• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

In general, the linear regression model has been used to estimate trip generation in the travel demand forecasting procedure. However, the model suffers from several methodological limitations. First, trips as a dependent variable with non-negative integer show discrete distribution but the model assumes that the dependent variable is continuously distributed between -$\infty$ and +$\infty$. Second, the model may produce negative estimates. Third, even if estimated trips are within the valid range, the model offers only forecasted trips without discrete probability distribution of them. To overcome these limitations, a poisson model with a assumption of equidispersion has frequently been used to analyze count data such as trip frequencies. However, if the variance of data is greater than the mean. the poisson model tends to underestimate errors, resulting in unreliable estimates. Using overdispersion test, this study proved that the poisson model is not appropriate and by using Vuong test, zero inflated negative binomial model is optimal. Model reliability was checked by likelihood test and the accuracy of model by Theil inequality coefficient as well. Finally, marginal effect of the change of socio-demographic characteristics of households on trips was analyzed.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.134-143
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• 2019

Purpose: This methodological study was conducted to test the reliability and validity of an instrument that measures attitudes of advance directives (ADs) among nurses. Methods: 1) Sixteen items related to attitudes in the English version of the Knowledge, Attitudinal, and Experiential Survey on Advance Directives (KAESAD) were forward/backward translated into Korean. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (three nursing professors and eight hospice nursing specialists). 3) The preliminary 12 items were selected as a tool to assess the Korean version of Nurses' Attitudes towards Advance Directives (NAAD-K). 4) The instrument was validated by a survey (n=216). 5) It was confirmed to use the 12 items for the final version of the instrument. Results: NAAD-K was shown to be valid in terms of factors, items and content. The three factors extracted from the factor analysis were named as follows: Caring for patients with an AD (factor 1), nurses' role in informing patients (factor 2) and patient right (factor 3). The three factors explained total variance 57.796%. Factor loadings of the 12 items ranged from 0.47 to 0.93. For the 12 items, Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, and Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.78. Conclusion: This instrument was identified to be applicable with satisfactory reliability and validity for further use in measuring nurses' attitudes towards ADs in hospice and palliative care.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.357-365
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• 2019

This study was conducted to identify correlations in clinical nurses' personality, resilience and happiness index to provide basic resources for nurses' happiness at work. Methods: From May 1 to 15, 2019, self-report questionnaires were distributed and collected from 307 of clinical nurses in 10 hospitals located in P-metropolitan city and K-province. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Analysis of Variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression, conducted using IBM SPSS/WIN 24.0. Mean scores were nurses' personality 3.67, resilience 3.28, and happiness index 3.28. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: clinical experience, type of work, and leisure activities and a positive correlation between personality and resilience, between personality and happiness index and between happiness index and resilience. Happiness index was influenced by clinical experience 'Less than 1-5' (${\beta}=-.41$), '${\geq}10$' ${\beta}=-.39$), 'Less than 5-10' (${\beta}=-.34$), resilience (${\beta}=.35$), personality (${\beta}=.29$), type of work '3 shifts' (${\beta}=.12$), leisure activities (${\beta}=.10$). Explanatory power of these variables was 41%. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, so it is necessary to operated the career management, work management, personality training, support for resilience promotion program and leisure activities in order to increase the happiness index of hospital nurses.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2023

This study used intersubject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA) to identify participant-response consistency patterns in previously published data. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to detect any variations in the conditions of each experiment. In each experiment, a combination of ASMR stimulation, visual and auditory stimuli, and time-series emotional video stimulation was employed, and emotional ratings and physiological measurements were collected in accordance with the respective experimental conditions. Every pair of participants' measurements for each stimulus in each experiment was correlated using Pearson correlation coefficient as part of the IS-RSA. The results of study revealed a consistent response pattern among participants exposed to ASMR, visual, and auditory stimuli, in contrast to those exposed to time-series emotional video stimulation. Notably, the ASMR experiment demonstrated a high level of response consistency among participants in positive conditions. Furthermore, both auditory and visual experiments exhibited remarkable consistency in participants' responses, especially when subjected to high arousal levels and visual stimulation. The findings of this study confirm that IS-RSA serves as a valuable tool for summarizing and presenting multidimensional data information. Within the scope of this study, IS-RSA emerged as a reliable method for analyzing multidimensional data, effectively capturing and presenting comprehensive information pertaining to the participants.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate perception of good death among the community-dwelling elderly and identify factors related to the perception. Methods: A questionnaire survey was carried out using a convenient sampling method (N=317). Data were analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Participants scored an average of 3.35 on a 4-point scale for the perception level of good death. They scored higher on the factor of personal control that other factors affecting the perception. Good death was positively correlated with family support (r=0.252). Family support (${\beta}$=0.287) and gender (${\beta}$=0.197) significantly influenced the elderly's perception of good death. These variables accounted for 10.2% of the total variance. Conclusion: The results show that family support is an important factor for the perception of good death among the elderly. Therefore, family support should be carefully considered to ensure good death for more senior citizens. Our findings can be utilized to support programs such as death education for the elderly.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-455
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• 2017

We investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) to provide a consumer-oriented quality index. Oriental melon fruits were harvested at 20, 25, or 30 days after fruit set (DAFS), and each group was sorted by size (small, medium, and large). Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS had higher CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values, higher soluble solids content (SSC), and lower CIE $L^*$, firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) values than fruits harvested at 20 DAFS. Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS scored more highly for overall acceptance. A significant correlation was found between physicochemical characteristics and overall acceptance. In the delayed-harvest sample, increased sweetness and yellowness, and decreased sensorial texture were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. In principal component analysis, F1 and F2 explained 62.16% and 17.91% of the total variance (80.07%), respectively. Regression analysis of overall acceptance and F1 gave a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.87. Our results show that consideration of the physicochemical characteristics (CIE value, SSC, pH, SSC/TA ratio, and firmness) and sensory characteristics (yellowness, placenta area condition, oriental melon odor, sweetness, oriental melon flavor, texture, and off odor) of oriental melon in this way can be used as quality indices to predict consumer acceptance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

This study examined the influence of problem solving ability, communication skill and self-efficacy on clinical competence of nursing students. The research subjects were 184 grade 4 nursing students in D and G city. Data were collected from September 1 to September 10, 2016 and analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the IBM SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. The results showed that the problem solving ability was 3.60, communication skill was 3.79, and self-efficacy was 3.45. The clinical competence was positively correlated with problem solving ability, communication skill and self-efficacy. Problem solving ability (${\beta}=0.283$, p<0.001), self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.249$, p<0.001), motivation for nursing (${\beta}=0.182$, p=0.002), communication skills (${\beta}=0.176$, p=0.016), and interpersonal relationships (${\beta}=0.101$, p=0.082) explained 42.8% of the total variance in clinical competence of nursing students. The most significant predictors of clinical competence were problem solving ability, followed by self-efficacy and communication skills. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an empowerment program to improve problem solving ability, self-efficacy and communication skills of nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

This study examined the effects of self-efficacy, standard precaution knowledge, and awareness on the performance of nursing students. Data collection was May 1-30, 2019, and the final 246 replies were used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program using descriptive statics and a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The average self-efficacy score was 3.23±0.39. The overall standard precaution knowledge, average awareness, and average performance were 15.87±2.17, 4.63±0.46, and 4.73±0.32, respectively. The standard precaution performance, according to the general characteristics, was not significant. A positive correlation was observed between the standard precaution performance and self-efficacy (r=.266, p<.001) and awareness (r=.435, p<.001). Regression analysis showed a 21.3% variance in the nursing student's standard precaution performance with self-efficacy (β=.396, p<.001), awareness (β=.180, p=.002). A follow-up survey of the factors influencing nursing student's standard precaution performance and the development of a program will be required.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

This study was conducted by empirically analyzing the relation between effects of positive emotional response of female customers, who have at some point consumed food at Korean restaurants in Busan, and behavioral intention according to their food service consumption propensity. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the questionnaire survey was performed from March $10^{th}$ to $25^{th}$, and frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and SEM (structure equation model) were conducted by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS for 248 questionnaires. As a result of an exploratory factor analysis, five factors were confirmed. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR) were confirmed as .508 to .665 and .905 to .946 respectively, which proved the convergent validity. In a hypothesis test, Hypothesis 1 was determined that the food service consumption propensity positively effects on emotional response. The results were as follows: the taste driven (${\beta}$=.325, t=3.907, p<.001), the health driven (${\beta}$=.190, t=2.688, p<.001), and the atmosphere driven (${\beta}$=.188, t=2.515, p<.001). Therefore, Hypothesis 1 was selected. Hypothesis 1 has determined that positive emotional response beneficially affects behavioral intention. As a result of an analysis, the standardized path coefficient was (${\beta}$=.496, t=6.388, p<.001), so Hypothesis 1 was selected. This result suggests that the taste driven factor has the biggest influence on emotional response in the food service consumption propensity for female customers, and food service business operators should strive to make a good restaurant atmosphere for customers to get positive emotional response (pleasure, comfort, satisfaction, and joy).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.628-638
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Recovery Assessment Scale in psychiatric patients. The original RAS was translated into Korean and the content was verified through back-translation procedures. This study included 142 patients who had chronic mental illness and were aged 18 or older. The subjects were assessed by using RAS-K, the 12-item Dispositional Hope Scale(DHS), the 28-item Mental Health Recovery Measure(MHRM), the 32-item Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32). In the reliability test, Crobach's a coefficient and test-retest reliabilities were 0.92 and 0.79, respectively, indicating that the RAS-K has good internal consistency. In the analysis of the concurrent validity of the RAS-K, there were significant correlations between the RAS-K and DHS(r=.675, p<0.01), and between the RAS-K and MHRM(r=.816, p<0.01), but lower correlations with symptoms and clinician-related measures of psychiatric functioning. Factor analysis resulted in a five factor solution accounting for 62.476% of the common variance. Our study indicates that the RAS-K is an appropriate instrument to assess recovery in Korean psychiatric patients.