• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2015

서식 환경이 다른 바리과(family Serranidae) 어류 두 종, 붉바리 (Epinephelus akaara)와 brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus)의 종간 잡종 수정란의 부화율을 조사하였다. 잡종(붉바리 ♀ ${\times}$ brown marbled grouper ♂)의 수정 후 각 발생단계까지 소요시간은 붉바리 순종과 차이가 없었으며, 부화 소요시간은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 25.6시간이었다. 잡종은 붉바리 순종과는 달리 비균등 난할이 분명하게 관찰되었다. 잡종의 부화율은 네 수온(22, 25, 28, $31^{\circ}C$)에서 대체적으로 낮았으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 9.8%로 가장 높았다. 이상의 연구에서 서식환경이 서로 다른 바리과 두 종간 잡종이 생산 가능한 것으로 조사되었으며, 향후 산업적 활용성을 검증하기 위하여 발생 양상, 기형률 및 초기 생존율 등에 관한 면밀한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

목 적 : 소아 심장병의 주종을 이루고 있는 선천성 심장병 환아들에서 폐동맥 고혈압은 비교적 흔히 발생하지만 매우 치료하기 어려운 합병증이다. 폐동맥 고혈압의 원인과 치료 및 예방에 대해서는 아직 많이 알려지지 않은 실정이므로 이의 원인을 산소결핍이라는 전형을 이용하여 VEGF란 유전인자의 차원에서 규명하고, 나아가서는 폐동맥 고혈압의 치료 및 예방책을 마련하기 위하여 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 폐동맥 평활근 세포는 생후 6주 Fischer rat의 주폐동맥을 적출하여 작은 조각으로 잘라 20% fetal bovine serum을 첨가한 DMEM 배지를 사용하여 5% 이산화탄소 배양기에서 배양하였다. 배양된 세포는 평활근 세포에만 선택적으로 염색되는 평활근 myosin과 ${\alpha}$-actin 항체를 이용하여 염색함으로써 순수 평활근 세포임을 확인하였다. 5% 이산화탄소 배양기에서 배양한 대조군 세포와 1 또는 3% $O_2$ tension에서 배양한 실험군 세포에서의 VEGF 발현 차이와 starvation한 군과 하지 않은 군에서의 VEGF 발현 차이를 RT-PCR과 northern blotting을 이용하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : 대조군과 저산소 조건에서 배양한 실험군에서 VEGF 발현 정도는 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 아직 국내에서는 유전인자 차원에서의 폐동맥고혈압의 원인규명이나 이에 따른 치료에 대한 연구가 전혀 없는 상태이며, 이 연구에 이어 신생쥐와 성숙쥐와의 차이점 및 나아가서 사람과 쥐의 폐동맥 평활근 세포의 차이점 등을 규명할 예정이며, 이번 연구 결과를 바탕으로 폐동맥 고혈압의 원인기전 규명, 치료 및 예방방법 개발에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2014

패화석에 의한 카드뮴의 용출특성과 부동화 기작을 구명하기 위해 우리나라의 대표적인 석회비료인 소석회를 비교구로 선정하여 실내에서 비교시험을 실시하였다. 두 칼슘제재의 처리량을 증가시킴에 따라 토양의 pH와 음하전도는 증가하는 결과를 나타내었으나 소석회가 패화석에 비해 토양의 pH와 음하전도를 증대시키는 효과가 더욱 우수하였다. 소석회는 패화석에 비해 1 N $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd의 함량을 감소시키는 효과가 더욱 우수한 것으로 조사된 반면 패화석은 소석회에 비해 0.1 N HCl extracble Cd의 함량을 감소시키는 효과가 더욱 우수한 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서 소석회에 의한 카드뮴의 부동화기작은 주로 토양의 음하전도의 증대에 기인된 카드뮴의 흡착에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 패화석에 의한 카드뮴의 부동화기작은 음하전도의 증대에 기인된 카드뮴의 흡착 이외에 부가적으로 다공성의 패화석 내부에 카드뮴이 물리적으로 흡착되어지는 것에 기인되는 것으로 판단된다. 결과적으로 패화석은 토양 내 식물이 이용하기 쉬운 형태의 카드뮴의 함량(F2)을 저감시키고 식물이 거의 이용하기 힘든 형태의 카드뮴의 함량(F5)을 증가시켜 카드뮴으로 오염되어진 농경지에서 식물의 카드뮴 흡수를 저감시키기 위한 토양개량제로써의 활용가능성이 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.735-746
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro greenhouse gas mitigation activities of fermented Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract. Seven starter cultures were used, comprising four of lactic acid bacteria and three of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ten grams of S. baicalensis Georgi powder was diluted in 90 mL autoclaved MRS broth. Each seed culture was inoculated with 3-10% (v/v) S. baicalensis Georgi MRS broth and incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. Among the starter cultures used, only Lactobacillus plantarum EJ43 could withstand the fermentation conditions. This fermentation broth was dried and extracted with ethanol to assess its antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro methane mitigation activities. The extract of S. baicalensis Georgi fermented by L. plantarum EJ43 (SBLp) showed higher antibacterial activity (bigger clear zone) compared to the unfermented S. baicalensis Georgi extract (SB0). SBLp also presented 1.2 folds higher antioxidant activity than SB0. During in vitro rumen fermentation, SBLp showed reduction in methane production compared to SB0 or the control. In conclusion, fermentation by L. plantarum EJ43 may enhance antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis Georgi and decrease enteric methane production.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1990

폐흡충(Paragonimus Tuestermani) 피낭유충을 흰쥐(Wistar) 및 고양이에 감염시키고 감염 힐청이나 분회분리된 IgG또는 보체가 정상 또는 감염 흰쥐 복강 대식세포의 폐흡충 유충 살충에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 부착 실험 (adherence assay) 및 세포독성을 통하여 관찰하였다. 폐흡충 감염은 복강 대식세포를 비특이적으로 활성화시퍼 대식세포의 유충에 대한 부착률 및 세포독성을 증가시켰으며, 감염 혈청을 첨가하였을 때 항체-의존 세포매개성 세포독성에 의해 배양 6시간 후에 세포 부착률 및 세포독성이 가장 강하였다. 감염 혈청을 56℃에서 30분간 가열하였을 때 IgG 항체 변성에 의해 세포독성이 저하되었다. IgG 및 보체를 첨가한 경우 세포 부착률은 낮았으나 24시간 후에는 유충이 사멸하였다. 그러나 보체의 단독적인 역할은 이 실험에서 알 수 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.7
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at $39^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of $196{\pm}8.66kg$ were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results: The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly been recognized as the chemical mediators of mold interactions, shaping their community dynamics, growth, and metabolism. Herein, we selectively examined the time-correlated (0 D-11 D, where D = incubation days) effects of intraspecies VOC-mediated interactions (VMI) on Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 60345 (S1), following co-cultivation with partner strain A. oryzae KACC 44967 (S2), in a specially designed twin plate assembly. The comparative evaluation of $S1_{VMI}$ (S1 subjected to VMI with S2) and its control ($S1_{Con}$) showed a notable disparity in their radial growth ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, protease activity ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, amylase activity ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, and antioxidant levels ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3 D. Furthermore, we observed a distinct clustering pattern for gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry datasets from 5 D extracts of $S1_{VMI}$ and $S1_{Con}$ in principle component analysis (PC1: 30.85%; PC2: 10.31%) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (PLS1: 30.77; PLS2: 10.15%). Overall, 43 significantly discriminant metabolites were determined for engendering the metabolic variance based on the PLS-DA model (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). In general, a marked disparity in the relative abundance of amino acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, organic acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, and kojic acid ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5-7 D were observed. Examining the headspace VOCs shared between S1 and S2 in the twin plate for 5 D incubated samples, we observed the relatively higher abundance of C-8 VOCs (1-octen-3-ol, (5Z)-octa-1,5-dien-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol acetate) having known semiochemical functions. The present study potentially illuminates the effects of VMI on commercially important A. oryzae's growth and biochemical phenotypes with subtle details of altered metabolomes.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1993

These experiments were undertaken to establish the optimal culture systems for in vitro maturation, fertilization and subsequently embryonic development of porcine immature follicular oocytes isolated from the ovary of slaughtered pigs. Porcine ovaries were brought to the laboratory from local slaughter house within 1 hour after slaughtering and cumulus oocytes complexes were recovered from antral follicles (3~5mm) with 23 gauge needle. To maturate follicular oocytes, cumulus oocytes complexes were washed three times with TCM-199 containing 25mM HEPES and incubated (39$^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2 in air) for 42hrs. Ejaculated and liquid storaged boar spermatozoa capacitated with different sperm capacitation methods and media were prepared forfertilizaing of matured follicular oocytes in vitro. Fertilization was performed by adding 5~10${mu}ell$ of capacitated spermatozoa containing 1~5$\times$105 sperm/ml to droplets. Eighteen to twenty-eight hours after sperm insemination, fertilized eggs were washed three times with culture media and transferred to the culture media. The fertilization rates of in vitro matured follicular oocytes cultured in B. O., TCM-HEPES, m-KRB, and TALP-II media were 61.3%, 83.0%, 88.9% and 89.2%, respectively. In addition, the polyspermy rates were 60.7%, 66.5%, 53.8%, and 43.9%, respectively. These data indicated that the highest of fertilization and the lowest of polyspermy rate was shown in TALP-II medium. Spermatozoa capacitated by caffeine, heparin, and percoll density gradient treatment in the 4 different media, the fertilization rates were 33.0~57.2%, 39.9~90.2%, and 52.6~92.8%, respectively, showing the lowest rate in caffeine treatment. The development rate of follicular oocytes, fertilized with the spermatozoa capacitated by caffeine, heparin, and percoll gradient in the TALP-II medium, upto 2 to 4-cell stages were 32.6%, 74.5% and 70.9%, respectively. Finally, fertilization rates of follicular oocytes cultured with follicular fluid containing medium from 10 to 100% were 61.2~94.1% and the rates (90~94%) with 10~20% follicular fluids were significantly higher than those (85.3%) of cultured in the media without follicular fluid. In addition, the rates of pronucleus formation were also higher in follicular fluid treated group (73.1~83.0%) than those (64.7%) of oocytes cultured without follicular fluid. The highest fertilization and pronucleus formation rates was found in oocytes cultured with 10% follicular fluid. These results suggest that the addition of heparin or percoll density gradient method is better capacitation method. Furthermore, the addition of porcine follicular fluid to the fertilization medium may improve the fertilization rates and formation of pronucleus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.743-748
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• 2016

Background: $K^-Ras$ activation is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis and associated mutations have been reported in about 40% of colorectal cancer patients. These mutations have always been responsible for enhancing malignancy and silencing them is associated with attenuation of tumorigenicity. Among downstream effectors are the RAF/MEK/ERK and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. PI3K/Akt signaling leads to reduction of apoptosis, stimulated cell growth and enhanced proliferation. Ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring antioxidant, has recently emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of cellular genetic makeup of two colon cancer cell lines with different genetic backgrounds, HCT-116 ($K^-Ras^-/p53^+$) and Caco-2 ($K^-Ras^+/p53^-$), on response to potential anti-tumour effects of EA. In addition, the influence of $K^-Ras$ silencing in HCT-116 cells was investigated. Materials and Methods: Cellular proliferation, morphology and cell cycle analysis were carried out in addition to Western blotting for detecting total Akt and p-Akt (at Thr308 and Ser473) in the presence and absence of different concentrations of EA. Cell proliferation was also assessed in cells transfected with different concentrations of $K^-Ras$ siRNA or incubated with ellagic acid following transfection. Results: The results of the present study revealed that EA exerts anti-proliferative and dose-dependent pro-apoptotic effects. Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were also observed. p-Akt (at Thr308 and Ser473) was downregulated. Moreover, EA treatment was found to (i) reduce $K^-Ras$ protein expression; (ii) in cells transfected with siRNA and co-treated with EA, pronounced anti-proliferative effects as well as depletion of p-Akt (at Thr308) were detected. Conclusions: Cellular genetic makeup ($K^-Ras^-/p53^-$) was not likely to impose limitations on targeting EA in treatment of colon cancer. EA had a multi-disciplinary pro-apoptotic anti-proliferative approach, having inhibited Akt phosphorylation, induced cell cycle arrest and showed an anti-proliferative potential in HCT-116 cells (expressing mutant $K^-Ras$).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2014

Background/Aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B7-H1, both normally expressed restricted to immune cells, are found to be aberrantly expressed in a majority of human tumors and may play important roles in regulation of tumor immunity. It has been shown that urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients can manifest tumoral immune escape which may be a potential critical factor in tumor pathogenesis and progression. However, so far, the mechanisms of UBC-related immune escape have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of UBC. Methods: Bladder cancer T24 cells were pre-incubated with LPS and co-cultured with tumor specific CTLs. CTL cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effects of an ERK inhibitor on B7-H1 expression and CTL cytotoxicity against T24 cells were also evaluated. In addition, TLR4, B7-H1 and PD-1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 60 UBC specimens and 10 normal urothelia. Results: TLR4 activation protected T24 cells from CTL killing via B7-H1 overexpression. However PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, enhanced CTL killing of T24 cells by reducing B7-H1 expression. TLR4 expression was generally decreased in UBC specimens, while B7-H1 and PD-1 were greatly overexpressed. Moreover, expression of both B7-H1 and PD-1 was significantly associated with UICC stage and WHO grade classification. Conclusions: TLR4 and B7-H1 may contribute to immune escape of UBC. Targeting B7-H1 or the ERK pathway may offer new immunotherapy strategies for bladder cancer.