• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2018

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2023

Although it is highly dependent on the production of coastal and offshore fishing, the Fishing Vessels Safety Fisheries Act was enacted in 2019 due to the continuous increase in marine accidents of coastal and offshore fishing vessels. However, the law is too focused on fishing and navigation in certain waters and does not contain accident-preventive content. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries proposes a plan to revise the Fishing Boat Safety Fishing Act through legal comparison with Japan's Seafarers' Labor Sanitation Rules. It also proposes an amendment that includes the content of the Seafarers Act on post-accident action obligations. Under the Fishing Vessels Safety Fishing Act, the safety fishing education is implemented for specific people and adopts a method of delivery education after completing the education. The reason for this is that the educational requirements are not sufficient compared to the number of education personnel. Moreover, four hours of education are conducted once a year, which is not suitable for insufficient educational conditions. For efficient safety fishing education, improvement measures are proposed compared to education in the United States and the United Kingdom.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2018

Squid is one of the important fisheries resources in Korea. Therefore, squid has been designated and managed as a target species of total allowable catch (TAC) since 2007, but the catch amount is gradually decreasing. The analysis was conducted to identify the change of relative fishing power index to develop the vessel and gear technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of the offshore squid jigging fishery from 1960s to 2010s. Gross tonnage per fishing vessel increased with the increase in size until 1990, but then gradually decreased to 41.0 tons in 2000 and 37.1 tons in 2010. The illuminating power (energy consumption) by fishing lamps increased to 180 kW in 2005 and stabilized to 120 kW in 2015. Jigging machine started to be supplied to fishing vessels from the early 1970s, and fish finders began to be supplied in the early 1980s and gradually increased. Therefore, the relative fishing power index in the offshore squid jigging fishery increased from 1.0 in 1980 to 1.1 in 1990, to 3.5 in 2000 and to 2.5 in 2010, but the increment rate slowed down gradually. The results are expected to contribute to reasonable fisheries stock management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2018

Fossil fuel combustion during fishing activities is a major contributor to climate changes in the fishing industry. The Tier1 methodology calculation and on-site continuous measurements of the greenhouse gas were carried out through the use of fuel by the coastal and offshore gillnet (blue crabs and yellow croaker) and trap (small octopus and red snow crab) fishing boats in Korea. The emission comparison results showed that the field measurements are similar to or slightly higher than the Tier1 estimates for coastal gillnet and trap. In offshore gillnet and trap fisheries, Tier1 estimate of greenhouse gases was about $1,644-13,875kg\;CO_2/L$, which was more than the field measurement value. The $CO_2$ emissions factor based on the fuel usage was $2.49-3.2kg\;CO_2/L$ for coastal fisheries and $1.46-2.24kg\;CO_2/L$ for offshore fisheries. Furthermore, GHG emissions per unit catch and the ratio of field measurement and Tier1 emission estimate were investigated. Since the total catch of coastal fish was relatively small, the emission per unit catch in coastal fisheries was four to eight times larger. The results of this study could be used to determine the baseline data for responding to changes in fisheries environment and reducing greenhouse gas emission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2013

Fishing efficiency of the squid jigging vessel using the LED and metal halide fishing lamp combination was analyzed to reduce the cost for fishing operation utilizing the fishing light system for high degree of efficiency in the squid jigging fishery (one of the representative coastal and offshore fisheries in Korea). This study aims to improve the nature of existing LED lamps and to develop fan-shaped LED lights having 180W of power and ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ angle of light intensity distribution. The marine experiment for making a comparison of their fishing efficiency was tested by a 9.77 tons fishing vessel from Oct. through Dec. 2012. As a result, experimental fishing vessel showed slightly higher fishing efficiency than the average of metal halide lamp-equipped vessel and 20% energy savings. This means that the combination of LED and metal halide lamps would provide an efficient way to lower energy consumption while maintaining fishing efficiency.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-39
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• 2001

The study, using the input-output analysis of 402 industrial sectors by Bank of Korea(BOK) and the resulting outcomes of price model, aims to evaluate the spillover effects the international fluctuations in crude oil prices have on the commodities prices and consequently, analyse the management and profitability of the offshore fisheries in Korea. At present, the fisher men are provided with tax-free oils for their fishing operations as specified under the Special Tax Treatment Control Law. However, the exhaustion of marine resources and new international fisheries agreements, which resulted in the loss of fishing grounds, made the stable catch even more unpredictable and the hike in the price of the international crude oil would have adverse effects on the fishing industry. The study revealed that the increasing rise in the price of crude oil would exert sweeping spillover effects on other industry sectors in general and accordingly, lead to a poorer performance by fisheries. The price spillover coefficients for the diesel oil was 0.6026, which would translate into the 42.6% increase in the prices of oil when the increase ratio of 73.3% for the base crude oil was applied based on the calculation methods employed in the study. This in turn increased the ratio of diesel oil required in the offshore fisheries from 23.3% to 16.6%, diminishing the ratio of current net profits to minus 2.0% from 4.2% otherwise. By fishing type, the Pair Trawl suffered current net profits loss most by ratio of minus 9.4% and other fisheries such as Coastal Stow Nets, Coastal Angling, Danish Sein also suffered ratio of 7% and more in the loss of current net profits. With the deteriorating fishing performance, coupled with the increasing international crude oil prices, it is urgently required that the authorities concerned deliberate in depth on such schemes as follows in efforts to secure stable fishing production. First, provision of large-scale storage facilities for oil is needed to timely adapt to the fluctuations in international crude oil prices. Secondly, in line with the stabilization of tax-free oil prices, duty levied on oils for fishing and tax collected from the refineries need to be tax-exempt. Thirdly, the beneficiaries from the provision of tax-free oil should be broadened, not limited to special fishing operation only. Fourth, investment in stabilization of the oil prices should be encouraged, possibly through funding from the formation of fisheries development funds underway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of fishery in offshore wind farms and evaluate the risk linked to the presence of turbines and submarine cables in these areas. With this objective, we studied an offshore wind farm in the Southwest Sea and the current state of vessels in the surrounding National Fishing Port. The risk assessment criteria for 22 fishing gears and methods were set by referring to the fishing boats; thereafter, the risk was assessed by experts. The fishing gears and methods that could be safely operated (i.e., associated with low risk) in the offshore wind farm were: single-line fishing, jigging, and the anchovy lift net. The risk was normal so that it is possible to operate, but the fishing gears and methods that need attention are: the set long line, drifting long line, troll line, squid rip hook, octopus pot, webfoot octopus pot, coastal fish pot, stow net on stake, winged stow net, stationary gill net, and drift gill net. Moreover, the fishing gears and methods difficult to operate in the of shore wind farm (i.e., associated with high risk) were: the dredge, beam trawl, and purse seine. Finally, those associated with very high risk and that should not be allowed in offshore wind farms were: the stow net, anchovy drag net, otter trawl, Danish seine, and bottom pair trawl.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2008

The purposes of this study are to analyze problems in industrial classification of fisheries in Korea and to suggest future directions. Based on a thorough review of relevant literature, the study proposes a five-level scheme for classifying fisheries. The highest level should be the fisheries industry, and the next highest level ought to be fisheries. The medium level should include fishing, aquaculture, and fishery service industries. At the fourth level, fishing is to be further divided into sea fishery and inland fishery, aquaculture into sea-surface aquaculture and inland aquaculture, and fishery service industries into integrated fishery service and fishery distribution service. The lowest level is the most detailed. At this level, sea fishery is split into deep sea fishery, offshore fishery, and coastal fishery; sea-surface aquaculture consists of sea aquaculture, seed production aquaculture, and food organism aquaculture; integrated fishery service is further classified into fishery-related service and fishery information service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 2014

Tidal turbulence was examined using three-dimensional tidal velocity data observed at a trench offshore of Tongyoung, Korea. The kinetic energy and intensity, including the variation period of the flow velocity and direction, were used to investigate the relationships between tidal turbulence and fishing gear dynamics, including the effects of swimming fish during fishing operations. As the resultant velocity increased from 0.2 to 0.9 m/s, the kinetic energy also significantly increased, while the turbulence intensity decreased from 50 to 10%. Tidal flow in strong flow fields displayed shorter periods of between 4 and 10 s, as determined by fast Fourier transform, the global wavelet method, and peak event analysis, and the periods were compared with the period of response to swimming fish and to oscillation of fishing gear. As mean velocity increased, velocity amplitude also increased from 0.1 to 0.6 m/s, and its directional amplitude changed markedly from 20 and $90^{\circ}$. Our study suggests that tidal turbulence can influence fish behavior or fishing gear geometry during fishing operations, although our analysis considered only a limited area. In future work, observations should be carried out over a more extensive depth and area.