• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2021

Tubulysin은 다양한 암세포주에 대해 강한 항암활성을 보이는 점액세균 유래 이차대사 생리활성물질이다. 본 연구에서는 tubulysin을 생산하는 두 균주의 점액세균 Archangium gephyra MEHO_002와 MEHO_004의 유전체 분석을 통해 tubulysin 생합성 유전자들로 추정되는 유전자군을 발견하였으며, 플라스미드 삽입에 의한 유전자 불활성화를 통해 이들 유전자들이 tubulysin 생산과 직접 연관되어 있음을 확인하였다. A. gephyra MEHO_002와 MEHO_004 균주의 tubulysin 생합성 유전자군(tubA~tubF)은 DNA 염기서열이 서로 97% 동일하였으며, 암호화하는 단백질들의 아미노산 서열도 서로 97-100% 유사하였다. MEHO_002와 MEHO_004 균주의 tubulysin 생합성 유전자군은 tubulysin 생산 점액세균으로 알려진 Cystobacter sp. SBCb004의 tubulysin 생합성 유전자군과 DNA 염기서열이 86% 동일하였다. 유전자군의 구성은 tubZ 유전자가 존재하지 않는다는 점을 제외하고는 SBCb004의 tubulysin 생합성 유전자군 구성과 동일하였다. 각 유전자가 암호화하는 단백질의 아미노산 서열은 Cystobacter sp. SBCb004의 tubulysin 생합성 유전자가 암호화하는 단백질들과 88-97% 유사하였으며, 각 단백질들의 도메인 구성도 동일하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate whether the co-injection of antioxidants together with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination has the potential to attenuate the negative effects caused by vaccination in Holstein finishing steers. Methods: A total of 36 finishing Holstein steers (body weight [BW]: $608{\pm}45.6kg$, 17 months old) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: i) control (CON, only FMD vaccination without any co-injection), ii) co-injection of commercial non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with FMD vaccination at a ratio of 10:1 (NSAID vol/FMD vaccine vol) as a positive control (PCON), iii) co-injection of commercial mixture of vitamin E and selenium with FMD vaccination (VITESEL) (1 mL of FMD vaccine+1 mL of antioxidants per 90 kg of BW). Changes in growth performance and blood parameters because of treatments were determined. Results: No significant difference in BW, average daily gain, and dry matter intake of the steers was observed among the treatments. The FMD vaccination significantly increased white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, platelets, and mean platelet volume (p<0.01) in blood analysis. The count of lymphocyte tended to increase after vaccination (p = 0.08). In blood analysis, steers in VITESEL tended to have higher numbers of WBC, neutrophils, and platelets compared to that of other treatments (p = 0.09, 0.06, and 0.09, respectively). Eosinophils in VITESEL were higher than those in PCON (p<0.01). Among blood metabolites, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate transaminase were significantly increased, but cholesterol, alanine transferase, inorganic phosphorus, Mg, and albumin were decreased after FMD vaccination (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of antioxidants in FMD vaccination did not attenuate growth disturbance because of FMD vaccination. The metabolic changes induced by vaccination were not controlled by the administration of antioxidants. The protective function of antioxidants was effective mainly on the cell counts of leukocytes.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2022

Streptococcus sp.는 일반적으로 히알루론산을 생산하는 균주로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 Streptococcus 균주가 배양하면서 만들어내는 여러 대사산물 중 히알루론산 이외의 영양성분에 주목하였다. 히알루론산이 생성되지 않은 조건에서의 Streptococcus sp. 배양 여과물로 모발 실험용 샘플(HAIRCLE^TM)을 제조하고 모발에 미치는 효과를 확인하였다. 모발의 인장강도는 만능시험기(universal testing machine, UTM)로 측정하였으며, 모발표면의 미세구조는 atomic force microscope (AFM)으로 분석하였다. 이 연구를 통해 Streptococcus sp. 배양 여과물은 손상된 모표피개선, 마찰력증가 및 모발강도의 증가 등의 모발개선 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 in vitro 모발관련 실험을 통해 Streptococcus sp. 배양 여과물이 모발성장인자인 혈관내피세포 성장인자(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), 간세포성장인자(hepatocyte growth factor, HGF), Wnt10b의 발현 촉진 효과가 있음을 확인 하였으며, 안드로젠 수용체(androgen receptor, AR)와 TGF-β2 발현을 저해시켜 남성형 탈모완화 효과도 있음을 확인 하였다. 또한 산화스트레스에 대해 장벽 관련 인자(INV, CLDN-1)의 발현을 증가시키고, 염증성 인자인 COX-2 발현을 억제시킴으로써 손상된 두피 장벽을 개선하고 유도된 염증을 완화시키는 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1029-1042
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• 2023

본 연구는 기존에 과실주 발효 시, non-Saccharomyces 효모를 혼합 발효하여 향기성분을 증가시키는 기술을 확대하여 단독 및 혼합 발효로 제조한 탁주 술덧의 향기성분을 증가시킨 후 증류 과정을 통해 주질을 향상시킬 수 있다는 이론을 검증하고자 한 연구이다. 연구를 진행하기 전, 예상한 것처럼, 혼합 발효 증류식 소주에서 과실향을 나타내는 저분자 ester 계열의 휘발성 향기성분들의 함량이 증가하는 것이 입증되었으며, H. uvarum 계열의 효모를 사용한 경우, HU SJ69 혼합 발효구는 S. cerevisiae 단독 발효구와 비슷한 아미노산 함량을 나타냈으나, HU S6 혼합 발효구의 경우, 아미노산 함량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과, 휘발성 향기성분이 증가한 HU S6 혼합 발효구에서 SC NY21을 사용한 다른 증류식 소주들과 비교하여 유의적으로 큰 차이를 나타내지는 않았지만, 조금 더 높은 향미 점수를 얻은 것을 통해, 향후 non-Saccharomyces 효모의 혼합 발효를 통한 증류식 소주의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 기초연구로써 중요한 의미를 가진다고 판단된다. 또한, H. uvarum 계열 효모의 경우에는 국내에서는 식품 원료로 등재되지 않았기 때문에, 향후 산업적 이용을 위한 안전성 검증 등의 연구가 추가되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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• pp.151-155
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• 2005

Recently, systems biology has been increasingly applied to gain insights into the complexity of living organisms. Many inaccessible biological information and hidden evidences fur example flux distribution of the metabolites are simply revealed by investigation of artificial cell behaviors. Most bio-models are models of single cell organisms that cannot handle the multi-cellular organisms like plants. Herein, a structured and multi-cellular model of potato was developed to comprehend the root starch biosynthesis. On the basis of simplest plant cell biology, a potato structured model on the platform of Berkley Madonna was divided into three parts: photosynthetic (leaf), non-photosynthetic (tuber) and transportation (phloem) cells. The model of starch biosynthesis begins with the fixation of CO$_2$ from atmosphere to the Calvin cycle. Passing through a series of reactions, triose phosphate from Calvin cycle is converted to sucrose which is transported to sink cells and is eventually formed the amylose and amylopectin (starch constituents). After validating the model with data from a number of literatures, the results show that the structured model is a good representative of the studied system. The result of triose phosphate (DHAP and GAP) elevation due to lessening the aldolase activity is an illustration of the validation. Furthermore, the representative model was used to gain more understanding of starch production process such as the effect of CO$_2$ uptake on qualitative and quantitative aspects of starch biosynthesis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1982

균일(均一)하게 환표식(環標識)된 $^{14}C-butachlor$를 2종(二種)의 한국토양중에서 3개월간(三個月間) 혐기적으로 배양시 생성된 $^{14}CO_2$와 휘발성 물질의 량(量)은 근소하였다. 토양A에서는 고압살균한 경우와 살균하지 않은 경우 처리된 방사능의 77.52%와 45.36%가 각각 MeOH로 추출되었고 나머지는 토양중에 흡착되었다. 반면 토양B에서는 58.85%와 37.23%가 각각 추출되었고 나머지는 토양중에 잔류하였다. $^{14}C-butachlor$의 흡착은 토양의 특성에 좌우되었다. 또한 GLC-MS에 의하여 2,6-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)-acetanilide가 주된 대사산물로 밝혀졌고 2,6-diethyl aniline과 2,6-diethyl acetanilide는 소량 생성되었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2015

Based on the potential beneficial effects of growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP)-6 on muscle functions, a newly synthesized GHRP-6-biotin conjugate was tested on cultured myoblast cells. Increased expression of myogenic marker proteins was observed in GHRP-6-biotin conjugate-treated cells. Additionally, increased expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and collagen type I were observed. Furthermore, GHRP-6-biotin conjugate-treated cells showed increased metabolic activity, as indicated by increased concentrations of energy metabolites, such as ATP and lactate, and increased enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. Finally, binding protein analysis suggested few candidate proteins, including desmin, actin, and zinc finger protein 691 as potential targets for GHRP6-biotin conjugate action. These results suggest that the newly synthesized GHRP-6-biotin conjugate has myogenic stimulating activity through, at least in part, by stimulating collagen type I synthesis and several key proteins. Practical applications of the GHRP-6-biotin conjugate could include improving muscle condition. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(9): 501-506]

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA-uria)는 임상적 및 유전적으로 다양한 대사질환들을 총칭하는 질환군이다. 대부분의 경우 소변에서 3-MGA가 약간 증가되어 있거나 다른 대사물질이 같이 분비되는 경우에는 다른 대사질환이나 미토콘드리아 질환 등을 감별해야 한다. 그러나 지속적이며 반복적으로 소변 유기산 분석에서 3-MGA가 40-1,000 mmol/mol creatinine으로 상승되어 있는 경우에는 3-MGA-uria를 일으키는 질환을 감별해야 한다. 3-MGA-uria는 5가지 타입의 질환으로 분류되어 있고 Leucine 대사 질환인 일차성 3-MGA-uria와 4가지의 미토콘드리아 이상질환이 포함되어 있으며 임상적 및 생화학적 소견은 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 일차성 3-MGA-uria인 3-methyl-glutaconyl-CoA hydratase 결핍증 환자에서는 소변의 3-MGA가 다른 질환군에 비해 많이 증가되어 있고 소변에서 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid가 분비되는 것이 감별점이라 할 수 있다. 다른 종류의 3-MGA-uria의 경우에는 대개 임상적으로 잘 분류가 되어 있는 Barth 증후군, Costeff 증후군, TMEM 70 결핍, MEGDEL 증후군, and DCMA 증후군 등이 포함되어 있어 시신경 검사, 심장초음파 검사 및 발달 검사 등을 통하여 감별진단에 이를 수 있다. 이에 본 종설에서는 선별검사를 통해 3-MGA-uria가 양성이 나온 환자들의 적절한 진단 및 치료를 위한 지침을 제시하고자 한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2002

Phenoxy compounds, 2,4-Dichlorophenol acetoxy acid (2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), are widely used as a hormonal herbicide and intermediate for pesticide manufacturing, respectively. In order to assess the potential of these compounds as endocrine disruptors, we studied the androgenicity of them wing in vivo and in vitro androgenicity assay system. Administration of 2,4-D (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or DCP (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) to rats caused an increase in the tissue weight of ventral prostate, Cowpers gland and glands penis. These increase of androgen-dependent tissues were additively potentiated when rats were simultaneously treated with low dose of testosterone (1 g/kg, s.c.). 2,4-D increased about 350% of the luciferase activity in the PC cells transiently cotransfected phAR and pMMTV-Luc at concentration of $10^{-9}$ M. In 2,4-D or DCP-treated castrated rats, testosterone 6$\beta$-hydroxylase activity was not significantly modulated even when rats were co-treated with testosterone. In vitro incubation of 2,4-D and DCP with microsomes at 50 $\mu$M inhibited testosterone 6$\beta$-hydroxylase activity about 27% and 66% in rat liver microsomes, about 44% and 54% in human liver microsomes and about 50% and 45% in recombinant CYP3A4 system, respectively. The amounts of total testosterone metabolites were reduced about 33% and 75% in rat liver microsomes, 69% and 73% in human liver microsomes and 54% and 64% in recombinant CYP3A4 by 2,4-D or DCP, respectively. Therefore, the additive androgenic effect of 2,4-D or DCP by the co-administration of the low dose of testosterone may be due to the increased plasma level of testosterone by inhibiting the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of testosterone. These results collectively suggested that 2,4-D and DCP may act as androgenic endocrine disrupter by binding to the androgen receptor as well as by inhibiting the metabolism of testosterone.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2076-2086
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• 2016

Fungal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze versatile monooxygenase reactions and play a major role in fungal adaptations owing to their essential roles in the production avoid metabolites critical for pathogenesis, detoxification of xenobiotics, and exploitation avoid substrates. Although fungal CYP-dependent biotransformation for the selective oxidation avoid organic compounds in yeast system is advantageous, it often suffers from a shortage avoid intracellular NADPH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of bacterial glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) for the intracellular electron regeneration of fungal CYP monooxygenase in a yeast reconstituted system. The benzoate hydroxylase FoCYP53A19 and its homologous redox partner FoCPR from Fusarium oxysporum were co-expressed with the BsGDH from Bacillus subtilis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous expression and biotransformations. We attempted to optimize several bottlenecks concerning the efficiency of fungal CYP-mediated whole-cell-biotransformation to enhance the conversion. The catalytic performance of the intracellular NADPH regeneration system facilitated the hydroxylation of benzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with high conversion in the resting-cell reaction. The FoCYP53A19+FoCPR+BsGDH reconstituted system produced 0.47 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (94% conversion) in the resting-cell biotransformations performed in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.5 mM benzoic acid and 0.25% glucose for 24 h at $30^{\circ}C$. The "coupled-enzyme" system can certainly improve the overall performance of NADPH-dependent whole-cell biotransformations in a yeast system.