Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.28.6.389

Variation in wind load and flow of a low-rise building during progressive damage scenario  

Elshaer, Ahmed (Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University)
Bitsuamlak, Girma (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Western University)
Abdallah, Hadil (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Western University)
Publication Information
Wind and Structures / v.28, no.6, 2019 , pp. 389-404 More about this Journal
Abstract
In coastal regions, it is common to witness significant damages on low-rise buildings caused by hurricanes and other extreme wind events. These damages start at high pressure zones or weak building components, and then cascade to other building parts. The state-of-the-art in experimental and numerical aerodynamic load evaluation is to assume buildings with intact envelopes where wind acts only on the external walls and correct for internal pressure through separate aerodynamic studies. This approach fails to explain the effect of openings on (i) the external pressure, (ii) internal partition walls; and (iii) the load sharing between internal and external walls. During extreme events, non-structural components (e.g., windows, doors or rooftiles) could fail allowing the wind flow to enter the building, which can subject the internal walls to lateral loads that potentially can exceed their load capacities. Internal walls are typically designed for lower capacities compared to external walls. In the present work, an anticipated damage development scenario is modelled for a four-story building with a stepped gable roof. LES is used to examine the change in the internal and external wind flows for different level of assumed damages (starting from an intact building up to a case with failure in most windows and doors are observed). This study demonstrates that damages in non-structural components can increase the wind risk on the structural elements due to changes in the loading patterns. It also highlights the load sharing mechanisms in low rise buildings.
Keywords
low-rise building; wind load; aerodynamics; load sharing; progressive damage aerodynamics; turbulence, Large Eddy Simulation (LES); Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD);
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Aboshosha, H., Elshaer, A., Bitsuamlak, G.T.G.T. and El Damatty, A. (2015), "Consistent inflow turbulence generator for LES evaluation of wind-induced responses for tall buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 142, 198-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.04.004.   DOI
2 Aly, A.M. and Bresowar, J. (2016), "Aerodynamic mitigation of wind-induced uplift forces on low-rise buildings: A comparative study", J. Build. Eng., 5, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2016.01.007.   DOI
3 Bitsuamlak, G.T., Warsido, W., Ledesma, E. and Chowdhury, A.G. (2012), "Aerodynamic mitigation of roof and wall corner suctions using simple architectural elements", J. Eng. Mech., American Society of Civil Engineers, 139(3), 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000505.
4 Courant, R., Friedrichs, K. and Lewy, H. (1928), "Uber die partiellen Differenzengleichungen der mathematischen Physik", Mathematische annalen, 100(1), 32-74.   DOI
5 Dagnew, A. and Bitsuamlak, G.T. (2013), "Computational evaluation of wind loads on buildings: a review", Wind Struct., 16(6), 629-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.16.6.629.   DOI
6 Davenport, A.G. (1977), Wind Loads on Low Rise Buildings: Final Report of Phases I and II. Part I: Text and Figures.
7 Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kim, P.Y. (2010), "Variation of internal pressure with varying sizes of dominant openings and volumes", J. Struct. Eng., 136(10), 1319-1326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000225.   DOI
8 ESDU. (2001), Engineering Sciences Data Unit. Characteristics of atmospheric turbulence near the ground. Part II: single point data for strong winds.
9 Franke, J., Hellsten, A., Schlunzen, H. and Carissimo, B. (2007), "Best Practice Guideline for the CFD Simulation of Flows in the Urban Environment. COST Action 732: Quality Assurance and Improvement of Microscale Meteorological Models", Hamburg, Germany.
10 Ginger, J.D. and Holmes, J.D. (2006), "Design wind loads on gable-ended low-rise buildings with moderate and steep roof slopes", Australian J. Struct. Eng., 6(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2006.11464947.   DOI
11 Ginger, J.D., Holmes, J.D. and Kopp, G.A. (2008), "Effect of building volume and opening size on fluctuating internal pressures", Wind Struct., 11(5), 361-376. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2008.11.5.361.   DOI
12 Ginger, J.D., Mehta, K.C. and Yeatts, B.B. (1997), "Internal pressures in a low-rise full-scale building", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 72, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00241-9.   DOI
13 Kopp, G.A., Morrison, M.J. and Henderson, D.J. (2012), "Fullscale testing of low-rise, residential buildings with realistic wind loads", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 104-106, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.01.004.   DOI
14 Hajra, B., Aboshosha, H., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Elshaer, A. (2016), "Large eddy simulation of wind-induced pressure on a low rise building", Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, London, Canada.
15 Ho, T.C.E., Surry, D., Morrish, D. and Kopp, G.A. (2005), "The UWO contribution to the NIST aerodynamic database for wind loads on low buildings: Part 1. Archiving format and basic aerodynamic data", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.07.006.   DOI
16 Holmes, J.D. (1980), "Mean and fluctuating internal pressures induced by wind", Wind Eng., 435-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-8367-8.50046-2.
17 Holmes, J.D. and Ginger, J.D. (2012), "Internal pressures-The dominant windward opening case-A review", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 100(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.11.005.   DOI
18 Kopp, G.A., Mans, C. and Surry, D. (2005), "Wind effects of parapets on low buildings: Part 4. Mitigation of corner loads with alternative geometries", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93(11), 873-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2005.08.004.   DOI
19 Kopp, G.A., Oh, J.H. and Inculet, D.R. (2008), "Wind-induced internal pressures in houses", J. Struct. Eng., 134, 1129-1138. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:7(1129).   DOI
20 Lin, J.X., Surry, D. and Tieleman, H.W. (1995), "The distribution of pressure near roof corners of flat roof low buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 56(2-3), 235-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(94)00089-V.   DOI
21 Montazeri, H. and Blocken, B. (2013), "CFD simulation of windinduced pressure coefficients on buildings with and without balconies: validation and sensitivity analysis", Build. Environ., 60, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.11.012.   DOI
22 Nozawa, K. and Tamura, T. (2002), "Large eddy simulation of the flow around a low-rise building immersed in a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(10), 1151-1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00228-3.   DOI
23 Pan, F., Cai, C.S. and Zhang, W. (2013), "Wind-induced internal pressures of buildings with multiple openings", J. Eng. Mech., 139(3), 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000464.   DOI
24 Stathopoulos, T. (2003), "Wind loads on low buildings: In the wake of Alan Davenport's contributions", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(12-15), 1565-1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2003.09.019.   DOI
25 Smagorinsky, J. (1963), "General circulation experiments with the primitive equations: I. the basic experiment", Mon. Weather Rev., 91(3), 99-164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2.   DOI
26 Smith, A., Lott, N., Houston, T., Shein, K., Crouch, J. and Enloe, J. (2018). "US billion-dollar weather & climate disasters: 1980-2017", NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information accessed Jan 2018.
27 Star CCM+ v.10.02.011. (2016), "CD-ADAPCO product. ", CD-ADAPCO Product.
28 Stathopoulos, T., Surry, D. and Davenport, A.G. (1979), "Internal pressure characteristics of low-rise buildings due to wind action", JE Cermak, Wind Engineering, 1.
29 Tecle, A.S., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Aly, A.M. (2013), "Internal pressure in a low-rise building with existing envelope openings and sudden breaching", Wind Struct., 16(1), 25-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.16.1.025.   DOI
30 Tecle, A.S., Bitsuamlak, G.T. and Chowdhury, A.G. (2015), "Opening and compartmentalization effects of internal pressure in low-rise buildings with gable and hip roofs", J. Architect. Eng., 21(1), 04014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000101.   DOI
31 Uematsu, Y. and Isyumov, N. (1999), "Wind pressures acting on low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 82(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00036-7.   DOI
32 Vickery, B.J. and Bloxham, C. (1992), "Internal pressure dynamics with a dominant opening", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 41(1-3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90409-4.   DOI
33 Yang, W., Quan, Y., Jin, X., Tamura, Y. and Gu, M. (2008), "Influences of equilibrium atmosphere boundary layer and turbulence parameter on wind loads of low-rise buildings", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(10), 2080-2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.014.   DOI