Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network (LRCN), and Convolutional Neural Networks with Gated Recurrent Units (CNN+GRU), we analyze video data from platforms like YouTube and TikTok to identify stereotypic behaviors (arm flapping, head banging, spinning). Our results indicate that the LRCN model exhibited superior performance with 79.61% accuracy on the augmented platform video dataset and 79.37% on the original SSBD dataset. The ConvLSTM and CNN+GRU models also achieved higher accuracy than the original SSBD dataset. Through this research, we underscore AI's potential in early ASD detection by automating the identification of stereotypic behaviors, thereby enabling timely intervention. We also emphasize the significance of utilizing expanded datasets from social media platform videos in augmenting model accuracy and robustness, thus paving the way for more accessible diagnostic methods.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the deficits of executive function in children with ADHD, Asperger's Disorder(AD), and teaming disorder (LD), and to identify the differential characteristics of executive function deficits among three groups. Methods : The clinical group consisted of 46 children between the ages of 7 and 15 (16 ADHD, 16 LD, 14 AD). Neuropsychological tests for measuring cognitive function, attention and executive function were individually administered to children, and their performance scores were calculated based on the age norm for each test. Results : There was no significant difference in FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ among the three groups. However, the AD group tended to show higher scores on the subtests of Information, Vocabulary and Digit Span, and lower score on Comprehension subtest than the ADHD and LD groups, while the LD group tended to show the lowest scores on the Information and Vocabulary subtests. On ADS, the ADHD group showed the highest omission and commission errors. All groups showed poor performances belonging to below 25 percentile ranks on executive function tests when compared to the age norms of normative group. The number of completed category on WCST was the smallest in the ADHD group, while the working memory score was the lowest in the LD group. Conclusion : These results suggest that ADHD, LD, and AD children have executive function deficit in common. However, the specific deficit areas in executive function are different for each group.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

연구목적 : 만성불면증은 흔하고 가장 환자들을 괴롭히는 수면장애들 중 하나이다. 본 예비연구는 불면장애 환자들과 수면을 잘 취하는 건강인 간에 공간인지기능을 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : DSM-5상 불면장애의 진단기준을 만족하는 22명의 만성 불면장애 환자와 27명의 수면을 잘 취하는 정상대조군이 연구에 참여하였다. 전산화신경인지기능검사인 Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)를 시행하여 불면장애 환자와 정상대조군 간에 공간인지기능(spatial planning function)을 비교하였다. 결 과 : CANTAB 결과 상 Stockings of Cambridge test에서 더 저조한 problems solved in minimum moves 결과를 보였다(t = -2.499, p = 0.017) 이 항목은 나이, 성별, beck depression index 비수면점수를 통제한 ANCOVA 분석에서도 유의한 결과를 보였다(F = 5.631, p = 0.017)의 유의한 차이가 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과는 불면장애 환자들의 저조한 공간계획기능을 시사한다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

Objective : The Korean Association of Anxiety Disorders developed Korean guidelines for treatment of panic disorder (PD) 2018. In this paper, we discussed the consensus among psychiatrists, regarding initial and maintenance treatment strategies for pharmacological treatment of PD in Korea. Methods : Based on current treatment guidelines published by the American Psychiatric Association, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, and the Canadian Psychiatric Association, we developed questionnaires pertinent to initial and maintenance treatment strategies for pharmacological treatment of PD. Seventy-two experts in PD answered questionnaires. We classified expert opinions into three categories, first, second, and third-line treatment strategies, by analyzing the 95% confidence interval. Results : Antidepressants, benzodiazepine anxiolytics, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) were recommended as treatments of choice (ToC), and first-line strategies for initial treatment of PD. Escitalopram, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine were preferred from among many anti-panic drugs. Mean starting dose of anti-panic drugs for initial treatment of PD was relatively lower, than that for other psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder. In the case of maintenance treatment of PD, antidepressants and CBT were selected as ToC and first-line strategies. Patients were typically examined every four weeks during treatment, to review effectiveness and side effects of the drug. Pharmacotherapy was generally continued for one year or more. Conclusion : This study provides information about consensus among Korean experts regarding pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with panic disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 아스퍼거장애와 비전형 자폐장애 아동의 인지기능과 시각-운동 협응능력을 비교하였다. 아스퍼거장애(13명)와 비전형 자폐장애(14명) 환아 27명의 인지기능과 시각-운동 협응능력을 알아보기 위해 K-WISC와 BGT 수행결과를 비교하였다. 아스퍼거장애는 비전형 자폐장애보다 전체 지능이 유의미하게 더 높았다. 아스퍼거장애는 언어성 지능과 동작성 지능이 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 비전형 자폐장애는 동작성 지능이 언어성 지능에 비해 유의미하게 더 높았다. 아스퍼거장애는 비전형 자폐장애에 비해 상식과 이해 소검사에서 더 우수한 수행을 보였고, 토막짜기에서는 더 낮은 점수를 받았다. 또한 비전형 자폐장애와 비교할 때, 아스퍼거장애는 시각-운동 협응에 더 어려움이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아스퍼거 장애는 언어 및 학습능력이, 비전형 자폐장애는 시공간 기능 및 시각-운동 협응능력이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 이러한 결과는 K-WISC와 BGT가 이 두 장애를 구분하는데 유용한 평가도구가 될 수 있음을 시사해주었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2008

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is responsible for more than 50% of all dementia cases. There is significant interest in finding new sources of compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to be used in the treatment of AD, since only a few AChE inhibitors, such as galanthamine, physostigmine, and tacrine, are available for clinical use. In the present study, ICR mice were treated with a 1 mg/kg scopolamine, which caused impaired cognitive ability. The steady consumption of a water extract of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne flowers for 3 months significantly prevented the scopolamine induced deficit of the spatial cognitive capability of mice. It also improved long-term memory in mice with amnesia induced by scopolamine, as assessed by the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. In addition, water extract consumption significantly decreased AChE activity in mouse brain, leading to inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis.