• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2001

Language is one aspect of cognition, along with attention and concentration, learning and memory, visuospatial abilities, and executive function. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of language intervention by cognitive approach on language expressive performance in a patient with conduction aphasia. This study used several tasks such as Attention and concentration task, visual memory tasks, memory tasks, categorization, divergent thinking, self-monitoring and evaluate thinking. The effects of treatment were evaluated by periodic probing of both trained and untrained familiar words in three tasks; picture naming, answering to questions and telling stories. The results showed improvements both in trained and untrained words. Therefore, we concluded that expressive language performance of this aphasic patient is amenable to this intervention, and that cognitive therapy approach can be useful.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.45-56
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• 2009

It is necessary for young children to integrate the sense of sight, hearing, touch, etc. for developing their emotion and cognition. Thanks to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development, young children have more opportunities to use various senses in learning process. However, ICT learning method is more focusing on the sense of sight and hearing, and lacks of integrated recognition and this fact leads to the reason why ICT can not be used as a main education tool. Therefore, this study evaluated the influence of wUbi-Pen(haptic device) on cognition using a computer puzzle program. The results show that young children using a haptic pen have greater intention and performance in object assembly, mazes, picture completion in K-WPPSI test than those of non-using haptic pen. This implies that haptic function should be considered in ICT material and indeed useful in various cognition-related symptoms and diseases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.777-786
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• 2020

Background: This study is a report on a case of a Wernicke's encephalopathy with quadriplegia, ataxia, and impaired cognition, whose condition was improved by Korean medicine treatment. Case report: A 51-year-old man diagnosed with Wernicke's encephalopathy was treated with acupuncture, Banhabakchulchunma-tang mixed with Ondam-tang-gami (半夏白朮天麻湯合溫膽湯加味), cupping, moxibustion, and rehabilitation. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Korean Mini Mental Status Exam (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and a numeric rating scale (NRS). After 22 days of treatment, his clinical symptoms showed improvement. The motor function improved (MMT Rt. side Gr. 4+G/4+G, Lt. side Gr. 4G/4+G → Rt. side Gr. 5-N/4+G, Lt. side Gr. 5-N/4+G), Ataxia was relieved (BBS 3→33), cognition improved (K-MMSE 15→27), ADL scores showed improvement (FIM 58→90, MBI 40→75), and the NRS score decreased for headache (3→0). Conclusion: Korean medicine treatment could be effective in the treatment of patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2006

This paper deals with human spatial cognition using visual and auditory stimulation. More specially, this investigation is to observe the relationship between the head and the eye motor system for the localization of visual target direction in space and to try to describe what is the role of right-side versus left-side pinna. In the experiment of visual stimulation, nineteen red LEDs (Luminescent Diodes, Brightness: $210\;cd/^2$) arrayed in the horizontal plane of the surrounding panel are used. Here the LEDs are located 10 degrees apart from each other. Physiological parameters such as EOG (Electro-Oculography), head movement, and their synergic control are measured by BIOPAC system and 3SPACE FASTRAK. In the experiment of auditory stimulation, one side of the pinna function was distorted intentionally by inserting a short tube in the ear canal. The localization error caused by right and left side pinna distortion was investigated as well. Since a laser pointer showed much less error (0.5%) in localizing target position than FASTRAK (30%) that has been generally used, a laser pointer was used for the pointing task. It was found that harmonic components were not essential for auditory target localization. However, non-harmonic nearby frequency components was found to be more important in localizing the target direction of sound. We have found that the right pinna carries out one of the most important functions in localizing target direction and pure tone with only one frequency component is confusing to be localized. It was also found that the latency time is shorter in self moved tracking (SMT) than eye alone tracking (EAT) and eye hand tracking (EHT). These results can be used in further study on the characterization of human spatial cognition.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in ambulatory stroke patients. This was a cross-sectional survey study of 60 patients who had survived one year or more after a stroke in community. Activities of daily living were assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FlM) and health-related quality of life using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). The association between FIM and SIS was examined using Pearson' s correlation. The FIM score was higher than the SIS score. Most domains of FIM exhibited a high rate (45-85%) of ceiling effects. However, only the communication and memory domain of SIS exhibited of ceiling effects. The correlation coefficients were .835 (p<.01) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-ADL, .257 (p<,05) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-communication, .596 (p<.01) for FIM-motor vs. SIS-social participation, .635 (p<.01) for FIM-cognition vs. SIS-memory, .369 (p<.01) for FIM-cognition vs. SIS-ADL, and .289 (p<.05) for FlM-cognition vs. SIS-social participation. In conclusion, the correlation between FIM-motor and SIS-social participation was higher than that of FlM-cognition and SIS-social participation. The domains of emotion and hand function of SIS showed no correlation coefficients with FIM-total. To examine the activities of daily living and the quality of life in ambulatory stroke patients in community, it is necessary to use both the FIM and SIS.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.904-915
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• 2021

This study is a case report of Korean medicine treatment for a patient with quadriplegia and impaired cognition as neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides. A 59-year-old man with toxic encephalopathy and hypoxic encephalopathy after the ingestion of herbicides was treated with acupuncture, Hyulbuchuko-tang mixed with Ondam-tang-gami (血府逐瘀湯合溫膽湯加味), cupping, moxibustion, and rehabilitation. Clinical symptoms were measured with the Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Korean Mini Mental Status Exam (K-MMSE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). After three months of treatment, clinical symptoms improved. The motor function improved (MMT on both sides, Gr. 3+F/4G→Gr. 4-G~4G/4+G), cognition improved (K-MMSE, 13→21), and ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scores also improved (FIM 41→74; MBI 20→63). Korean medical treatment could effectively treat neurological sequelae after ingestion of herbicides in this case.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.93-113
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• 2020

This study investigates how the users' perceptions on like function in social media affect their attitudes toward the number of likes they receive from others. People conveniently believe that the number of likes is a significant measure of their online content quality and popularity. However, we take an ambivalent view that people do not settle their perceptions on the likes but change their like assessments according to circumstances. Specifically, we propose a model wherein emotional responses to the received likes may affect the value assessment of the likes. Our model shows how people resolve their internal contradiction on the value of the likes by flipping the traditional cognition-to-emotion mechanism to emotion-to-cognition mechanism. We validate the reversed dynamics between judgements and feelings using the data collected from 548 social media users. Results confirm that social media users' attitudes toward likes is largely affected by their emotional responses to their received number of likes. The implications of this study explain social media users' ambivalent attitudes toward likes by showing how they adjust their individual like valuation using their emotional responses.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.319-336
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• 2015

Objectives: The object of this study was to evaluate the cognition and motor function recovery effects of Sungshim-san (SSS), a traditional Korean cardio-protective polyherbal formula in the severe rat stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 6 groups. SSS aqueous extracts (yield=16.82%; 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) were administered orally by using Sonde, once daily, for 28 continuous days from 24 hrs post-pMCAO. Donepezil 10 mg/kg, a representative drug for dementia, was used as a reference drug. The body weight changes, infarct/defect sizes, sensorimotor function and cognitive motor behavior were serially monitored. Limb placing and body-swing test for sensorimotor functions were conducted at 1 day before operation (base line), and 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-pMCAO; and water maze test for the cognitive motor behavior was conducted at 14 and 28 days post-pMCAO, respectively. Results: Focal cerebral cortex infarct and defects due to pMCAO resulted in marked decreases of body weight, disorders of sensorimotor functions and cognitive motor behaviors. However, the pMCAO-related ischemic damages were markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Donepezil markedly decreased the body weight and gains, as compared with pMCAO control rats; however, SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg favorably ameliorated the pMCAO-induced decreases in body weight and gains. SSS 100 mg/kg treated rats did not show any favorable effects on the pMCAO-related ischemic damages, as compared with pMCAO control rats. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that oral administration of SSS 400 and 200 mg/kg accelerated cognition and motor function recovery in the rat pMCAO model. The treatment effect was potentially mediated by neuroprotection via the known augmentation of cerebral antioxidant defense system of SSS itself or its individual herbal components. Especially, the overall effects of SSS 200 mg/kg were similar to those of donepezil 10 mg/kg, but less toxic.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2021

Purpose : This study examined the effects of an integrated management program on physical function, cognitive function, and depression in patients with subacute stroke. Methods : A nonequivalent control group design was adopted. The participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=20) or control group (n=23). The experimental group received an 8-week integrated management program and standard rehabilitation service (i.e., physical therapy and occupational therapy), while the control group received the standard rehabilitation service only. Physical function was measured as gait speed and balance ability using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Cognitive function was measured with neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination (NCSE), and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to determine changes in physical function, cognitive function, and depression over 8-weeks. Results : The interaction between group and time was significant, indicating that the experimental group showed improvement in gait speed, balance ability, cognitive function (linguistic ability, linguistic memory, reasoning), and a decrease in depression compared to the control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that the integrated management program developed herein was beneficial in restoring physical function, cognitive function, and depression in subacute stroke patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.341-346
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to provide basic data that would be helpful in planning mental health programs designed to help elderly people have a satisfying life as an elder by identifying the factors that affect cognition of urban and rural elderly people. Methods: Subjects included 160 elderly people on Daejeon and Geumsam. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection from march 2, 2011 to July 30, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis of SPSS 18.0 program were performed for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in cognition was observed between two groups(t=-2.232, p=.029). Cognition & depression didn't have correlation(urban area(r=.021, p=.860), rural area(r=.-131, p=.271)). Significant factors influencing cognition included education(t=4.069, p<.001) and age(t=-2.812, p=.001) in urban area and sex(t=-3.011, p<.001), age(t=-4.866, p<.001), education(t=3.525, p<.001) in rural area. These factors explained 26.1% and 57.2% of the variance. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest the need for development of appropriate nursing strategies depending on the difference of the environment to increase cognitive function and to decrease the incidence of depression in elderly people.