• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.158-167
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• 2018

The role of S/W in weapon systems has been developed with various functions and complex structures. As the weapon system S/W is directly related to quick and accurate decision making of users, more accurate evaluation is required during the training. However, situation awareness of weapon system S/W users has only been assessed qualitatively such as by simple test or qualitative judgement. Therefore, this study suggests the 'Cognition Ratio' concept which represents the quantitative of users by combining ACT-R cognitive architecture to SA (Situation Awareness) and Fitts' Law based on the theory of cognitive engineering. The cognition ratio is a ratio of cognition among the whole cognitive behavior process including perception and psychomotor. Moreover, this study provides a systematic assessment process of situation awareness that will be applicable to various weapon system S/W for effective assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.36
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• pp.31-39
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• 1995

This study reflected sensitivity cognition in using color and evaluated the performance in task regarded GUI environment. Largely, three experiments were conducted. First, the searching time in text environment was compared with the searching time in color environment. Second, to know relationship of hue, saturation, lightness which are factors of color, and searching time, the searching time was measured using two-way ANOVA with interaction with three independent variables: hue, saturation, and distance. Third, sensitivity cognition about color was investigated and the performance of searching task was analyzed in the environment designed by color regarded sensitivity cognition. According to statistical results, the average searching time was decreased about 50.31% in color environment. The searching time was significant among the difference of hue and saturation. For the factor of color, the more the ratio of green and red was increased, the more searching time was decreased. The more the ratio of gray was increased, the more searching time was increased. And the searching time was developed in the environment designed by color regarded sensitivity. The purpose of this study is the presentation of sensitivity realization method and verification in the reflection and application of sensitivity to the industrial environment and design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

In this study, an eye-tracking program that can confirm a design cognition process was developed for the purpose of presenting strategic methods to create fashion images, and the program was used to identify what effects fashion models' external characteristics have on the cognition of design. The data for analysis were collected through an eyemovement tracking experiment and a survey, with the focus on the research problem that differences in models' external uniformity will lead to differences in the eye movement for perceiving models and design as well as the image sensibility. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the uniformity of model types and the simplicity/complexity of design led to differences in the eye movement directed at design and models and the gaze ratio. Consequently, it is deemed that models should be selected in consideration of the characteristics of design and the intention of planning when creating fashion images. Second, it was found that in terms of the cognition of design, external conditions of models affect design sensibility. A change in models led to a subtle difference in sensibility cognition even when the design condition did not change. Thus, not only the design but also model attributes are factors that should be considered important in fashion planning.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.138-149
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• 2011

Purpose: The objective of this research was to explore levels of patient safety and safe nursing activities depending on the level of nurse staffing, in order to provide effective management of nurse personnel. Methods: The research was conducted with 455 nurses from eight hospitals in B city. Data were collected according to the level of nurse personnel from second (nurse vs. patient ratio of 2.0-2.5) to fifth (ratio of 3.5-4.0) rank. The survey tools were, 'Questionnaire on Patient Safety, a Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture developed by AHRQ (2007), and 'Questionnaire on Patient Safety Nursing Act, in which the questions were selected from nursing-related items (Medication 6 & Safety Nursing Assurance Act 4) in the Safety Evaluation developed by Evaluation Institute of Medical Institution. Data were analyzed with SPSS PC 12.0 program using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, ANCOVA and $Scheff{\grave{e}}$. Results: The nurses' overall cognition level on patient safety and safe nursing activities showed that nurses who are in the second and third rank had higher scores than those in lower ranks. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that hospitals need a higher ratio level for nurse personnel in order to assure patient safety and safe nursing activities.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2010

We have fabricated the low noise liquid helium(LHe) dewar with a different shape of thermal shield to apply the 64-channel SQUID(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) gradiometer. The first shape of thermal shield was made of an aluminum plate with a wide width of 100 mm slit and the other shape was modified with a narrow width of 20 mm slit. The two types of dewars were estimated by comparing the thermal noise and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of magnetocardiography(MCG) using the $1^{st}$ order SQUID gradiometer system cooled each dewar. The white noise was different as a point of the dewar. The noise was increased as close as the edge of dewar, and also increased at the thermal shield with the more wide width slit. The white noise of the dewar with thermal shield of 100 mm slit was 6.5 fT/$Hz^{1/2}$ at the center of dewar and 25 fT/$Hz^{1/2}$ at the edge, and the white noise of the other one was 3.5 - 7 fT/$Hz^{1/2}$. We measured the MCG using 64-channel SQUID gradiometer cooled at each LHe dewar and compared the SNR of MCG signal. The SNR was improved of 10 times at the LHe dewar with a modified thermal shield.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Measurement of magnetic signals generated from electric activity of myocardium provides useful information for the functional diagnosis of heart diseases. Key technical component of the magnetocardiography (MCG) technology is SQUID. To measure MCG signals with high signal-to-noise ratio, sensitive SQUID magnetic field sensors are needed. Present magnetic field sensors based on Nb SQUIDs have field sensitivity good enough to measure most of MCG signals. However, for accurate measurement of fine signal pattern or detection of local atrial fibrillation signals, we may need higher field sensitivity. In addition to field sensitivity, economic aspect of the SQUID system is also important. To simplify the SQUID readout electronics, the output voltage or flux-to-voltage transfer of SQUID should be large enough so that direct measurement of SQUID output can be done using room-temperature preamplifiers. Double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS), having about 10 times larger flux-to-voltage transfers than those of DC-SQUIDs, was shown to be a good choice to make the electronics compact. For effective cancellation of external noise inside a thin economic shielded room, first-order axial gradiometer with high balance, simple structure and long-baseline is needed. We developed a technology to make the axial gradiometer compact using direct bonding of superconductive wires between pickup coil and input coil. Conventional insert has mechanical support to hold the gradiometer array, and the dewar neck has equal diameter with the dewar bottom. Boiling of the liquid He can generate mechanical vibrations in the gradiometer array due to mechanical connection structure. Elimination of the mechanical support, and direct mounting of the gradiometer array into the dewar bottom can reduce the dewar neck diameter, resulting in the reduction of liquid He consumption.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.264-272
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• 2012

For understanding the tourists' characteristics of several types of ecotourism sites, we surveyed and analyzed the demographic characteristics, travel motivations and cognition of damage in Bukhansan trail, Upo marshes, Jirisan trail and Uljin Keumgang pine tree trail. The field survey were conducted through face-to-face interviews. In the case of Bukhansan trail, many people came to build up their health, so the ratio of eco-tourists and the awareness of environmental damage was low. In Upo marshes, there were many group tourists who want to enhance friendship between the colleagues. And the ratio of eco-tourists, enjoying several activities such as observation or experience about the ecosystems of wetland and bird watching appeared high, but the cognition of tourists about the damage of natural environment was low because the flatland type tour site, Upo marshes has less damage factors comparing with mountain type tour sites. In Jirisan trail, eco-tourists, nature tourists and mass tourists appeared mixed and the cognition of damage was higher than that of flatland type. In the case of Uljin Keumgang pine tree trail, almost indices showed higher values than other sites because the tourists who visited there have high cognition of eco-tourism and nature conservation by limiting entrance. Tourists were generally accepted positively the control method such as collection of entrance fee and visitor reservation system when natural damages are expected.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the utilizing of cool-season turfgrass in areas, excluding greens, of Korean golf courses. Data collected from 120 golf courses were subjected to frequency and T-test analysis using SPSSWIN. The results obtained were as follows: 1) seventy eight golf curses were utilizing cool-season turfgrass in areas except of the greens. At thirty five golf courses (46.0%) of them, the area utilized appeared tee, green collar, green approach etc. (tee>green collar>green approach). At 37 golf courses(48.7%), a mix of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass was utilized and the ratio of the mix was 70:30(v/v). At 57 golf courses(76.0%), seed sowing was utilized. 2) In Korean golf courses, the cognition of utilizing cool-season turfgrass depended on the existence of the practice. The cognition of the experienced was more´ affirmative´ than that of the inexperienced. 3) In the experienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality and good appearance and recuperative rate of cool-season turfgrass. In the inexperienced, the preference was determined by turfgrass quality god appearance. 4) The experienced recommended the mix of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass. 5) It seems that the golf courses having used cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer while the golf courses without using cool-season turfgrass have difficulties in the maintenance in summer and the selection of turfgrass variety.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to compare physicochemical, microbial, and antioxidant properties of domestic and imported wheat kernels for bread making. Two domestic (JK1, 2) and three imported (ND, DNS, and CWRS) kernels were compared. Domestic kernels had higher moisture contents, and lower ash and protein contents (p<0.05). In grain characteristics, JK1 had 13.62% of damaged kernels, which was the highest among the samples (p<0.05). JK2 was similar to imported kernels in the ratio of sound kernels, foreign materials, and damaged kernels. Kernel size of JK1, 2 was larger than the imported kernels; therefore, kernels area and perimeter were higher by the image analyzer. Domestic kernels hid lower total aerobic counts the imported kernels (p<0.05). Domestic kernels and DNS had no yeast, while NS and CWRS had yeast in kernels. DNS (3.08 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) had the highest total polyphenol content (TPC), followed by JK1 (2.81 mg GAE/g). JK2 had the lowest amount of TPC as 2.26 mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid content (TFC) was the highest in DNS as 0.44 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g and JK2 was the lowest as 0.12 mg CE/g. Domestic wheat kernels had lower protein content and lightness than the imported wheat kernels so that flour from domestic wheat kernels may have lower quality for baking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1918-1920
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• 2005

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings with their materials and external appearance makes up the urban image. But still yet, it was not easy to evaluate the value of visual landscape of buildings with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. In relation to this kind of problems, it was tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watched the urban landscape constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 10 adult males and females with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in chamber room. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ waves. The result showed that relative power of $\alpha$ wave ratio increased in natural landscape scenary clearly. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which was affected by urban color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.