• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.20-31
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• 1998

There is a need for waste recycling. This study was carried out to investigate removal efficiency of TCE in water treatment with adsorbent made from coffee grounds which obtained after extraction of coffee through hot water. The removal of TCE in synthetic Waste water using adsorbents was examined varying dose, concentration and temperature on a laboratory scale. The results were as followed 1. As much as 95% TCE remogal was possible with adsorbent made from coffee grounds at an adsorbent dose over 2.5 g/l under the test conditions. 2. The removal rate of TCE was propotional to weight of adsorbent made from coffee grounds (0.025, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 g). 3. In the effect of temperature, as temperature of wastewater was high, the rate of removal was increased. 4. Iodine number (865 mg/g) of adsorbent made from coffee grounds was not higher than that (1123 mg/g) of adsorbent made from coconut. But, in considering adsorption capacity, Iodine number was inapplicable to adsorbent made from coffee grounds. 5. Generally, Freundlich's equation applies to adsorption in wastewater. In case of TCE, slope (1/n) was 0.83, 1.06 and intercept (k) was 456.18, 405.19 at 150, 300 ppb respectively (average r=0.904, 0.933).

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.70-81
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• 2021

This study evaluated the recyclability of waste plastics in used coffee capsules disposed of as municipal waste. For recycling, a new material separation process was developed to remove the coffee grounds through primary crushing, washing, sieving, and secondary crushing, followed by corona discharge electrostatic separation. Furthermore, for the under 10 mm size fraction samples, the aluminum removal and the plastic recovery were 95.4% and 98.3%, respectively, under optimal conditions. In addition, for the 15 mm fraction samples, the aluminum removal and the plastic recovery were 91.3% and 97.2%, respectively. To evaluate the recyclability of the separated waste plastics, the samples were pelleted, and their material properties were analyzed. No hazardous substances were detected, and the results were similar to those for homo-PP. Therefore, it was confirmed tha t sufficient functiona lity existed a s recycled PP. However, owing to the da rk color of the pellets, limited applications to black or dark products are expected.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 1998

Activated coffee chars were prepared from coffee waste by chemical activation with zinc chloride. In this study, the following processes were carried out ; roasting step, carbonization step, chemical activation step, and washing and drying step. The roasting step of coffee waste was carried out at $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The optimum condition of carbonization was at $650^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The most important parameter in chemical activation of coffee char was found to be the chemical ratio of activation agents. Activated coffee chars prepared by various activation methods were characterized in terms of the nitrogen BET surface area, the BJH pore volume and pore size distribution at 77 K. The $N_2$-BET surface areas and total pore volume of coffee chars prepared by the chemical activation with $ZnCl_2$ were determined as about $1110{\sim}1580m^2/g$ and $0.51{\sim}0.81cm^3/g$, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the porosity and surface of activated coffee chars. From the results of SEM analysis, it was shown that active surface and many pores were formed after the chemical activation. The preparation of the activated coffee char from coffee waste was successfully carried out, which previews a possibility for exploitation of resources by recycling the waste.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

This study was conducted to suggest the effective management and recycling processes of coffee waste, which can be easily obtained from coffee shops and coffee-related products industries. Prior to the fabrication of pellets, the potential of coffee waste as a raw material of pellet was investigated through the examination of its chemical compositions and fuel characteristics. Major gradient included in coffee waste was holocellulose, followed by fat/oil and protein. Coffee waste contained a small quantity of ash (0.7%), such as calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Interestingly, coffee waste was easily dried probably due to its porous structure. Pellets fabricated with coffee waste and larch sawdust showed good fuel characteristics, such as moisture content, ash content, density and durability. The pellets exceed greatly the minimum requirements of $1^{st}$-grade wood pellet standard designated by National Institute of Forest Science (NIFOS). Particularly, the high calorific value of coffee waste showed the potential as a raw material of pellet. However, owing to high nitrogen and sulfur contents, coffee waste is like to be used as a raw material of wood pellet for combined heat and power plants equipped with a reduction system of $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ gases. On the other hand, 91 wt% larch sawdust and 9 wt% coffee waste are required to fabricate the $1^{st}$-grade wood pellets designated by NIFOS. Pellets fabricated with the conditions are estimated to have nitrogen content of 0.298% and sulfur content of 0.03%. Lastly, if amounts of coffee waste and sawdust in the production of wood pellets are adequately adjusted according to its purchasing price, the manufacturing cost of pellet can effectively be reduced. In addition, it is expected tp prepare the effective recycling process of waste and to relieve the environmental burden with the reduction of waste from the commercialization of coffee waste/larch pellets.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

In this study, the hydration reaction and strength characteristic of cement mortar with spent coffee ground(SCG) was investigated. As a result of the study, it was found that as the firing temperature of the SCG increased, the mass loss due to the combustion of organic matter increased, but the density increased. In addition, when the SCG were mixed, SCG interfered with the hydration reaction and the compressive strength was significantly lowered. On the other hand, the coffee grounds ash(SCG_Ash) calcined at 800 ℃ showed a hydration reaction and a compressive strength equivalent to or higher than that of OPC mortar.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

As awareness of environmental issues continues to grow, there is an escalating demand for recycling and repurposing byproducts of agricultural and food production processes and their conversion to high-value products. Coffee is the most widely consumed beverage globally; during coffee beverage processing and consumption, byproducts such as coffee silverskin (CS), spent coffee grounds (SCGs), and oil are generated. Despite containing beneficial materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, lipids, and bioactive substances, these byproducts are typically discarded in landfills or incinerated. The utilization of CS, SCGs, and oil in the development of packaging materials holds significant potentials toward the realization of a sustainable society. To this end, considerable research efforts have been dedicated to the development of high-value materials derived from coffee byproducts, including functional fillers, polymer composites, and biodegradable polymers. Notably, CS and SCGs have been employed as functional fillers in polymer composites. Additionally, lipids extracted from SCGs have been used as plasticizers for polymers and cultured with microorganisms to produce biodegradable polymers. This review focuses on the research and development of polymer/CS and polymer/SCG composites as well as cellulose extraction and utilization from CS and SCGs and its applications, oil extraction from SCGs, and cultivation with microorganisms using extracted oil for polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHA) production.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.589-598
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency with which phosphorylated spent coffee grounds (PSCG) remove cationic Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution. The pHpzc of the SCG was 6.43, but it was lowered to 3.96 in the PSCG, confirming that an acidic functional group was attached to the surface of the PSCG. According to FT-IR analysis, phosphorylation of the SCG added P=O, P-O-C (aromatic), P=OOH, and P-O-P groups to the surface of the adsorbent, and the peaks of the carboxyl and OH groups were high and broad. Also, the specific surface area, mesopore range, and ion exchange capacity increased significantly by phosphorylation. The adsorption kinetics and isothermal experiments showed that Cu(II) adsorption using SCG and PSCG was explained by PSO and Langmuir models. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of SCG and PSCG was 42.23 and 162.36 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of both SCG and PSCG was close to physical adsorption and endothermic reaction in which the adsorption efficiency increased with temperature. PSCG was very effective in adsorbing Cu(II) in aqueous solution, which has great advantages in terms of recycling resources and adsorbing heavy metals using waste materials.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

In this paper, we reported that the influence of advanced functional mineral filler calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) extracted from oyster shell waste, which are rich mineral sources of $CaCO_3$. Oyster Shells, available in abundance, have no eminent use and are commonly regarded as waste. Their improper disposal causes a significant level of environmental concern and also results in a waste of natural resources. Recycling shell waste could potentially eliminate the disposal problem, and also turn an otherwise useless waste into high value added products. Oyster shell waste calcination process to produce pure lime (CaO) which have good anti-microbial property for waste water treatment and then focuses on its current applications to treat the coffee waste and its effluents for biological treatment and utilization as a fertilizers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.443-450
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• 2019

We studied to find the optimal manufacturing conditions of coffee grounds sludge RDF with oil drying method. We expanded the lab scale to pilot scale to compare the efficiency of the oil-drying equipment and The selection of the ratio of coffee grounds and oil, the setting temperature, and the temperature change and water content with time were measured. In order to analyze the characteristics of the research results, characteristics of solid fuels produced(Coffee grounds of oil-dried) by calorimeter, TGA, combustion equipment, and combustion gas measuring instrument were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of oil to coffee grounds was 4: 1, and when the setting temperature was set to $300^{\circ}C$, the water content reached 10wt.% or less within 20 minutes. ln addition, it showed high calorific value of 6,273kcal/kg. However, coffee grounds had a similar composition to wood and showed high luminance and produced a lot of CO in combustion gas. As a result, it is considered to be unsuitable for thermoelectric power plant and camping fuel, but the initial ignition speed is high and the heat generation is high, so it is considered that it can replace the fuels for current use.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.426-433
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• 2023

Capacitor performance was considered using coffee grounds-based activated carbon produced through oil extraction and KOH activation to increase the utilization of boiwaste. Oil extraction from coffee grounds was performed by solvent extraction using n-Hexane and isopropyl alcohol solvents. The AC_CG-Hexane/IPA produced by KOH activation after oil extraction increased the specific surface area by up to 16% and the average pore size by up to 2.54 nm compared to AC_CG produced only by KOH activation without oil extraction. In addition, the pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional group of the prepared activated carbon increased with the extraction of oil from coffee grounds. In the cyclic voltage-current method measurement experiment, the specific capacitance of AC_CG-Hexane/IPA at a voltage scanning speed of 10 mV/s is 133 F/g, which is 33% improved compared to the amorphous capacity of AC_CG (100 F/g). The results show improved electrochemical properties by improving the size and specific surface area of the mesopores of activated carbon by removing components from coffee grounds oil and synergistic effects by increasing electrical conductivity with pyrrolic/pyridinic N functional groups. In this study, the recycling method and application of coffee grounds, a bio-waste, is presented, and it is considered to be one of the efficient methods that can be utilized as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.