• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.520-528
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• 2004

The effects of the substitution of sugar alcohol for sugar on the sensory properties of mulberry rice cake, 'Bbongseolgy', were evaluated in two phases. First, the relative sweetness of xylitol, erythritol and palatinose to the sucrose in the food systems were examined with paired comparison tests. Second, the sensory properties of the mulberry rice cake containing xylitol, erythritol and palatinose substitution for sugar at a sweetness level equal to sucrose were studied. Sensory analysis for the mulberry rice cake characteristics was conducted and consumer acceptability tests were performed. The physical properties of mulberry rice cake were also examined. The relative sweetness of xylitol, erythritol and palatinose, compared to sucrose, in the solid model food system were 1.00, 0.63 and 0.42, respectively. This result showed that the relative sweetness of xylitol, erythritol and palatinose to sugar was slightly lower than those in the liquid model food system, in which flavor did not influence the sweetness. Mulberry rice cake with erythritol or palatinose had very similar characteristics, with lower fracturability and tenderness, and higher moistness, compactness and chewiness compared to that with sucrose or xylitol. Mulberry rice cake with xylitol was significantly the most fracturable, grainy, and driest, and the least adhesive, among the samples. The consumer test showed no difference in overall acceptability among the samples and consumers perceived differences only in moistness, coarseness and compactness among the samples. Mulberry rice cake with erythritol was the most favored in many characteristics. These results indicate that erythritol substitution for sugar inmulberry rice cake is suitable as a low-calorie rice cake with beneficial functions to improve in the health and texture of the rice cake.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.567-574
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the sensory and mechanical characteristics, moisture content and color values of Hongwhasulgi by varying the quantity of Safflower seed powder and the types of sugar used. As a result of the quantitative analysis, it was found that as more Safflower seed powder was added to the non-glutinous rice powder, the tastiness, sweetness and coarseness of the resultant rice cake tasted almost the same as that of the raw seeds. When the quantity of the seed powder was the same, Hongwhasulgi with sugar added was moister than that with oligosaccharide, and as more seed powder was added, the rice cake became less chewy. The preference of flavor did not differ significantly among the samples. As a result of analyzing the texture, Hongwhasulgi with more Safflower seed power added and oligosaccharide used exhibited greater hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness but lower cohesiveness, whereas springiness did not differ significantly among the samples. The moisture content of Hongwhasulgi ranged from $32.35{\sim}39.87%$. Hongwhasulgi with the sugar added was significantly moister than that with oligosaccharide added(p<0.05). Based on the above results, it is considered that the most desirable mix ratio for Hongwhasulgi is non-glutinous rice powder 190 g(95%), Safflower seed power 10 g(5%), sugar 20 g, salt 2 g, and water 35 mL.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.839-847
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• 2007

The aims of this study were twofold: i) to investigate changes in the sensory characteristics and consumer preference of diluted espresso drinks according to different dilution rates; ii) to compare the physicochemical characteristics between diluted espresso coffees, using the preferred coffee of this study and commercial products from coffee shop chains. Descriptive analysis using a 15 cm line scale, and a consumer preference test were carried out by 6 trained panelist,; and 50 consumers (F=39, M=11), respectively. Appearance (transparent, black), odor (bitter, rich), taste (bitter, burnt, astringent, umami, sour), and mouth-feel (aftertaste, body, coarseness, oily, roughness, soft-swallowing) were significantly different among the 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-times dilution rates. In particular, the sensory characteristics associated with mouth-feel showed obvious differences with the dilution rates. In the consumer preference test, the 9-times diluted espresso had the highest preference, whereas the 3-times diluted espresso showed the lowest preference. Moreover, the 9-times diluted espresso demonstrated similar physicochemical characteristics such as pH, sugar content, and total solid content to those of the commercial diluted espresso drinks from coffee shop chains. In conclusion, the sensory characteristics and consumer preference of the diluted espressos were influenced by the dilution rates.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.218.3-219
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• 2003

백편을 만들 때 멥쌀가루 100에 찹쌀가루를 총중량의 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% 첨가하고 저장시간 0시간, 24시간, 48시간, 72시간 저장한 후 (4$^{\circ}C$에서) reheating 한 백편의 기호성과 조직감(Texture)에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는 가를 관능검사와 기계적 검사에 의해 측정한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다 1. 관능검사 결과 백편의 Color 는 찹쌀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 누런색이 짙어졌으며, 24, 48, 72 시간 저장한 후 reheating 한 백편도 누런색이 짙어지는 경향을 나타냈다. Coarseness 는 찹쌀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향이었으나 저장전의 백편은 유의적인 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 찹쌀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 Softness, Dryness, crumblyness는 감소경향을 나타냈으며 24, 48, 72 시간을 저장한 후 reheating 한 백편도 유의적인 감소경향을 나타냈다. 외관의 기호도는 찹쌀의 첨가율이 5% 인 백편을 가장 좋아했고, 조직감 및 종합적인 기호도는 찹쌀의 첨가율이 10~20%인 백편을 좋아했다. 2. Rhemeter에 의한 백편의 Texture는 찹쌀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 Compression force, gumminess, Chewiness가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 24, 48, 72 시간 저장한 후 reheating 한 백편은 저장전보다 점점 감소경향을 나타냈다가 72시간 저장한 후 reheating 하면 다시 증가경향을 나타냈다. Work ratio 및 Recovered height는 찹쌀의 첨가량과 저장시간의 변화에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. Recovered 하지 않고 0, 24, 48, 72 시간 저장한 백편의 Compressing force는 찹쌀의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가경향이 컸고 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 Compression force가 증가하였는데 특히 24시간 저장하는 동안 급격히 증가하였다. 3. 찹쌀 첨가량이 증가할수록 수분함량은 증가하였고, 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 수분함량은 감소경향을 나타냈으나 24시간 저장한 후 reheating 한 백편만이 수분함량의 증가경향을 나타내었다. 4. qoruvs의 Softness 는 Compression force 및 Work ratio 와 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내었으며, Dryness 와 Crumblyness 는 Work ratio와 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내고 있어 백편의 조직감은 Compression force 와 Work ratio로 대치할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다. 수분함량은 기계적 검사보다 관능검사와 더욱 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation on the microvascular structure of the submandibular gland in rats. For this study, 110 male rats were singly irradiated with the dose of 10Gy or 20Gy to their neck region by 6MV X-irradiation and sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day after irradiation. The author observed distribution and structural changes of the microvasculature in rat submandibular glands using a scanning electron microscope by forming vascular resin casting. The author observed ultrastructural changes of the endothelial cells using a transmission electron microscope, and also histologic changes using a light microscope at Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and PAS staining process. The results of the irradiation effects on the microvasculature in rat submandibular gland were as follows: By light microscopic examination, the dilation of small vessels were observed until the 7th day after irradiation. After then, the vascular constriction and decrease in number of small vessels were noticed. Changes were greater on 20Gy irradiated group than on lOGy irradiated group. The reaction to PAS staining at acinar cells was decreased just after irradiation, but gradually recovered with days. There was no specific difference between two irradiated groups. By scanning electron microscopic examination, general findings on the two irradiated groups were similar. The dilation of conduits and meandering were observed on the 3rd day after irradiation. Decrease of capillary density and blunt ended small vessels were appeared on the 7th day after irradiation. After that, findings of the tortuous and twisted vascular running and coarseness of capillary lumen were increased. Changes were greater on 20Gy irradiated group than on l0Gy irradiated group. By transmission electron microscopic examination, increase of the formation of cytoplasmic process was observed on the 3rd day after irradiation. After that, swelling of endothelial cell and bridge formation of cytoplasmic processes were also observed, but destruction of endothelial cell and loss of basement membrane were observed only on 20Gy irradiated group on the 28th day after irradiation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.497-511
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• 2020

This study aimed at comparing the storage stability, fatty acids profile, volatile flavor compounds and eating quality of Hanwoo beef longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles between two marbling morphological groups (fineness and coarseness). The 1⁺ grade Hanwoo LT muscles were measured for marbling fleck morphology at the 13^th thoracic vertebrae location by using computerized image analysis. Results reveal that both marbling groups had similar proximate composition (protein, fat, moisture and collagen), color and technological quality traits (p>0.05). However, the coarse marbling group presented greater C18:2n6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents compared to the fine marbling group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the fine marbling group presented lower volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) contents compared to the coarse marbling group after 14 d storage (p<0.05). Also, higher amounts of C18:2n6 oxidation-derived volatile compounds such as hexanal and 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene, were found in the coarse marbling group. In term of sensory aspects, the finely-marbled group received higher scores of flavor and taste compared to the coarse marbling group (p<0.05). Overall, the marbling flecks morphology partially showed its effects on the storage stability, fatty acids profile and eating quality of the 1⁺ grade Hanwoo beef LT muscle.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

페스토는 잣, 해바라기씨, 호박씨, 호두, 아몬드를 넣고 제조하여 항산화성(총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 전자공여능)과 관능검사를 실시하였고, $4^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 저장하면서 색도, pH, 점도, 총 균수를 측정하였다. 페스토의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높을수록 항산화력이 높았으며, 일반적으로 사용되는 잣보다 해바라기씨나 호두를 이용할 때 바질 페스토가 더 기능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특성 차이 검사 결과, 색의 강도, 견과류 맛, 씁쓸한 맛, 까끌까끌 정도와 후미는 AMP(아몬드)가, 기름진 맛, 걸쭉한 정도는 WNP(호두)가 유의적(p<0.001)으로 강하다고 평가되었고, 윤기, 바질 냄새, 견과류 냄새, 바질 맛은 견과류 종류에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 기호도 검사 결과, 냄새의 기호도는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 외관, 맛, 텍스처 및 전체적인 기호도는 잣을 이용한 PNP와 해바라기씨를 이용한 SSP가 가장 높았다. 바질 페스토는 저장기간이 길어질수록 a, b값과 점도가 증가한데 반해, L값과 pH는 감소하였다. 총 균수는 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하였다가 어느 일정 시점이 지남에 따라 다소 감소하였으나, 본 연구의 총 균수는 식품의 오염에 해당하지 않으므로 미생물학적으로 비교적 안정하였다. 따라서 페스토 제조시 잣 이외에도 해바라기씨를 이용하는 것에 대한 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-87
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the early irradiation changes on the ultrastructure of the capillary endothelial cell in the rat submandibular glands. For the study, 110 Sprague-Dawley strain male rats were singly irradiated to their neck regions with the doses of 2Gy, 5Gy, and 10Gy by 6MV X -irradiation, and sacrificed on the 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days after irradiation. The authors observed the histologic and ultrastructural changes of the capillary endothelial cell using the light and electron microscopes. The results were as follows: I. In the light microscopic examination, the capillary dilation was observed on the 6 hours group and the capillary density was slightly increased on the 12 hours group after 2Gy and 5Gy irradiation. And luminal size and capillary density were decreased on the 3 days and the 7 days groups after irradiation, after then, they were recovered. But capillary density was still decreased on the 14 days group after 10Gy irradiation. 2. In the transmission electron microscopic examination, the mild proliferation of cytoplasmic process of the endothelial cell and reduction in luminal size were observed on the 3 hours group after irradiation. After then, endothelial swelling, marked proliferation of cytoplasmic process, thickened basal lamina, and numerous pinocytotic vesicles were observed after the 1 day group after irradiation. Thickened basal lamina and numerous pinocytotic vesicles were still observed until the 7 days group after irradiation. These changes were recovered to normal on the 14 days group after 2Gy and 5Gy irradiation, but not after 10Gy irradiation. 3. In the scanning electron microscopic examination, the dilation of conduits and constriction, and meandering were observed on the 1 day group after 10Gy irradiation. These changes were observed with increased coarseness of the surface of the vascular resin casting on the 3 days group after irradiation. 4. From the above results, endothelial swelling, proliferation of cytoplasmic process, and thickening of the basal lamina appeared before the 6 hours group after irradiation. And these changes may also induce the increase of the capillary number and luminal size, after then, capillary permeability was increased via the increase of the number of pinocytotic vesicles. The changes were observed earlier and more apparent with the increase of the irradiation doses under the dose of 10Gy irradiation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.908-914
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 조릿대잎 추출물을 흰밥 무게의 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3% 또는 0.4% 혼합해 취반한 후 조릿대잎 추출물의 첨가가 흰밥의 물성 및 관능적 특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 수분 함량은 조릿대잎 추출물의 첨가로 모든 첨가 수준에서 대조밥에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으나 농도에 따른 차이는 없었다. 조릿대잎 추출물의 첨가로 밝기는 모든 첨가 수준에서 대조밥에 비해 유의하게 감소하였고 0.4% 첨가는 0.2%와 0.3% 첨가에 비해 더욱 감소했다. 황색도는 증가하였으며 농도 의존적인 변화를 보였다. 조직감을 나타내는 지표 중에서, 경도는 조릿대잎 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 높아져 0.3%와 0.4% 첨가는 대조밥에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 부착성과 응집성 및 탄력성은 변화를 보이지 않았다. 관능성 평가 결과, 조릿대잎 추출물의 첨가로 흰밥 특유의 냄새와 맛이 유의하게 저하된 반면에 대나무의 맛과 향이 증가했다. 아울러 색이 진해졌고, 점성, 경도, 부착성 및 깔깔함이 조릿대잎 추출물의 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 유의하게 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 긍정적인 변화와 부정적인 변화가 동시에 나타났는바, 전반적인 품질에는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 기호도 평가 결과에서는 경도를 제외한 모든 항목 즉, 향미, 윤기, 색, 맛, 점성, 밥을 삼킨 후 입안의 깔깔함 모두 조릿대잎 추출물 첨가로 대조밥에 비해 유의하게 감소하여 전반적으로 품질도 유의하게 낮아졌다. 비록 기호성이 유의하게 낮아지긴 했으나, 관능성 평가에서 나타난 변화가 전반적인 품질에 영향을 끼치지 않은 점은 대나무의 향과 맛을 긍정적으로 평가한 때문이라 사료된다. 결론적으로 조릿대잎 추출물을 흰밥에 0.2% 첨가하는 것은 관능성이 우수하고 기호성를 크게 해치지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1509-1515
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• 2010

본 실험에서는 식이섬유와 비타민 C가 풍부한 식품인 바나나의 활용도를 높이기 위해 바나나 분말을 5, 10, 15, 20% 첨가한 sponge cake 반죽의 비중, 점도, 반죽안정성과 바나나 분말을 첨가한 스펀지케이크의 수분함량, 일반성분, 부피, 무게, 색도, 조직감을 측정하고 관능검사를 실시하였다. 스펀지케이크 반죽 비중은 대조군과 5% 첨가군이 0.4였고 20% 첨가군까지는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 케이크 반죽 점도는 대조군보다 바나나 분말 첨가군들이 높게 나타났으며, Turbiscan을 이용하여 측정한 스펀지케이크 반죽 안정성은 10% 첨가군이 가장 높게 나타났다. 스펀지케이크의 수분함량은 바나나 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 바나나 분말을 첨가한 스펀지케이크의 외부와 내부 색도를 측정한 결과 외부의 L(명도)은 대조군과 15% 첨가군이 가장 낮았으며 20% 첨가군이 45.41로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. a(적색도)는 바나나 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였고, b(황색도)는 대조군이 20.35로 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며 5% 첨가군이 22.59로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 내부 L(명도)과 b(황색도)는 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으나 a(녹색도)는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 조직감 측정 시 경도(hardness)와 부서짐성(brittleness)은 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 부착성(adhesiveness), 씹힙성(chewiness)은 대조군과 첨가군들 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 관능평가에서 바나나 향과 거친 정도는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으나 단맛은 대조군과 첨가군 간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 계란향은 바나나 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였고, 이취는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 스펀지케이크의 색, 부드러움, 향미, 전체적인 기호도에서 대조군이 가장 높았으나 바나나 분말 첨가군에서는 10% 첨가군이 가장 높은 기호도를 보였다. 이의 결과를 고려해 볼 때 바나나 분말을 10% 첨가는 반죽안정성, 케이크의 부피지수, 경도, 전체적인 기호도를 고려할 때 최적 배합비로 제시되었다.