• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.197-212
• /
• 2020

In this study, POE(Post Occupancy Evaluation) evaluation indexes were selected into six categories through the consideration of theories and prior research. Therefore, qualitative supply can be achieved through POE according to the aspect of residential environment after the quantitative supply of mixed-use apartment complex by the population concentration in Seoul due to industrialization and urbanization. As the evaluation elements, detailed survey contents were selected for livability, convenience, comfort, safety, economy, and sociality. Based on the survey contents, six elements were evaluated and analyzed using Data coding and Likert scale after surveying 12 complexes (Urban areas and non-urban areas) in Seoul. As a result of the study, six categories selected as the POE showed that importance of quality of life and safety was developed in high recognition according to high satisfaction with convenience and safety. Sociality showed the lowest satisfaction in the following order : livability, comfort, economy and sociality. Residents' sense of community, interaction with neighborhood, etc., showed low satisfaction, and it seems that it is necessary to improve and supplement the system for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. The detailed characteristics of livability showed high satisfaction of the living room, the front door and the main room which are main uses of housing, and low satisfaction in storage size. The analysis of convenience is that convenient public transportation was the highest, and educational environment and additional facilities were the lowest, showing the advantages and disadvantages of location characteristics. As a result of the analysis of comfort, satisfaction with the landscape area was low and it seems that green space is needed for the development of mixed-use apartment complex in the future. Lastly, regarding the safety, the satisfaction of the access control, the location of security office, etc. were high, however separation of circulation was low. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly separate the circulation between the residence and other facilities in the mixed-use apartment complex.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.133-137
• /
• 2017

Periodontitis is the major causation of tooth loss in the elderly population. Multiple risk factors include oral microorganisms, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and genetic factors influence periodontitis development. In this study, we conducted a replication study of using previous Korean GWAS results by examining an independent population. The study population was recruited from Mir Dental Clinic, Daegu, Korea. In total, 93 samples were evaluated from July 2016 to January 2017. The sample groups include relatively older patients (>60 years) with no periodontitis (n = 31) and relatively younger patients (range 40~60 years) with severe periodontitis (n = 62). A total of seven markers which were previously reported to be associated with periodontitis were genotyped. Among the seven SNPs, rs16846206 and rs2392510 showed a significant association by logistic regression analysis and Chi square test, respectively. The former SNP showed significant association with severe periodontitis, whereas this study also showed same tendency in which individuals with the minor allele are significantly more frequent in cases than those in controls. The SNP is located on a coding gene (SLC9C2), where the alanine residue 505 is replaced by glycine (Ala505Gly). The later SNP was significant when differed between case and control groups, but there was no significance by logistic regression analysis when controlled for age and sex as covariant. Although the study population size examined in the current study was relatively smaller compared to previous studies, our results implicated that at least the two SNPs (rs16846206 and rs2392510) might be important candidates for the further genetic study.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.913-921
• /
• 2009

Quantization is an essential method for compression of video. The quantizer can adjust the bitrate and control the picture quality. Especially, the subjective picture quality can be improved if the concerned region within a video sequence has good picture quality. In this paper, firstly a classification method according to the subjective concerned region within the video sequence is suggested. Also we propose a method that assigns the quantization step-size differentially according to the concerned region within the video. Totally subjective picture quality can be increased by appling the quantization step-size as small value relatively for the concerned region compared with the other regions. We can find the result that the proposed method gives the improved picture quality by assigning differently quantization step-size and the best improvement can be brought when the difference between maximum and minimum values of the quantization step-size in a picture is from 4 to 8.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.1009-1018
• /
• 2015

In video coding, the first frame of a GOP is encoded in intra mode which generates a larger number of bits. In addition, the first frame is used for the inter mode encoding of the following frames. Thus the intial QP for the first frame encoding affects the first frame as well as the following frames. To determine the initial QP that maximizes the PSNR of a GOP, several algorithms which uses the ratio of the PSNR of the I frame and the PSNR of P frames of a GOP have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new traffic model that can be used to determine the optimal initial QP simply and exactly in algorithms that use the PSNR ratio. We first analyze the characteristics of the PSNR ratio of I and P frames and the PSNR of a GOP, and then propose a new traffic model which can represent the characteristics and determine the optimal intial QP. It is shown by experimental results that the initial QP determination method with the proposed model can predict an optimal initial QP whose difference from the optimal value is less than 2. The proposed scheme can also generate the PSNR performance better than that of the existing JVT algorithm.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1995

An Avabidofsis thaliana gene encoding phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase is shown to be the gene that is defective in blue fluorescent trp 1 mutant plants. This gene, named PAT1, coding region is homologous to those for the phosphoribosyl anthranilate transferase from many microorganisms. This is due to a defect in tryptophan biosynthesis that leads to an accumulation of anthranilate, a fluorescent intermediate in the tryptophan pathway. PAT1 is a single-copy gene that complements all of the visible phenotypes of the different trp1 mutants. Experiments to determine the regulation of the PAT1 gene are in progress. The wild-type PAT1 promoter and several promoter deletions of PAT1 gene have been transformed into Arabidopsis tryptophan mutants. These constructs might identify promoter elements that control this patterns. We have isolated the homozygous lines in T3 seeds and analysed the protein levels using PAT antibody and PAT protein level increased two fold in pHSl07. Finally, the potential of using PAT1 as a selectable marker or visible reporter of gene expression is being explored.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.82-87
• /
• 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), one kind of non-coding RNA, have been reported as critical regulators for modulating gene expression in cancer. In this study, microarray analysis was used to screen circRNA expression profiles of bladder cancer (BC) 5637 cells, T24 cells and normal control SV-HUC-1 cells. The data from the microarray showed that hsa_circ_0075828 (named circCASC15) was most highly expressed in 5637 and T24 cells. circCASC15 was highly expressed in BC tissues and cells. Overexpression of circCASC15 was closely associated with BC tumor stage and promoted cell proliferation significantly in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circCASC15 could act as miR-1224-5p sponge to activate the expression of CREB1 to promote cell proliferation in BC. In short, circCASC15 promotes cell proliferation in BC, which might be a new molecular target for BC diagnosis and therapy.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2000

High production of milk and its components are necessary to allow maximal growth of developing piglets. In this study, transgenic pigs were produced containing the $\alpha$-lactalbumin gene, whose product is a potential limiting component in the production of milk. Two lines of transgenic pigs were produced to analyze the effects that overproduction of the milk protein $\alpha$-lactalbumin may have on milk production and piglet growth. Transgenic pigs were produced through microinjection of the bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin gene. The gene construct contained 2.0 kb of 5 flanking region, the 2.0 kb coding region and 329 bp of 3 flanking region. Sows hemizygous for the transgene produced as much as 0.9 g of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin per liter of pig milk. The production of the bovine protein caused approximately a 50 % increase in the total $\alpha$-lactalbumin concentration in pig milk throughout lactation. The concentration of bovine $\alpha$-lactalbumin was highest on day 0 and 5 of lactation and decreased as lactation progressed. The ratio of bovine to porcine $\alpha$-lactalbumin changed during the sow's lactation. This ratio was 4.3 to 1 on day 0 of lactation, but by day 20 of lactation the ratio was 0.43 to 1. This suggested that the bovine transgene and the endogenous porcine gene were under slightly different control mechanisms. The higher level of total $\alpha$-lactalbumin present on day 0 of lactation was correlated with higher lactose percentage on day 0 in transgenic sows (3.8 %) as compared to controls (2.6 %) (P < 0.01). Although there was also a trend for higher lactose percentage in transgenic sows on day 5 and 10 of lactation, no significant differences were observed. These data suggest that $\alpha$-lactalbumin is limiting early in lactation of swine. Furthermore, higher concentrations of $\alpha$-lactalbumin early in lactation may boost milk output.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2001

Previous work has identified that only the catabolite responsive element A (creA; previously called cre-2) out of two potential cre sequences (cre-1: nucleotide +160 to +173 and cre-2: +173 to +186), recognized within the coding region of the xylanaseA gene (xynA) of Bacillus stearothermophilus No.236, was actually, was actually involved in the carbon catabolite repression(CCR) of xynA expression in B. subtilis. However, the level of CCR of xynA expression in the original B.stearothermophilus No.236 strain (70-fold repression). Therefore, to search for an additional cre element in the promoter region, the upstream region of the xynA gene was subcloned by chromosome walking, and as a result, another potential cre element (nucleotide -124∼-137; designated creB) was recognized in this region. The cre-like sequence revealed a high homology to the cre consensus sequence. The xylanase activity of B. subtilis MW15 bearing pWPBR14 (containing creA and creB) cultured in a medium containing xylose as the sole carbon source was about 7.7 times higher than that observed for the same culture containing glucose. B. subtilis MW15 bearing pWPBR23 (containing only creA) produced an activity about 2.4 times higher. This pattern of CCR was confirmed using derivatives of xynA::aprA fusion plasmids. Furthermore, a measurement of the amounts of the xynA transcript showed a similar pattern as that for the production of xylanase. In addition, the synthesis of xylanase in B. subtilis QB7115 [a catabolite control protein A (ccpA) mutant strain] carrying pWPBR14 was almost completely relieved from glucose repression. Together, these results lead to a conclusion that the CCR of the expression of the xynA gene is mediated by CcpA binding at creA and creB sites in B. subtilis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 1995

In order to develope baculovirus expression vector system, we constructed new transfer vector of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The promoter region containing only adenine of translation start codon of polyhedrin gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction technique. And the 5' and 3' leader regions of polyhedrin gene was sequentially cloned. The polyhedrin coding gene was deleted from the ＋2 to the ＋597 position. As the result, we constructed new transfer vector which has EcoRI, SacI and KpnI sites for the cloning sites of foreign gene. New transfer vector was named as pBmKSKl. Escherichia coli $\beta$-galactosidase gene as foreign gene was inserted into pBmKSKl, under the control of the polyhedrin promoter and expressed in B. mori cells. The result showed that the new transfer vector pBmKSK1 is functional.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2013

Objective : Cerebral aneurysm (CA) is an important acquired cerebrovascular disease that can cause catastrophic results. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, playing essential roles in modulating basic physiologic and pathological processes. Currently, evidences have been established about biologic relationship between miRNAs and abdominal aortic aneurysms. However, biologic roles of miRNAs in CA formation have not been explained yet. We employed microarray analysis to detect and compare miRNA expression profiles in late stage of CA in rat model. Methods : Twenty-six, 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a CA induction procedure. The control animals (n=11) were fed a normal diet, and the experimental animals (n=26) were fed a normal diet with 1% normal saline for 3 months. Then, the rats were sacrificed, their cerebral arteries were dissected, and the five regions of aneurysmal dilation on the left posterior communicating artery were cut for miRNA microarrays analysis. Six miRNAs (miRNA-1, miRNA-223, miRNA-24-1-5p, miRNA-551b, miRNA-433, and miRNA-489) were randomly chosen for validation using real-time quantitative PCR. Results : Among a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, 14 miRNAs were over-expressed more than 200% and 6 miRNAs were down-expressed lower than 50% in the CA tissues. Conclusion : The results show that miRNAs might take part in CA formation probably by affecting multiple target genes and signaling pathways. Further investigations to identify the exact roles of these miRNAs in CA formation are required.