• 한국조리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2013

본 연구는 다양한 영양성분을 가지고 있는 대구뼈에 토마토 첨가량(0, 2, 4, 6, 8%)을 달리하여 대구뼈 육수를 개발하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 토마토 첨가량이 증가할수록 염도, 당도, a, b 값과 Mg, K, Ca의 함량은 높아졌고, 반면에 수분, pH, L값과 Na 함량은 낮아졌다. 14종의 아미노산이 검출되었으며, 토마토 6%를 첨가한 대구뼈 육수의 총 아미노산 함량이 가장 높았다. 특성차이검사 결과 토마토 첨가량이 증가할수록 색의 강도, 구수한 향, 토마토의 향, 토마토의 맛, 감칠맛과 후미는 유의적으로 강하다고 평가되었다. 기호도 검사 결과 외관, 향, 맛, 텍스처와 전체적인 기호도에서 토마토 6%를 첨가한 것이 가장 선호되었다. 따라서 대구뼈 육수의 최적의 토마토 첨가비율은 6%임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2013

In this study, cod bone were used as the main ingredient of a stock that can be eaten with Korean dried noodles. The stock was produced with heating for 30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 minutes using high-pressure extraction methods. Moisture content, chromaticity, pH, sugar content, salinity, mineral contents, quantitative analysis, and overall acceptance were studied to determine the optimal heating time. In our result, S1 the showed highest water contents 98.10%, while S5 showed the lowest moisture content (97.47%). There were no significant difference in pH between samples, while salinity and sugar content increased with increases in heating time. In terms of mineral contents, sodium and potassium showed proportional difference with increases in heating time, however, magnesium, calcium, and iron did not change. The results from a quantitative analysis test showed that transparency, fishy smell, delicate flavor, savory flavor, salt taste, and umami taste became stronger with increases in heating time increase. From the above results, the overall taste of the stock increases with increases in high-pressure heating time. Specifically, S4 high-pressure heating scored the highest on appearance, flavor, taste, after-taste, and overall acceptance. Thus, 60 minutes of high-pressure heating time is most desirable when producing stock with cod bones as a main ingredient.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 대구뼈를 이용하여 열수추출방식으로 육수를 제조하는 것이었다. 제조한 육수의 이화학적 검사(수분함량, pH, 염도, 당도, 무기질), 관능검사(묘사분석, 기호도 검사)를 통해 열수추출방식을 이용한 대구육수 제조의 표준 제조법을 알아보고자 하였다. 수분함량은 가열시간 증가 시 유의적(p<0.001)으로 낮아졌으며, 색도는 이와 반대되는 경향을 보였다. pH는 30분 가열시료인 CS1이 가장 낮았고, CS5가 가장 높았다. 염도와 당도는 육수의 가열시간이 길어질수록 유의적(p<0.001)으로 증가하였다. 대구육수의 무기질 중 Na은 137.87~154.17 mg으로 함량이 가장 높았으며, Mg와 Fe는 가열시간이 길어짐에 따라 비례적으로 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 대구육수의 무기질 중 Na, Mg, Fe의 함량은 가열시간이 따라 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었으나, K, Ca은 비례적인 변화가 없었다. 대구육수의 관능검사 중 묘사분석 결과, 육수색의 강도, 투명도, 비린 냄새와 구수한 냄새, 짠맛, 감칠맛은 가열시간이 길어질수록 유의적(p<0.001)인 차이를 보이며 강하게 평가되었다. 그러나 시원한 맛은 CS4가 가장 강하게 평가되었다. 대구육수의 기호도 검사결과 중 외관, 향, 맛, 뒷맛, 전체적인 기호도에서 CS4가 가장 좋은 것으로 평가되었으며, 가열시간 증가 시 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 대구육수의 제조 시 양파, 셀러리, 무, 바지락, 물, 대구뼈 등 모든 재료를 넣고 끓기 시작한 시점으로부터 60분을 가열하였을 때 무기질 등의 영양소 함량은 높으며, 기호도는 상승된 우수한 대구육수를 제조할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.499-506
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• 2012

We estimated the population size and fishing mortality of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus during the spawning season in waters off Woipo, Geoje Island, Korea, using a mark-recapture method. We marked and released 51 cod>50 cm in total length; six were recaptured by local fishermen during the period from December 15 to 31, 2009. The estimated population size was ca. 180,000 and the fishing mortality of the exploitable cod was 26%. Although we could assume a closed population due to the short survey period, we evaluated the uncertainty in the estimates by applying bootstrap resampling because the sample size was small. The estimated 95% confidence interval was 94,000-568,000 for the population size and 8-49% for fishing mortality. Our study demonstrated that the application of mark-recapture methods and bootstrap resampling can be useful in stock assessment for fisheries management in Korea, but requires a larger sample size, spatially extensive coverage, and sophisticated mark-recapture models based on a refined sampling design for reliable stock assessment and biological reference points in sustainable cod management.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.493-498
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• 2012

We derived biological reference points for Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in southeastern Korean waters by applying a yield-per-recruit analysis based on a daily simulation that adopted size-dependent fecundity, growth, and natural mortality functions. This showed that the yield per recruit of Pacific cod can be maximized at an instantaneous rate of fishing mortality (F)=0.37 $yr^{-1}$ under the current regulations, where the minimum catch size ($L_c$)=30 cm in total length (TL). The maximum economic yield was estimated to be attained at $L_c$=35-45 cm TL, if F>1 $yr^{-1}$ but at $L_c$=35-40 cm TL, if F<1 $yr^{-1}$. Despite great uncertainty in the stock assessment, to develop fisheries management plans for the sustainable exploitation of Pacific cod in southeastern Korean waters, it is necessary to estimate F using capture-recapture or other expedient methods.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

The changes of conventional clarification processe and an increase in treatment cost are required to meet increasingly stringent regulations related to the treated water quality. Although many enhanced coagulations have introduced to improve organic matter removal, the results to remove color, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic material have not been very efficient yet. In this context as new flocculation using calcium hydroxide and magnesum sulfate was carried out. The removal of waste matters such as SS, organic matter, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus contained in stock wastewater was carried out by using the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate. The flocculation was investigated as a function of coagulant dose, pH, mixing time, settling time and coagulant addition modes such as the sequential addition of the two coagulants and the simultaneous addition of them. The flocculation by the combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate was compared with that by aluminum sulfate. The mechanism of flocculation was investigated as well. About 60% of COD in stock watewater was removed by flocculation with combination of calcium hydroxide and magnesium sulfate.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1997

In this research, the synthetic livestock wastewater was prepared to study the characteristics of organic matter removal, the change of VFA production, and the amount of gas production with respect to the change of ammonium nitrogen concentration in the waste using anaerobic fixed bed process, which is an anaerobic biofilm process. The HRT and operation temperature were 1 day and $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, the characteristics of organic matter removal and the inhibitory effect on microorganism in the anaerobic process were studied on the organic loading and ammonium nitrogen concentration. The results obtained were as follows: For COD loading of $10kg/m^3$-day and five levels of ammonium nitrogen concentration ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 mg/L, organic removal efficiencies were about 81, 74, 67, 58, and 51%, and gas productions were 3,860, 3,520, 3,240, 3,020, and 2,790 ml/l-day, respectively. Average methane contents in the gas produced on COD loading of $10kg/m^3$-day was about 76%. Throughout the whole period of experiment, remaining VFA (as COD base) in the effluent was over 90% of remaining COD. This result indicated the inhibitory effect of high concentration of ammonium nitrogen through the facts that accumulated VFA was almost COD and organic removal efficiency decreased also with the increase of ammonium nitrogen. Especially, that implys which high concentration of ammonium nitrogen not only inhibits methane forming bacteria, but also acid forming bacteria.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2021

This study is to evaluate the prior economic feasibility of the off-shore fisheries stock enhancement project. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: first, offshore fisheries stock enhancement project shall be implemented by dividing them into 1st·2nd·3rd projects for efficient promotion. The 1st·2nd·3rd projects will be conducted in a total of 50 locations (the eastern sea, the western sea, the southern sea, and the jeju sea areas), and the project period per unit will be five years, which will cost 1 trillion won. Second, according to the results of the survey on public awareness, the most consumed marine species in Korea over the past year were analyzed in the order of mackerel, hairtail, squid, yellow corvina, blue crab, and cod. The dominant response to the reason for consuming marine products in Korea was healthy well-being food and safe food. In addition, 67.9% of them have hesitated to purchase offshore fish species over the past year due to high prices, indicating that they are burdened by high prices. On the other hand, 79% of the respondents said that the government's policy was insufficient, according to a survey on whether the government's coastal marine resource creation policy was sufficient. Third, as a result of preliminary economic analysis of offshore fisheries stock enhancement project, the benefit-cost ratio is 4.01, net present price is 1,283.7 billion won, and internal rate of return is 91.7% per year, which means that the economic analysis ensures the feasibility of the projects. The results of this study provide useful information on securing or organizing budgets for offshore fisheries stock enhancement project by securing economic feasibility as a national infrastructure project that increases fishery income and public benefits such as consumption of marine products.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.425-428
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• 2002

This study has been carried out to analized of long term changes of water quality with regard to main pollutant sources in agricultural reservoirs on the basis of data during 1996-2001. The major source was domestic wastewater(DWW) and water pollution by non-point sources(NPS) is increasing as time goes. It was determined that Seasonly average values of DWW were pH $7.6{\sim}8.7$, COD $7.0{\sim}9.4$, T-N $0.74{\sim}2.07$, T-P $0.05{\sim}0.62$, Live-stock wastewater(LWW) were pH $7.5{\sim}8.9$, COD $5.5{\sim}9.8$, T-N $0.57{\sim}1.91$, T-P $0.04{\sim}0.13$, NPS were pH $7.1{\sim}8.3$, COD $3.1{\sim}5.2$, T-N $0.29{\sim}1.44$, T-P $0.02{\sim}0.07$. Fluctuation of DWW and LWW were very wide and variable long term patterns of them were similar. Trophic states by Carlson Index of DWW and LWW was classified as eutrophic to hypretrophic from chl-a, T-P concentration.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.327-331
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• 2005

The study was conducted with two laboratory biological aerated filter (BAF) reactors: denitrification filter (DF) and nitrification BAF. The influent flow (Q) was fixed to 48 L/d and total empty bed contact time (EBCT) was 1 hr. The flow direction was upflow with NRCY of 1 to 2Q. The secondary effluent was fed to the reactors and the influent concentrations were adjusted with some stock solutions to simulate by-pass concentration during rainfall. The study results indicate that COD and SS removal efficiencies were excellent and not influenced by temperature. Nitrification efficiency was over 90% at the influent loading less than $1.12kg/media\;m^3/d$, but the efficiencies were decreased in low temperature. TN removal efficiencies were 10% to 60%.