• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.187-187
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• 2016

High intensity of population distribution in deltaic setting especially in Asia tends to have increased and causes coastal flood risk due to lower elevations and significant subsidence. Maximum or peak discharge of flood always causes numerous deaths and huge economic losses. New technology of spatial satellite image has been applied to analyze flood damage. In this research, the relationship of nightlight intensity associated with flood damages has been determined during 1992-2013 with spatial resolution of 30 arc sec ($0.0083^{\circ}$) which is nearly one kilometer at the equator in whole six countries along the Mekong River (i.e., China, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam). ArcGIS Hydrological Flow Length Tool has been used to determine the distance of each pixel areas from the rivers and streams. Statistical analysis results highlight the significant correlation R = 0.47 between nightlight digital number and economic damages per unit area (US$/km2) and R = 0.62 for number of affected people for unit area ($people/km^2$). The areas near by the Mekong River and its tributaries correspond to high flood damage. This spatial analysis result is going to be prestigious key information to the regions and all related stakeholders for decisions and mitigation strategies.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2016

The west and south coastal regions of Korea are known to be of strong tidal current speed. With the increasing demand for renewable energies, the resource assessment has been a crucial issue which should be conducted before any detail planning and development of the potential sites for tidal current farm. Although there are several results of resource assessment of tidal current energy in Korea, the resource assessment method is not officially announced. This undefined methodology makes the results unreliable and useless. Recently new renewable energy potential definition has been announced by KIER (Korea Institute of Energy Research). This categorizes energy potential as four steps; theoretical, geographical, technical and market potentials. This paper describes the resource assessment of tidal current power in Korea based on API (Averaged Power Intercepted). The results show that the Incheon-Gyeonggi and Jeollanam-do are very promising areas for tidal current power in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-109
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• 2021

The occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates, many of which are known to be toxic, is a critical concern for scientists, government officers, and people in the aquaculture, dining, and tourism industries. The interest in these dinoflagellates in countries with temperate climate is increasing because tropical or subtropical species introduced into temperate waters by currents are able to survive the winter season in the new environment owing to global warming. Recently, several species from the benthic dinoflagellate genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, and Prorocentrum have been reported in the waters of the South and East Sea of Korea. The advent of the benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters is especially important because raw or slightly cooked seaweeds, which may harbor these benthic dinoflagellates, as well as raw fish, which can be potentially intoxicated by phytotoxins produced by some of these benthic dinoflagellates, are part of the daily Korean diet. The recent increase in temperature of Korean coastal waters has allowed for the expansion of benthic dinoflagellate species into these regions. In the present study, we reviewed the species, distribution, and toxicity of the benthic dinoflagellates that have been reported in Korean waters. We also provided an insight into the ecological and socio-economic importance of the occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2019

The marine industry contributes a large proportion of the air pollutant emissions along coastal regions, and this air pollution has been strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases and other illnesses. To alleviate the problem, many ports have installed alternative maritime power (AMP) facilities that enable onboard marine auxiliary engines with generators (gensets) to be shut down while a ship is at berth. This study compared the emissions from conventional gensets with those from AMP facilities, focusing on four emission types: greenhouse gases (GHG), sulphur oxides (SOX), nitrogen oxides (NOX), and particulate matter (PM). Both direct (combustion / operation) and indirect (upstream) emissions were considered together for the emission comparison. The results showed that AMP has lower emissions than conventional onboard gensets, and this benefit is highly dependent on the electricity generation mix onshore. On average, GHG emissions could be reduced by about 18.3 %, while the other emissions (SOX, NOX, and PM) would decrease more dramatically (88.4 %, 90.1 %, and 91.5 %, respectively). Additionally, future benefits of the AMP would increase due to the expansion of renewable energies. Thus, this study supports the potential of AMP as a promising solution for environmental concerns at ports worldwide.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.389-404
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• 2019

In coastal regions, it is common to witness significant damages on low-rise buildings caused by hurricanes and other extreme wind events. These damages start at high pressure zones or weak building components, and then cascade to other building parts. The state-of-the-art in experimental and numerical aerodynamic load evaluation is to assume buildings with intact envelopes where wind acts only on the external walls and correct for internal pressure through separate aerodynamic studies. This approach fails to explain the effect of openings on (i) the external pressure, (ii) internal partition walls; and (iii) the load sharing between internal and external walls. During extreme events, non-structural components (e.g., windows, doors or rooftiles) could fail allowing the wind flow to enter the building, which can subject the internal walls to lateral loads that potentially can exceed their load capacities. Internal walls are typically designed for lower capacities compared to external walls. In the present work, an anticipated damage development scenario is modelled for a four-story building with a stepped gable roof. LES is used to examine the change in the internal and external wind flows for different level of assumed damages (starting from an intact building up to a case with failure in most windows and doors are observed). This study demonstrates that damages in non-structural components can increase the wind risk on the structural elements due to changes in the loading patterns. It also highlights the load sharing mechanisms in low rise buildings.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.326-336
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• 2020

Galvalume steel (GL) is widely used in marine and industrial environments. It is characterized by better corrosion resistance than carbon steel. However, corrosion and economic losses may occur as the usage time is increased. Therefore, in this study, an outdoor exposure test of GL for 36 months was conducted across six regions of Korea. Parameters such as corrosion rate, chrominance (color, chroma, and brightness), glossiness, and surface appearance were analyzed. The results showed no significant change in appearance, and the initial corrosion rate was large, but a tendency to decrease with time was observed. Increased outdoor exposure time led to increase in the level of corrosion products. In the case of coastal areas where S, Cl, and other elements were detected, a relatively high decrease in Zn content was observed. Al forms a protective oxide film and exists in the coating layer, but Zn dissolves due to its chemical activity and low potential.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.423-433
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• 2020

Direct current (DC) electric fields have been used for electro-osmotic dewatering. Under DC conditions, however, the electrical contact resistance between the electrode and the dewatering material increases considerably during the process of dewatering. Such a circumstance hinders the continuation of effective electro-osmotic dewatering. To reduce this hindrance, an applied pulse electric field with periodic reversals of the electrode polarity should improve electro-osmotic dewatering. In this study, electro-osmotic dewatering under pulse conditions was experimentally investigated for electrode polarity reversals. During the dewatering process, the pulse electric field was able to reduce the hindrance caused by the DC, resulting in an increased final dewatered amount relative to that under a DC electric field. For a constant applied voltage, the reversed polarity condition, under which the electric current passing through the material was almost unchanged with time, yielded the maximum final dewatered amount. This technique can be used to enhance drainage from a water storage facility during a period of extreme drought and the seawater desalination plants using reverse osmosis in drought stricken coastal regions.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

Purpose: This research explores possibilities for unique tourism programs in the Port of Incheon that would bring tourism benefits from the cruise line industry to Incheon. This research also tries to find practical strategies and principles for the cruise line industry by reviewing the current itinerary in the cruise line industry. Research design, data, and methodology: Because this study is exploratory research, it first reviews trends in global tourism, ocean tourism, and the cruise line industry. Then, this study compares the current status of cruise line industry in South Korea with those in Japan. Lastly, existing cruise itineraries are reviewed for practical strategies and principles. Results: Based on reviewing the example of a cruise ship itinerary from the cruise ship company, possible cruise line programs at stopover places are suggested for the Port of Incheon and if the program is planted, it will boost Incheon's economy and tourism industry. Conclusion: Basic data about tourism in coastal regions and data analyses are lacking. Therefore, this study not only recommends further research in itinerary development or evaluation of cruise stopover programs, but also future research should explore the impact of the cruise industry from many different perspectives.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.110-147
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• 2022

Many megacities are exposed to natural hazards such as earthquakes, and when located in coastal regions, are also vulnerable to hurricanes and tsunamis. The physical infrastructures of transportation systems in megacities have become so complicated that very few organizations can understand their response to extreme events such as earthquakes and can effectively mitigate subsequent economic downfalls. The technological advances made in recent years to support these complex systems have not grown as fast as the rapid demand on these systems burdened by population shift toward megacities. The objective of this paper is to examine the risks imposed on and recoveries of transportation systems in megacities as the result of extreme events such as an earthquake. First, the physical damage to transportation infrastructure, loss of the transportation system performance, and the corresponding economic loss from disruptions to passenger and freight traffic is evaluated. Then, traffic flows are re-routed to reduce vehicles' delay due to earthquakes using a microscopic traffic flow simulator with an optimization model and macroscopic terminal simulator. Finally, the economic impact of the earthquake is estimated nationwide. Southern California is regarded as the region of study. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated model and provide what and how to prepare innovative resilience policies of urban infrastructure for a natural disaster occurrence.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-232
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• 2023

A comprehensive study was conducted to design economical foundations for a number of buildings on soft cohesive soil in the southern coastal regions of Iran. Both static and seismic loads were considered in the design process. Cyclic experiments indicated that the cohesive soil of the area has potential for softening. Consequently, the major challenge in the design stages was relatively high dimensions of settlement, under both static and seismic loadings. Routine soil-improvement methods were too costly for the vast area of the project. After detailed numerical modeling of different scenarios, we concluded that, in following a performance-based design approach and applying a special time schedule of construction, most of the settlement would dissipate during the construction of the buildings. Making the foundation as rigid as possible was another way to prevent any probable differential settlement. Stiff subgrade of stone and lime mortar under the grid foundation and a reinforced concrete slab on the foundation were considered as appropriate to this effect. In favor of an economical design, in case the design earthquake strikes the site, the estimations indicate no collapse of the buildings even if considerable uniform settlements may occur. This is a considerable alternative design to costly soil-improvement methods.