• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.721-728
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• 2006

The objective of the study was to analyze the contents and fatty acid compositions in the extracted fats from selected commercial ice creams and ice cream-related products. Seventy four ice creams and ice cream-related products were collected from local stores: 22 regular 'ice creams', 10 premium 'ice creams', 22 'ice milks', 4 'sherbets', 11 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 5 'non-milk product ice creams'. Contents and fatty acid compositions of the fats in the ice creams and ice cream-related products were analyzed. Fat contents in regular 'ice creams', premium 'ice creams' and 'ice milks' were $5{\sim}11%,\;13{\sim}17%\;and\;2{\sim}10%$, respectively. 'Sherbets', 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 'non-milk product ice creams' contained $2{\sim}7%,\;4{\sim}11%\;and\;1{\sim}2%$ fats, respectively. Fats extracted from 14 regular 'ice creams', all of the premium 'ice creams' and 11 'ice milks' contained $63{\sim}75%$ saturated fatty acids and $2{\sim}5%$ trans fatty acids. Their fatty acid compositions were similar to those in milks and butter. However, fats from 8 regular 'ice creams' and 11 'ice milks' contained $11{\sim}28%\;and\;11{\sim}34%$ lauric acid, respectively. Since these levels of lauric acid were 3 times more than in milk or butter, other fats along with milk fat might be used for manufacturing these' ice creams' and 'ice milks'. Out of these 19 products, only 5 products were labelled as 'coconut oil' or 'refined oil' as well as milk fat being used. Fats extracted from 'sherbets', 'non-milk-fat ice creams' and 'non-milk product ice creams' contained $81{\sim}92%,\;76{\sim}99%\;and\;84{\sim}99%$ saturated fatty acids, respectively. Lauric acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the fats of these products, being $33{\sim}34%,\;17{\sim}45%\;and\;27{\sim}46%$ of the total fatty acids, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1627-1634
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• 2014

The recipe for sujeonggwa, a Korean traditional sweet drink containing cinnamon, ginger, sugar, or honey, was modified by replacing sugar with alternative sweeteners [stevia or short-chain frutooligosaccharide (scFOS)] in order to improve the health functionality of sujeonggwa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of modified sujeonggwa on lipid peroxidation and oxidized DNA damage in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic ApoE knockout mice. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in 6-week-old male mice by administration of a high cholesterol diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 10% coconut oil) for 4 weeks, after which mice were divided into five groups: sucrose solution-fed control group, sujeonggwa containing sucrose group, sucrose+stevia group, sucrose+stevia+scFOS group, and commercially available sujeonggwa group as a positive control. After 6 weeks, sujeonggwa supplementation resulted in reduced hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), regardless of sweetener type. However, reduction of hepatic TBARS by commercially available sujeonggwa was insignificant. Both endogenous and $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes and splenocytes were significantly reduced only in the sujeonggwa containing stevia group compared to the sucrose-fed control group. There were no significant effects of sujeonggwa supplementation on total radical trapping potential, lipid peroxidation, or DNA damage in blood. These results suggest that sujeonggwa has protective effects against hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in hepatocytes or splenocytes from diet-induced hypercholesterolemic ApoE knockout mice, and the type of sweetener should be modified to improve the health benefits of sujeonggwa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.300-307
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• 1997

The effects of Aster scaber and Ixeris dentata on cadiovascular system in hyperlipidemic rats were examined. Five groups of thirty Sprague Dawley rats were fed with the diet contained 1% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate, 10% coconut oil and 5% lard(control group) for 4 weeks. Each experimental diet group was added with 5% plant powder or extract of the 5% plant powder by dry weight. Contractile or relaxation responses in the isolated artria and thoracic aortae were measured and the morphological changes of the aortic endotherium from the rats fed the experimental diet were inspected. In response to isoproterenol, the number of right atrial spontaneous beat was significantly lower in Cham chyi powder group$(PP_{1})$ and Sumbagui powder group$(PP_{2})$ than control at $10^(-8)M$ concentration. The contraction forces by injection of phenylephrine and calcium in isolated thoracic aorta were significantly low in each experimental groups compared with the control. The relaxation rates by acetylcholine represented comparatively higher value in $PP_{1}$ than control. The morphological changes of endothelial cell surface was a little in $PP_{1}$ and $PP_{2}$ compared with control, while the damages were considerably advanced in Cham chyi and Sumgbagui extract diet group$(PE_{1},\;PE_{2})$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.418-428
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to obtain the codex classification information on the primary food commodity (fresh state) of processed foods of plant origin that are included in the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. Furthermore, whether or not the primary food commodity is included in the primary food classification from the Food Code of Korea was investigated. The results are summarized as follows: First, the Codex Classification information (number of classification codes/number of the primary food commodity group that fresh commodities of processed foods are classified/number of primary food commodity that is not included in the Codex Classification) by a processed food group appeared to be 46/8/0 for dried fruits, 76/11/1 for dried vegetables, 54/4/12 for dried herbs, 36/1/0 for cereal grain milling fractions, 17/4/3 for oils and fats (crude), 34/8/9 for oils and fats (refined), 20/8/0 for fruit juices, 3/2/0 for vegetable juices, and 19 codes for teas (in the Codex Classification, the primary food commodity group for tea does not exist). Second, the number of the primary food commodities not included in the Food Code of Korea was 9 for dried fruits, 14 for dried vegetables, 35 for dried herbs, 0 for cereal grain milling fractions, 6 for teas, 3 for oils and fats (crude), 9 for oils and fats (refined), 2 for fruit juices, and 0 for vegetable juices. Third, it was demonstrated that caution should be exercised when using Codex Classification due to differences in food classification between Codex and Korea, such as coconut (Codex, as tree nut as well as assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruit) and olive (Codex, as assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruit as well as olives for oil production), as well as special cases in the Codex Classification, such as dried chili pepper (Codex, as spice), tomato juice (Codex, as vegetable for primary food commodity and as fruit juice for juice) and ginger (Codex, as spice for rhizome and not including as primary commodity for leaves).