• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.20-44
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• 2003

Schizophrenics suffer not only psychotic symptoms but also cognitive deficits such as an attentional difficulty, memory impairment, poor abstraction, etc. These cognitive abnormalities have been reported to be significantly related to the social and occupational outcome in schizophrenia. Thus, it is important to explore the cause and pathophysiology for the cognitive abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. In this regard, hippocampus is one of the most promising brain areas to search for the clue because it is closely involved in memory related function. In fact, during the past several decades, there have been extensive studies supporting hippocampal abnormalities as a cause of schizophrenia in both clinical and preclinical field. In this review, basic anatomical knowledge about hippocampus and major findings of preclinical and clinical studies which investigated the correlation between schizophrenia and hippocampus were highlighted. The contents are 1) anatomical structure of hippocampus, 2) neuronal pathway and receptor distribution in hippocampus, 3) function of hippocampus, 4) hippocampal animal model for schizophrenia, 5) hippocampus-related studies on antipsychotic drugs, and 6) clinical studies in hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.117-134
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• 2004

This study suggests a data driven optimization approach, which simulates the models of human learning processes from cognitive sciences. It shows how the human learning processes can be simulated and applied to solving combinatorial optimization problems. The main advantage of using this method is in applying it into problems, which are very difficult to simulate. 'Undecidable' problems are considered as best possible application areas for this suggested approach. The concept of an 'undecidable' problem is redefined. The learning models in human learning and decision-making related to combinatorial optimization in cognitive and neural sciences are designed, simulated, and implemented to solve an optimization problem. We call this approach 'SLO : simulated learning for optimization.' Two different versions of SLO have been designed: SLO with position & link matrix, and SLO with decomposition algorithm. The methods are tested for traveling salespersons problems to show how these approaches derive new solution empirically. The tests show that simulated learning for optimization produces new solutions with better performance empirically. Its performance, compared to other hill-climbing type methods, is relatively good.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

This paper is to clarify a cognitive structure and behaviors of the green environment creation in the Western-Style residential areas. The followings are the results of analysis; 1) Regarding the outside space of houses, yard and garden are differently recognized. While various behaviors are carried out in the yard, the garden is recognized as a space to construct green environment. 2) Most residents of Western-Style houses construct the outside space as a green space, and grow plants and flowers to enjoy their beauties. However they have introvert view of green environment. 3) The roles of outside space use are classified into four groups, the cognitive structures on the green environment creation are different from group to group.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1997

Cognitive psychology has provided valuable theoretical perspectives on learning mathematics. Based on the metaphor of the mind as an information processing device, educators and psychologists have developed detailed models of competence in a variety of areas of mathematical skill and understanding. Unquestionably, these models are an asset in thinking about the curriculum we want our students to follow. But any psychological paradigm has aspects of learning and knowledge that it accounts for well, and others that it accounts for less well. For instance, the paradigm of cognitive science gives us valuable models of the knowledge we want our students to acquire; but in picturing the mind as a computational device it reduces us to conceiving of learning in individualist terms. It is less useful in helping us develop effective learning communities in our classrooms. In this paper I review some of the significant accomplishments of cognitive psychology for mathematics education, and some of the directions that situated cognition theorists are taking in trying to understand knowing and learning in terms that blend individual and social perspectives.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2024

This study aims to summarize the effects of Arduino-based educational programs through a meta-analysis. Eleven eligible primary studies were obtained through a systematic literature review and coded accordingly. The results are as follows: The meta-analysis revealed that the overall effect size for all the studies was 0.518. Analysis of the moderator variables indicated statistically significant differences between them. Regarding the learning domains, the results were ranked in descending order of the cognitive and affective domains. Within the cognitive domain, the effect sizes were ranked in descending order as follows: logical thinking, content knowledge, convergence competency, self-efficacy, computational thinking, and creative problem-solving skills. In terms of subject areas, the descending order of effect sizes was agriculture, STEAM, environmental science, practical arts, artificial intelligence, informatics, and computers. Regarding school level, the results were ranked in the following descending order: college, elementary school, middle school, and high school.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.31-41
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• 2018

Objective: This study was to develop computerized screening test items for mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Through literature reviews, items from computerized tests for screening mild cognitive impairment were extracted. A panel of professional experts validated that the items were important and fit to screen for mild cognitive impairment. Results: A total 37 items were extracted from 12 computerized tests and 11 new items were added through the first panel review. After that, 18 items were removed via the second panel review. Finally, 16 items were selected by analyzing content validity ratio. 16 items consisted of memory, attention, and executive function areas. Conclusions: A total of 16 computerized test items were developed. It is urgent to validate them to screen mild cognitive impairment. Moreover, standardization studies for this test are required in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

The subjects were 500 college students in 7 provincial areas for the study on the structural relation among professors' core competency, college students' cognitive learning competency and life competencies. The statistical methods of this study were as follows: frequency analysis, descriptive statistic analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structure equation model analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, the lifelong learning educators' college students recognized core competency significantly affects on the college students' life competencies. Second, the lifelong learning educators' core competency significantly affects on the college students' cognitive learning competency. Third, the college students' cognitive learning competency significantly affects on life competencies. Fourth, the college students' cognitive learning competency has a significant mediating effect between the lifelong learning educators' core competency and the college students' life competencies. In other words, the lifelong learning educators' core competency based on the college students' cognitive learning competency has great effect on life competencies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to systematically review the correlation between hand dexterity and cognitive function in the elderly, and summarize various evaluation tests and results analysis methods for manual dexterity tests applied to this population. Methods : We searched published studies in the Korean Studies Information Service System and PubMed databases from January 2013 to March 2023. The main keywords used were "dexterity," "fine motor," "elderly," "cognitive function," and "correlation." A total of 10 studies were selected for analysis from the 1,524 searched articles. The included studies consisted of a cohort study, a longitudinal study, and eight cross-sectional studies which were analyzed for patients, intervention, comparison, and outcomes. Results : Analyzing the qualitative level of 10 studies, 8 articles (80%) were non-randomized two-group studies that provided level II evidence whereas the remaining 2 studies (20%) were non-randomized single-group studies (level III evidence). Therefore, these results indicated that the level of evidence in this field is generally high. The Purdue pegboard test was the most commonly used evaluation test for manual dexterity, and velocity speed was the most frequently employed analysis method. Results indicated that there were significant differences in manual dexterity test between the normal elderly, those with mild cognitive impairment, or dementia. Conclusions : These results can be used as a basis for selecting dexterity test evaluation items and methods to analyze it in the elderly while screening for cognitive impairment. In addition, this study highlights potential areas for future research on the development of manual dexterity evaluation tools and techniques for analysis and the need for more reliable and valid methods for assessing cognitive function in the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.393-403
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of cognitive impairment for the elders taking part in activities at senior community center and to identify the multiple factors affecting the cognitive dysfunction of them. Data were collected for the 375 elders taking part in activities at senior community center at 4 different areas of dong, up, and myun of C-city from June 2016 to July 2016, and their general characteristics as well as health-related characteristics, depression, and cognitive dysfunction were investigated and analyzed. The results of this study showed that cognitive dysfunction was affected by the age, education, economic support, history of stroke, and exercise. The risk of cognitive dysfunction was 3.50 times higher in patients over 80 years old than patients below 74 years old(p=.002), and the lower the level of education showed the higher the risk of cognitive dysfunction(p=.036)(p<.001). In addition, the risk of cognitive dysfunction was low in the absence of a history of stroke(p=.033), and the risk of cognitive dysfunction increased by 1.84 times if they do not exercise(p=.044). Based on the present study, It is required to consider the risk factors for cognitive dysfunction efforts to prevent and manage cognitive impairment before the onset of cognitive dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1535-1547
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• 2008

The purpose of this research Is to inquire into the aspects of consumers' perception of age and their lifestyle and to reveal the effect of variability in spending behaviors themselves. A survey was carried out regarding the consumers of the new elderly generation aged 55 and above. 561 respondents were surveyed. residing in Seoul and Metropolitan areas. Factor analysis from the exploratory reconnaissance, Cronbach's $\alpha$, K-average community and multivariate analysis, multi-recurrence and crossing analysis($\chi^2$ verified), were used for statistics analysis. In conclusion, the cognitive age only shared a marginal relationship with lifestyle, most people in their forties stood out in this part of the research. The change of the cognitive age and lifestyle of the new elderly generation is expected to be a variable in the clothing purchasing behavior in the future. As the population of the new elderly generation increases, there is a need for changing views towards the new elderly generation and there is no doubt that it is a main target within marketing trends in the elderly generation industry.