• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-174
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• 2005

Oh and Kim (2004) and Woodman and Lurk (2004) demonstrated that spatial working memory (SWM) load Interfered concurrent visual search and that search process also impaired the maintenance of spatial information implying that visual search and SWM task both require access to the same limited-capacity mechanism. Two obvious possibilities have been suggested about what this shared limited-capacity mechanism is: common demand for attention to the locations where the items f9r the two tasks were presented (spatial attention load hypothesis), and common use of working memory to maintain a record of locations have been processed(SWM load hypothesis). To test these two hypothetical explanations, Experiment 1 replicated the mutual interference between visual search and SWM task in spite of difference of procedure with preceding researches; possible areas where the items for two tasks were presented were not separated. In Experiment 2, we presented the items for visual search either in the same quadrants where the items for SWM task had appeared (same-location rendition) or in the different quadrants (different-location condition). As a result, search efficiency was more impaired in the different-location condition than in the same-location condition. The memory accuracy was worse in the different-location rendition than in the same-location rendition. Overall results of study indicate that the mutual interference between SWM and visual search might be related to the overload of spatial attention, but not to that of SWM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.165-172
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• 2013

Convergence is increasingly prevalent in the IT world which generally refers to the combination of two or more different technologies in a single device. Especially, the spectrum scarcity is becoming a big issue because there are exponential growth of broadcasting and communication systems in the spectrum demand. Cognitive radio (CR) is a convergence technology that is envisaged to solve the problems in wireless networks resulting from the limited available spectrum and the inefficiency in the spectrum usage by exploiting the existing wireless spectrum opportunistically. However, the very process of convergence is likely to expose significant security issues due to the merging of what have been separate services and technologies and also as a result of the introduction of new technologies. The main purpose of this research is focused on devising an adaptive security framework based on carousel for CR networks as a distinct telecommunication convergence application, which are still at the stage of being developed and standardized with the lack of security concerns. The framework uses a secure credential, named as carousel, initialized with the location related information from objects position, which is used to design security mechanisms for supporting privacy and various securities based on it. The proposed adaptive security framework could be used as a security building block for the CR network standards and various convergence applications.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2015

Organic solvents are known toxic effects like vertigo, behavioral obstacle, distracting, and peripheral neuropathy in neuron areas. However, there have been few studies how neurotoxic solvents-exposed workers are affected by the cognitive load of preceding working memory tasks. Therefore, we used fMRI as to measure the neural correlates of working memory impairment in occupational workers who had from chronic exposure to organic solvent. Twenty-nine solvent-exposed workers were included in this study. Each participant concluded the verbal N-back tasks (1- and 2-back) during the fMRI acquisition. Within-group analyses showed fronto-parietal networks were active in each condition. Direct comparisons between 1- and 2-back showed higher activation during the 2-back than 1-back. We found that increased activation of these regions at lower task demand is associated with increased cost of implementing.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2020

Objective : This study was to examine the effects of general characteristics and fall efficacy on health care program needs through a comparative analysis of general characteristics and health care program needs for the elderly. Methods : In this study, we analyzed data from 118 elderly people with t-test and ANOVA for comparison of fall effectiveness and health care program requirements and with regression for general characteristics and effects of fall effectiveness on health care program needs. Results : The results were as followed: First, there was a significant difference in gender(p=.00), age (p=.00),educational background(p=.00), and existence of spouse(p=.00), and no significant difference in income(p=.17) based on fall efficiency according to the general characteristics. There was a significant difference in gender(p=.00), age(p=.00), educational background(p=.00), and income(p=.00) and no significant difference in existence of spouse (p=.46) based on health care program needs according to the general characteristics. Second, it was shown that the higher age, the higher the income, the higher the effectiveness of the fall, and in case of woman, the more significant the effect of the exercise program had.. The explanation was 56 percent. Third, the higher the age, the higher the income, and the higher the fall efficiency, the more meaningful the cognitive program demand. The explanation was 48 percent. Conclusion : The data from this study showed the importance of fall efficacy in older people with significantly higher risk of falls than in other age groups, and the need for exercise and cognitive management programs to prevent falls.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.247-265
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• 2009

In the 21C information-based society, there is an increasing demand for emphasizing communication in mathematics education. Therefore the purpose of this study was to research how properties of communication among small group members varied by mathematical problem types. 8 fourth-graders with different academic achievements in a classroom were divided into two heterogenous small groups, four children in each group, in order to carry out a descriptive and interpretive case study. 4 types of problems were developed in the concepts and the operations of fractions and decimals. Each group solved four types of problems five times, the process of which was recorded and copied by a camcorder for analysis, among with personal and group activity journals and the researcher's observations. The following results have been drawn from this study. First, students showed simple mathematical communication in conceptual or procedural problems which require the low level of cognitive demand. However, they made high participation in mathematical communication for atypical problems. Second, even participation by group members was found for all of types of problems. However, there was active communication in the form of error revision and complementation in atypical problems. Third, natural or receptive agreement types with the mathematical agreement process were mainly found for conceptual or procedural problems. But there were various types of agreement, including receptive, disputable, and refined agreement in atypical problems.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2024

Background: This study investigated a safe and effective bolus dose and lockout time for patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with dexmedetomidine for dental treatments. The depth of sedation, vital signs, and patient satisfaction were investigated to demonstrate safety. Methods: Thirty patients requiring dental scaling were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups based on bolus doses and lockout times: group 1 (low dose group, bolus dose 0.05 ㎍/kg, 1-minute lockout time), group 2 (middle dose group, 0.1 ㎍/kg, 1-minute), and group 3 (high dose group, 0.2 ㎍/kg, 3-minute) (n = 10 each). ECG, pulse, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, end-tidal CO₂, respiratory rate, and bispectral index scores (BIS) were measured and recorded. The study was conducted in two stages: the first involved sedation without dental treatment and the second included sedation with dental scaling. Patients were instructed to press the drug demand button every 10 s, and the process of falling asleep and waking up was repeated 1-5 times. In the second stage, during dental scaling, patients were instructed to press the drug demand button. Loss of responsiveness (LOR) was defined as failure to respond to auditory stimuli six times, determining sleep onset. Patient and dentist satisfaction were assessed before and after experimentation. Results: Thirty patients (22 males) participated in the study. Scaling was performed in 29 patients after excluding one who experienced dizziness during the first stage. The average number of drug administrations until first LOR was significantly lower in group 3 (2.8 times) than groups 1 and 2 (8.0 and 6.5 times, respectively). The time taken to reach the LOR showed no difference between groups. During the second stage, the average time required to reach the LOR during scaling was 583.4 seconds. The effect site concentrations (Ce) was significantly lower in group 1 than groups 2 and 3. In the participant survey on PCS, 8/10 in group 3 reported partial memory loss, whereas 17/20 in groups 1 and 2 recalled the procedure fully or partially. Conclusion: PCS with dexmedetomidine can provide a rapid onset of sedation, safe vital sign management, and minimal side effects, thus facilitating smooth dental sedation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate the characteristics of burnout of Korean elementary school students and 2) develop and validate the Korean Academic Burnout Scale-Elementary School Students (KABS-ESS). Fifty-one behavioral descriptions of burnout extracted through a preliminary survey, focus group interview, and literature review were administered to a sample of 531 elementary students of the 4th to 6th grade in Gyeonggi Province. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated that the structure of the burnout of Korean elementary school students consists of seven factors (i.e., inefficacy, avoidance, cynicism, emotional exhaustion, physical exhaustion, antipathy and cognitive exhaustion), and this structure of final 28 items was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The KABS-ESS showed a correlation of .771 with a representative academic burnout scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, and -.561 with the academic engagement scale, indicating that both convergent and discriminant validities were confirmed. Furthermore, all fit indices of the structural equation model of the Schaufeli and Bakker's job demands-resources in an academic setting were satisfactory, and the possibility of the validity generalization of the model was supported. The demand variables predicting academic burnout and engagement were academic overload and parental pressure, while self-resilience, self-regulated learning strategies, and parental and the teacher's support were identified as the resource variables. Lastly, the implications and future direction of the present study were discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.445-454
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to present the direction of emotional lighting design of a new concept suitable for the user's living environment based on the experiment and the result of the recognition of the cognitive effect of the color of the lighting on the user's sensibility. As a research method, we collected meaningful results of color temperature and emotion of light through literature research and experimented with users in their twenties. Based on this, we presented the design direction of emotional lighting. As a result, we designed emotional lighting that can transform the shape of the four joints freely to realize the user's demand. We also derive the color temperature of light that can be optimized for the user's work and environment, Concentration, mood, and relaxation. The result of this paper is meaningful and worthy of suggesting emotional lighting design with user - oriented new perspective, deviating from previous method of planning lighting.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

With the increase of the elderly population, demand for improvement of quality of life and measurement of mental state has increased. However, much of the self-reported diagnosis does not reflect cognitive impairment. This study aims to measure the dwelling depression by applying K-HTP and verify the validity. 301 persons over 65 years old who live as single and couple households in Daejeon and surrounding districts were surveyed during 22 January to 2 February, 2018. The correlations between the dwelling depression and K-HTP are clarified and the validity was evaluated. The correlations between the geriatric dwelling depression index(GDDI) and the GDDI based on K-HTP(GDDI-K) are clarified and the accuracy was analyzed. The results showed that the K-HTP can be utilized to measure the dwelling depression. We suggested a new measurement tool and provide further benefits for researches on diagnoses using the projective method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 2014

Recently, there has been demand for the convergence of IT (Information and communication Technologies, ICT) with defense, as has already been achieved in civilian fields such as healthcare and construction. It is expected that completely new and common requirements would emerge from the civilian and military domains and that the shape of war field would change rapidly. Many military scientists forecast that future wars would be network-centric and be based on C4I(Command, Control, Communication & Computer, Intelligence), ISR(Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance), and PGM(Precision Guided Munitions). For realizing the smart defense concept, IT should act as a baseline technology even for simulating a real combat field using virtual reality. In this paper, we propose the concept of IT-based smart defense with a focus on accurate detection in real and cyber wars, effective data communication, automated and unmanned operation, and modeling and simulation.