• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can efficiently detect and monitor multiple ships in real-time. The proposed algorithm uses morphological operations and edge information for detecting and tracking ships. We used smoothing filter with a $3{\times}3$ Gaussian window and luminance component instead of RGB components in the captured image. Additionally, we applied Sobel operator for edge detection and a threshold for binary images. Finally, object labeling with connectivity and morphological operation with open and erosion were used for ship detection. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method is meant to be used mainly in coastal surveillance systems and monitoring systems of harbors. A system based on this method was tested for both stationary and non-stationary backgrounds, and the results of the detection and tracking rates were more than 97% on average. Thousands of image frames and 20 different video sequences in both online and offline modes were tested, and an overall detection rate of 97.6% was achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.299-301
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• 2015

As the new notification of Ministry of Public Safety and Security on the management of coastal VTS has been effective since April $20^{th}$ this year, all pleasure ships over 2 tons with AIS device(Automatic Identification System) must be the objects given certain vessel traffic service. So Tong-yeong Coastal VTS which has the largest number of pleasure ship throughout the country tries to review some problems that have emerged since the beginning and require consideration in all its aspects to prevent any maritime incidents related with pleasure ships and contribute largely to making our sea safe.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.977-980
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• 2006

Ships and industries damage the delicate coastal ecosystem in many parts of the world by releasing oil or pollutants into rivers, coastal and offshore waters. After a tanker accident the biggest problem is to get a clear idea of the extent of the oil slick and predict the way it will move. For natural and man-made oil spills it is necessary to operate a regular and operational monitoring. In the Mediterranean, North and Baltic seas aircrafts or ships normally carry it out. This is expensive and is constrained by the limited availability of these resources, borders between countries, daylight hours, good weather conditions, etc. Satellite imagery can help greatly identifying probable spills over large areas and then guiding aerial surveys for precise observation of specific locations. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instrument, which can collect data almost independently of weather and light conditions, is an excellent tool to monitor and detect oil on water surfaces. SAR is currently on board the ENVISAT, ERS-2 and RADARSAT satellites. The application of this technology to the investigation of oil pollution in the Caspian, Black, Mediterranean, North and Baltic seas is shown.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2013

Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is being used at ports and in coastal areas of the world for preventing accidents and improving efficiency of the vessels at sea on the basis of "IMO RESOLUTION A.857 (20) on Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services". Currently, VTS plays an important role in the prevention of maritime accidents, as ships are required to participate in the system. Ships are diversified and traffic situations in ports and coastal areas have become more complicated than before. The role of VTS operator (VTSO) has been enlarged because of these reasons, and VTSO is required to be clearly aware of maritime situations and take decisions in emergency situations. In this paper, we propose a prediction table to improve the work of VTSO through the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), which analyzes the VTS work very systematically. The required data were collected through interviews and observations of 14 VTSOs. The prediction tool supports decision-making in terms of a proactive measure for the prevention of maritime accidents.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.541-551
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• 2020

Based on the trend, there have been numerous researches analysing the ship collision risk. However, in this scope, the navigational conditions and external environment are ignored or incompletely considered in training or/and real situation. It has been identified as a significant limitation in the navigational collision risk assessment. Therefore, a novel algorithm of the ship navigational collision risk solving system has been proposed based on basic collision risk and vulnerabilities of marine accidents. The vulnerability can increase the possibility of marine collision accidents. The factors of vulnerabilities including bad weather, tidal currents, accidents prone area, traffic congestion, operator fatigue and fishing boat operating area are involved in the fuzzy reasoning engines to evaluate the navigational conditions and environment. Fuzzy logic is employed to reason basic collision risk using Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time of Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) and the degree of vulnerability in the specific coastal waterways. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the integration of vulnerabilities. In this paper, vulnerability factors have been proposed to improve the collision risk assessment especially for non-SOLAS ships such as coastal operating ships and fishing vessels in practice. Simulation is implemented to validate the practicability of the designed navigational collision risk solving system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.599-604
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• 2003

In this paper, the ergonomic principle and concept will be established and the conceptual bridge design based on the ergonomic studies pertaining to bridge design undertaken by IMO and ISO will be introduced. In particular, this study has looked into the applicability of ergonomic design concept on coastal ships and proposes new bridge design to make good contribution to the prevention of marine accidents in the coastal sea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 2006

The efficiency and effectiveness of freight transportation within and across Northeast Asia playa key role to achieve competitive advantages against other competing hubs in this area. However, the majority of local freight has been carried by ground transportation and the share of costal shipping has been decreasing for its transportational complexity and poor cargo works. In this paper, we discuss the prerequisites of efficient cargo linkage system from the perspectives of road, rail, ocean, and the service providers. Specifically, we identify that the balanced capacity of road/rail transportation system with costal freight system is a crucial component for facilitating coastal shipping. Other requirements such as the efficient on-dock container yard (ODCY), dedicated ports and ships, and the service provider of door-to-door transportation for short sea shipping are highlighted in order to secure the serviceability and availability of streamlined costal shipping. Further, we elaborate these requirements to facilitate costal cargo shipping in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2007

In analyzing the security threats and their management system and making questions on security awareness to the concerned parties in the field of coastal passenger ship, we draw its security vulnerability and the features of security threats. The countermeasures and security system are proposed in order to response the diverse security threats and to set up the security culture of coastal passenger ship.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a robust background removal integral projection(BRIP) method which can detect close surface targets in coastal environment for IRST. Row pixels of background region from coastal infrared image show similar response. Thus, the proposed BRIP is calculated after horizontal and vertical background estimations and removals are performed sequentially. Finally, surface large targets can be detected using the results of the BRIP. Experimental results on a set of real infrared image sequence show that the proposed method could fully detect ships in every frame.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2018

The small coastal vessel registered in Korea, small coastal vessels with a gross tonnage of 10 tons or less account for 94.6 % and among them, aged vessels over 16 years age indicate 40.6 %. In order to reduce GHG emissions from small coast vessels, discussions are underway to replace aging ships' propulsion units with eco - friendly propulsion facilities, and the electric propulsion ship is emerging as one of the measures. The electric propulsion system using the DFE rectifier, which was applied in the conventional large commercial vessel, was effective in reducing the harmonics and improving the DC output voltage of the DC link stage, but it occupied a large volume and caused an increase in the overall system price. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an electric propulsion system using AFE rectifier with a small volume of system that can be applied to a small coastal vessel. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the overall system, the load profile was applied to obtain accurate and rapid speed tracking performance of the propulsion motor affected by the speed load. In addition, the power factor and total harmonic distortion factor of the voltage and current on the improved power output side are derived through simulation.