• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

Recently, there has been increased demand for automatic warehouses with racks which are installed inside the warehouses to allow vertical loading of products or goods for space efficiency. Therefore considerations about fire hazards are extremely necessary. In this study, the fire hazard of automatic warehouse with racks was analyzed in the view of fire prevention engineering. It appeared its fire hazard was extremely high because of the undefined fire zones, the windowless floor, the large volume, the difficulty of extinguishment and the smoke emission in the view of building itself, and because of the fire hazard of load itself, the high fire load, and the chimney effect in the view of fire.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2011년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.373-377
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• 2011

심하게 소손된 화재현장은 남아 있는 잔존물만으로 초기 화재의 유형을 판단하기 곤란할 때가 많다. 화재로 인해 사람이 사망하였을 경우 혈중 일산화탄소-헤모글로빈 농도는 생존 당시의 화재의 유형을 가늠할 수 있으며 촉진제를 사용한 급격한 화재의 경우 열기와 유독가스로 인해 재실자의 생존은 화재진행속도와 비례되어 체내 헤모글로빈 일산화탄소 농도는 낮았으며, 훈소와 같이 서서히 진행되는 연소의 경우 오랜 시간 호흡하면서 체내에 축적되는 일산화탄소 농도는 증가하였다. 이러한 인체의 헤모글로빈-일산화탄소 농도를 분석하면 생존 시 어떠한 형태의 화재에 노출되었는지 알 수 있었다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The definition of an apartment is a building more than 5 stories high and which is the standard law. Currently, the number of apartments is increasing much faster than detached houses. Owning an apartment is a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of apartments has been increasing the number of apartment fires which also has been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire extinguisher among other fire facilities because it is important for initial fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire extinguisher that is in the underground parking lot of 40 apartment complexes which are more than 10 stories. Survey and analysis were conducted for 80 fire extinguishers. There are two fire extinguishers for each apartment. The result of this study is that all installed fire extinguishers are ABC dry chemical type, 92% of them is 3.3kg and that meet the legal height(less than 1.5m). However, the condition such as appearance, inspection, manufactured year, appearance of signs, material of signs, size of signs, etc. was insufficiency. So improvement of law and system that are fire facility construction, maintenance implementation and additional designation of type approval about sign will be needed in my opinion.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.154-162
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• 2002

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1997

A series of measurements and visualization to investigate the extingushiment of water sprays with pool fires is presented. Fire source is a small-scale pool burner with methanol, ethanol and gasoline. Measurements of temperature, O2, CO2, and CO concentrations along the plume centerline are carried out to observe pool structures without water sprays. Visualization by the Ar-ion laser sheet flow pattern of droplets of the sprays above the pool fires. It is observed than in the case of methanol and ethanol, water sprays continuously penetrate into the center of fuel surfaces. The gasoline pool fire allows intermittent penetration of water sprays because of pulsating characteristics of the gasoline flame. To evaluate the cooling effect of the fuel surface by the sprays, the temperature was measured at the fuel surface. As soon as the mists reach the fuel surface of methanol and ethanol, the temperatures of the fuel surface decrease rapidly below the boiling point, and then the fires are extinguished. Due to the application of mist upon the gasoline fire, though the fuel temperature decrease abruptly at the time of the injection, such a repid decrease do not continue till the extinction point.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.266-269
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• 2012

화재 시뮬레이션을 이용하면, 건축물에서 화재가 발생하는 경우 건물에 설치된 감지 시스템 및 자동식 소화설비 등의 작동 여부에 따라 건물 내부의 온도 변화, 산소 및 일산화탄소 농도 변화, 연기유동 현상 등 화재 안전에 관련된 요소를 확인, 분석이 가능하기 때문에 건물의 화재 안전성을 검증하는데 활용할 수 있고 방재시스템 설계 조건을 변경하여 반복 시뮬레이션을 실시함으로써 보다 효율성이 높은 방재 시스템을 설계 및 채택할 수 있다. 또한 화재 시뮬레이션 결과를 감안하여 유사시 효과적으로 대응할 수 있도록 방재계획을 수립할 수 있고, 건축물의 구조, 내장재 및 수용품에 대한 설계, 배치 등에 사용할 수 있으며, 화재사고조사 및 원인 규명에도 활용할 수 있는 등 화재 시뮬레이션의 활용분야는 광범위하다. 최근 국내에도 화재로 인한 인적/물적 피해와 화재 안전 설계에 대한 관심증가로 화재 모델에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구가 시뮬레이션을 이용한 결과 분석에 치중되어있고 화재 시뮬레이션에 관한 특성 연구 및 개발은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 자료는 국내에서 화재 시뮬레이션 코드로 많이 알려지지 않았으며, 유럽에서 개발된 SOFIE(Simulation of Fire in enclosures)에 대해서 기초적인 연구를 수행하였으며, SOFIE에 대한 특정 문제나 평가 부분은 다루지 아니하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2024

K-Maryblyt has been developed for the effective control of secondary fire blight infections on blossoms and the elimination of primary inoculum sources from cankers and newly emerged shoots early in the season for both apple and pear trees. This model facilitates the precise determination of the blossom infection timing and identification of primary inoculum sources, akin to Maryblyt, predicting flower infections and the appearance of symptoms on various plant parts, including cankers, blossoms, and shoots. Nevertheless, K-Maryblyt has undergone significant improvements: Integration of Phenology Models for both apple and pear trees, Adoption of observed or predicted hourly temperatures for Epiphytic Infection Potential (EIP) calculation, incorporation of adjusted equations resulting in reduced mean error with 10.08 degree-hours (DH) for apple and 9.28 DH for pear, introduction of a relative humidity variable for pear EIP calculation, and adaptation of modified degree-day calculation methods for expected symptoms. Since the transition to a model-based control policy in 2022, the system has disseminated 158,440 messages related to blossom control and symptom prediction to farmers and professional managers in its inaugural year. Furthermore, the system has been refined to include control messages that account for the mechanism of action of pesticides distributed to farmers in specific counties, considering flower opening conditions and weather suitability for spraying. Operating as a pivotal module within the Fire Blight Forecasting Information System (FBcastS), K-Maryblyt plays a crucial role in providing essential fire blight information to farmers, professional managers, and policymakers.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

최근 국내 도심지 도로는 빈번한 교통정체가 발생하고 있다. 도심지 교통정체를 해소하기 위한 방안으로 국내에서는 대심도 복층터널에 대한 계획이 이루어지고 있다. 국내에서 계획되는 대심도 복층터널은 소형차 전용으로 계획되며 네트워크형의 구조를 가지고 있어 차량의 출입이 지하공간에서 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 네트워크형 대심도 복층터널은 터널의 단면 및 높이가 일반도로터널 보다 작고 차량의 출입으로 인한 교통풍의 작용으로 화재연기가 터널 승객의 대피보다 빠르게 전파되어 인명피해 발생이 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 네트워크형 대심도 복층터널에 화재시 화재연기 확산지연을 방지하고자 화재연기 확산지연 장치 작동시 터널 차단면적에 터널 내 작용하는 유입풍의 저감효과를 분석하였으며, 분석결과 터널 차단면적이 50% 이상일 경우 터널 내 작용하는 풍속을 약 21% 저감시키는 효과가 나타났으며, 면적이 50% 이상일 경우 화재 연기의 확산속도를 약 21% 저감시켜 안전한 대피에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Onboard fire extinguishing system is important to protect cargo and human lives and every oil tanker has foam type fire extinguishing system. Because of environmental problem, agent which contains materials such as Perfluorinated compounds are regulated and the development of the environmental friendly agent is required. The protein foam has less environmental pollution problem and has an excellent fire extinguish performance to oil fire. In the research, bivalency metal salts were added as stabilizer to increase fire resistance and stability of the foam. Ferrous sulfate, Iron chloride and Nickel chloride were used and to adjust to vessel, sea water was applied. As a stabilizer increased, the expansion ratio was raised. However 25% drainage time was decreased over 2.0 wt.% which is knowable that the foam brokes easily. The amount of generated foam was measured to check fluidity of foam and it appeared that when $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, the amount of generated foam reached large and also the 25% drainage time was high. To evaluate the fire extinguishing performance for oil fire, the small scale oil fire test was executed. When $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, fire extinguishing time was in its shortest which informs fluidity of foam and stability are important factors on fire extinguishing efficiency.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The prevention of disasters in cultural property is very important management and historical duties. The reason can't be measured values with monetary scale of our contemporary. Therefore, this paper was considered fire-safety as one of terrible threat-disasters about the wooden buildings. This research deal with 47 cases cultural property wooden building by whole investigation(field survey and interview) in Gangnung province. The most buildings have basic fire extinguisher; ABC powder. A few buildings are rarely installed fire extinguishing equipments; outdoor fire hydrant, heat sensor, ground sprinkler, CO2-hose-reel. But these state is very insufficient for the fire-safety in cultural property wooden buildings. Specially as particular attention in province, forest fire of regional characteristic have close relation with cultural property fire. The majority of factor against forest and building fire is to provide monitoring and security system; CCTV, Fence, Sensor, Alarm and paid guard man against incendiary. Ultimately it is necessary to construct comprehensive disaster prevention system with the organic cooperation such as National Emergency Management Agency, Cultural Heritage Administration, Forest Service, local government officials and regional citizen.