• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.760-761
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• 2010

As is widely known, SPL measurement using sound level meter (SLM) is limited to higher than 30 dBA, because of the self-noise n(x) of condenser microphone (CM). The authors confirmed n(x) is composed of 3 kinds, each of which is stable enough under the condition -20 ~ +50 deg C to eliminate the influence of n(x) by subtracting its energy from the squared input signal in the integration process, as well as to develop new type of SLM with ultra-low SPL measuring function. This is so-called "0-dB SLM" since it enables to measure SPL down to around 0 dB-SPL. The RMS of n(x) is acquired and stored in ROM in advance, by placing CM in the supersilent space or by using dummy microphone with equivalent capacitance before the actual measurements.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2014

The objective of this work was to examine the influence of carbonation on the microstructure of cement materials. Different materials, which were CEM I mortar and paste, CEM II mortar and paste, were carbonated at $20^{\circ}C$, 65 % relative humidity and 20 % of $CO_2$ concentration. The specific surface area and pore size distribution were determined from two methods: nitrogen adsorption and water adsorption. The results showed that: (1) nitrogen adsorption and water adsorption do not cover the same porous domains and thus, we observed conflicts in the results obtained by these two techniques; (2) the CEM II based materials seemed to be more sensible to a creation of mesoporosity after carbonation than the CEM I based materials. The results of this study also helped to explain why observations in the literature diverge greatly on the influence of carbonation on specific surface area.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.86-89
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• 2013

This paper shows a new effective approach to measure crystallization temperature of soft magnetic underlayer (SUL) for next generation of heat assisted perpendicular recording media. This approach uses temperature dependent reflectivity, which shows a clear jump when samples are crystallized. To achieve this measurement, an optical system is set up using hot plate and infrared laser. Reflectivity of SUL $(Co_{70}Fe_{30})_{92}Ta_3Zr_5$ shows a clear jump at its amorphous-crystalline transition temperature. Experiment results show this effect is clear in infrared region, and is weak for visible light.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.376-381
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• 2004

The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given formal and explicit meaning. The Semantic Web enables computer programs to understand information contents and thus facilitates more efficient discovery, automation, integration and sharing of data. To create Semantic Web contents one needs appropriate tools. In this paper, we describe such a toolkit we have constructed. The most important feature of the toolkit is that it makes use of information extraction techniques for automatically annotating web page contents. Experiments with a real life application show promising results and demonstrate the usefulness of the toolkit.

• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-54
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• 2004

Isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber was isothermally activated in $CO_2$ atmosphere. Structural parameters of the isotropic carbon fibers and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The $d_{002}$ and La of the carbon fibers were measured to be 4.04 ${\AA}$ and 23.6 ${\AA}$ and those of ACFs were 4.29 ${\AA}$ and 22.7 ${\AA}$, respectively, representing less ordered through activation process. The pores in the ACFs were characterized by BET, and they showed super-high specific surface area of maximum value 3,495 $m^2/g$ from average pore size of 8.3 ${\AA}$ at 59% burn-off. It was recognized that 8-9 ${\AA}$ was optimum range of pore size for efficient creation of high specific surface area. The average size of the pores formed at higher temperature ($1100^{\circ}C$) was larger than that of the pores formed at lower temperature ($900^{\circ}C$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.216-221
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• 2010

초기 전자악기를 만드는 사람들은 자신들이 직접 만든 터치 장치를 사운드 조절에 이용하였다. 1982년에 첫 멀티터치 시스템이 개발되었고 21세기 초까지 많은 연구와 멀티터치 시스템의 성능 향상에도 불구하고 대중화의 길은 요원해 보였다. 그러나 2007년 애플의 아이폰을 시작으로 멀티터치 인터페이스는 큰 인기를 끌게 되었고 스마트폰을 통해서 대중들이 멀티터치 인터페이스의 특징을 보다 쉽게 체험 할 수 있게 되었다. 이러한 흐름 속에서 멀티터치 인터페이스는 자연스럽게 사람들의 주목을 받으며 다양한 가능성을 보이고 있지만 관련 콘텐츠의 부재와 개발 인프라의 부족으로 인해 대중화의 길로 다가서기에는 여전히 부족한 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 현재의 멀티터치 인터페이스의 문제점을 지적하고 멀티터치 인터페이스 시장의 활성화와 멀티 터치 관련 콘텐츠 제작자를 위한 범용 멀티터치 인터랙션 시스템을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 제안한 시스템의 효율성을 입증하고 나아가 멀티터치 콘텐츠 시장이 발전할 수 있는 방안을 제시한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.151-170
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• 2021

This case study research analyzes the cross-artistic project Connect, BTS and its relationship to transmedia branding, meaning-making and spatiality. After an overview of the argument and a section on methodology, the reader will find the analysis of the case study. Thanks to the use of a qualitative approach, this examination of Connect, BTS unveils the ways in which this initiative becomes a location that allows a reconceptualization of space that fosters plurality, exchange, and subjectivity. Connect, BTS unites seemingly incompatible fields under one project, favoring the co-creation of meanings among different artists, BTS, ARMY (the group's fans), business partners and viewers. This process has been investigated through content analysis, exploring Connect, BTS's transmedia strategies from branding to storytelling, to evaluate their efficacy in regard to brand identity, brand experience, and brand trust. The paper will also explore the variety of layers and spatial dimensions contained in Connect, BTS, which flow from art to the music industry, material and digital space, various market sectors and media. In light of this, Connect, BTS embraces a galaxy of separate semantic units into an extended liminal continuum that does not discount difference.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.12-16
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• 2011

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is being widely spread in AEC industry worldwide and also in South Korea. Although the creation of digital model is better to be started at design stage, it can also improve the productivity of construction by simulating the actual construction process and environment. This paper presents application of BIM-based simulations related with design changes to transfer floors in 58-storey reinforced concrete office building. Transfer floor is not only a structurally important part of the building but also a challenging part of the actual construction in terms of sequence and period due to the complexity of the work. Preconstruction of rebar, mechanical, and plumbing is performed to review the construction drawings and to perform clash detection. Each item of application is evaluated for its effectiveness on actual construction and for the development potential.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the shear bond strength of different zirconia veneering ceramics with and without liner glass materials to yttria partially-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP). Methods: Five co mmercial zirconia veneering ceramics were used in this study, E-Max(EM), Creation ZI(CR), Cercon ceram kiss(CE), Triceram(TR) and Zirkonzahn ICE(ZI). All samples were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. Experimental industrially manufactured Y-TZP ceramic blocks(diameter: 2.7 mm; height: 13.5 mm) were used in this study. Shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic coping and zirconia veneering ceramics were evaluated by the push-shear bond test. The fracture load data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe's test(${\alpha}$=0.05). The fractured surfaces of zirconia core ceraimc and zirconia veneering ceramics were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results: The mean shear bond strengths ranged from 20 MPa ($20.12{\pm}6.34$ MPa) to 66.6 MPa ($66.62{\pm}10.01$ MPa). The Triceram(TRG) showed the highest value and Creation ZI(CR) showed the lowest value. In all groups, Zirconia liner and glass material groups was significantly higher shear bond strength than without liner(P<0.05), with the exception of Cercon ceram kiss(CE)groups. Conclusion: Zirconia bonding materials may have the advantage of improved bond strength between zirconia ceramic core and veneering ceramics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.69-81
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• 2000

Under the co-sponsorship of UNIDROIT and I.C.A.O., a preliminary draft Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and a preliminary draft Protocol on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment has been prepared. The purpose of the Convention is to provide for the creation and effect of a new international interest in mobile equipment. The Convention's approach is quite novel in that it purports to create an international interest based upon the convention itself. The Convention is intended to be supplemented by Protocols, each of is intended to provide equipment-specific rules necessary to adapt the rules of the Convention to fit the special pattern of financing for different categories of equipment. To date, two sessions of governmental experts were held in Rome and Montreal. Korean delegations attended the two sessions. One of the members of the Korean delegation published a report on the first session. He expressed his objection to the so called self-help remedy contemplated by the current preliminary draft of the Convention which enables the holder of a security interest to repossess and dispose of the subject of the security interest by private sale rather than public auction on the occurrence of an event of default of the debtor. His view is based upon his understanding that under Korean law, the only remedy available to the holder of a security interest in mobile equipment, such as an airplane, is to apply to the competent court for a public auction. In my view, his understanding is not quite correct and is inconsistent with the current practice in Korea. Under Korean law, the parties' agreement for private sale is in principle valid unless there is an interested party who has acquired a security interest after the creation of the prior security interest or a creditor who has caused the subject of the security interest to be attached by a competent court. In this article, I discuss the current Korean law and practice relating to the enforcement of security interests by private sale in more detail.