• 제목/요약/키워드: Co-contamination

검색결과 451건 처리시간 0.176초

설마천 유역 CO2 Flux 실측 자료에 의한 총일차생산성 (GPP)과 MODIS GPP간의 비교 평가 (Evaluation of MODIS Gross Primary Production (GPP) by Comparing with GPP from CO2 Flux Data Measured in a Mixed Forest Area)

  • 정충길;신형진;박민지;조형경;김성준
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2011
  • In this study, In order to evaluate reliable of MODIS GPP, the MODIS GPP and Flux tower measured GPP were compared to evaluate the use of method on 8 days composite MODIS GPP. The 2008 Flux data ($CO_2$ Flux and air temperature) measured in Seolmacheon watershed ($8.48\;km^2$) were used. The Flux tower GPP was estimated as the sum of $CO_2$ Flux and $R_{ec}$ (ecosystem respiration) by Lloyd and Taylor method (1994). The summer Monsoon period from June to August mostly contributed the underestimation of MODIS GPP by cloud contamination on MODIS pixels. The 2008 MODIS GPP and Flux tower GPP of the watershed were $1133.2\;g/m^2/year$ and $1464.3\;g/m^2/year$ respectively and the determination coefficient ($R^2$) after correction of cloud-originated errors was 0.74 (0.63 before correction). Even though effect of Cloud-Originated Errors was eliminated, Solar radiation and Temperature are affected at GPP. Measurement of correct GPP is difficult. But, If errors of MODIS GPP analyze on Cloud Moonsoon Climate in korea and eliminated effect of Cloud-Originated Errors, MODIS GPP will be considered GPP increasing of 9 %. There, Our results indicate that MODIS GPP show reliable and useful data except for summer period in Moonsoon Climate.

온도에 따른 원유분해미생물의 생물학적 정화효율 평가 (Evaluation of Bioremediation Efficiency of Crude Oil Degrading Microorganisms Depending on Temperature)

  • 김종성;이인;정태양;오승택;김국진
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.72-79
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    • 2016
  • Bioremediation is one of the most effective ways to remediate TPH-contaminated sites. However, under actual field conditions that are not at the optimum temperature, degradation of microorganisms is generally reduced, which is why the efficiency of biodegradation is known to be significantly affected by the soil temperature. Therefore, in this study, the labscale experiment was conducted using indigenous crude oil degrading microorganisms isolated from crude oil contaminated site to evaluate the remediation efficiency. Crude oil degrading microorganisms were isolated from crude oil contaminated soil and temperature, which is a significant factor affecting the remediation efficiency of land farming, was adjusted to evaluate the microbial crude oil degrading ability, degradation time, and remediation efficiency. In order to assess the field applicability, the remediation efficiency was evaluated using crude oil contaminated soil (average TPH concentration of 10,000 mg/kg or more) from the OO premises. Followed by the application of microorganisms at 30℃, the bioremediation process reduced its initial TPH concentration of 10,812 mg/kg down to 1,890 mg/kg in 56 days, which was about an 83% remediation efficiency. By analyzing the correlation among the total number of cells, the number of effective cells, and TPH concentration, it was found that the number of effective microorganisms drastically increased during the period from 10 to 20 days while there was a sharp decrease in TPH concentration. Therefore, we confirmed the applicability of land farming with isolated microorganisms consortium to crude oil contaminated site, which is also expected to be applicable to bioremediation of other recalcitrant materials.

원유내 내냉성 미생물의 오염에 따른 유리 D-amino acid의 생성 (Production of Free D-amino Acids in Raw Milk Related to Psychrotrophic Bacterial Contamination)

  • 김철현;송영민;백승천
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 2004
  • 유단백질에서 유래된 아미노산은 주로 L-이성체의 형태로 존재하나 일부 미생물 세포벽의 구성성분과 일부 항생물질내 D-amnio acid(DAA)가 존재하고 있는 것으로 보고 되고 있으며 이는 유제품의 품질저하와 연관된다. 따라서 이 연구는 품질저하와 연관된다. 따라서 이 연구는 내냉성미생물 P. fluorescens와 P. putida에 의한 DAA 생성에 관해 실험하였다. 상업용 혼합 유산균주인 ABT-C를 접종하여 발효시간대별로 free D-amino acid를 분석하였으며, 실험결과 전체적인 DAA 함량은 매우 낮은 수준이고, 특히 발효시간대별 변화가 크게 없어 유산균의 증식에 의한 DAA의 생성은 매우 미미한 것으로 나타났고, 또한 일부 L-amino acid의 경우 유산균의 생육에 이용되는데 DAA의 경우 발효시간대별 함량이 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 보아 유산균의 이용성 역시매우 낮은 것으로 생각된다. 원유에서 분리한 P. fluorescens와 P. putida를 접종하여 배양시간대별로 free D-amino acid를 분석하였으며 실험결과 두 처리구 모두 배양시간에 따라 DAA의 생성이 증가되는 경향을 나타내었으며, P. putida의 경우 P. fluorescens에 비해 D-Pro의 증가량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으나 나머지 4종은 P. fluorescens에 의한 생성량이 더욱 높게 나타났고, 특히 유해성이 높은 것으로 보고된 D-Asp 및 D-Ala의 함량이 매우 높게 나타났다. 따라서 DAA는 내냉성미생물에 의한 품질저하 지표로서 이용가능성과 더불어 인체의 유해성에 대한 위험성을 배제하는 차원에서도 매우 중요하게 인식되어야 할 것으로 사료된다

공주제일광산 수계에 분포하는 지하수, 지표수, 토양 및 퇴적물의 환경지구화학적 특성과 중금속 오염 (Environmental Geochemistry and Heavy Matel Contamination of Ground and Surface Water, Soil and Sediment at the Kongjujuil Mine Creek, Korea)

  • 이찬희
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.611-631
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    • 1999
  • Enviromental geochemisty and heary metal contamination at the Kongjueil mine creek were underaken on the basis of physicohemical properties and mineralogy for various kinds of water (surface, mine and ground water),soil, precipitate and sediment collected of April and December in 1998. Hydrgeochemical composition of the water samples are characterized by relatively significant enricant of Ca+Na, alkiali ions $NO_3$ and Cl inground and surfore water, wheras the mine waters are relatively eneripheral water of the mining creek have the characteristics of the (Ca+Mg)-$(HCO_3+SO_4)$type. The pH of the mine water is high acidity (3.24)and high EC (613$\mu$S/cm)compared with those of surface and ground water. The range of $\delta$D and $\delta^{18}O$ values (relative to SMOW) in the waters are shpwn in -50.2 to -61.6% and -7.0 to -8.6$\textperthousand$(d value=5.8 to 8.7). Using computer program, saturation index of albite, calcite, dolomite in mine water are nearly saturated. The gibbiste, kaolinite and smectite are superaturated in the surface and ground water, respectively. Calculated water-mineral reaction and stabilities suggest that weathing of silicate minerals may be stable kaolinite owing to the continuous water-rock reaction. Geochemical modeling showed that mostly toxic heavy metals may exist larfely in the from of metal-sulfate $(MSO_4\;^2)$and free metal $(M^{2+})$ in nmine water. These metals in the ground and surface water could be formed of $CO_3$ and OH complex ions. The average enrichment indices of water samples are 2.72 of the groundwater, 2.26 of the surface water and 14.15 of the acid mine water, normalizing by surface water composition at the non-mining creek, repectively. Characteristics of some major, minor and rate earth elements (Al/Na, K/Na, V/Ni, Cr/V, Ni/Co, La/Ce, Th/Yb, $La_N/Yb_N$, Co/Th, La/Sc and Sc/Th) in soil and sediment are revealed a narrow range and homogeneous compositions may be explained by acidic to intermediate igneous rocks. And these suggested that sediment source of host granitic gneiss colud be due to rocks of high grade metamorphism originated by sedimentary rocks. Maximum concentrations of environmentally toxic elements in sediment and soil are Fe=53.80 wt.% As=660, Cd=4, Cr=175, Cu=158, Mn=1010, Pb=2933, Sb=4 and Zn=3740 ppm, and extremely high concentrations are found are found in the subsurface soil near the ore dump and precipitates. Normalizing by composition of host granitic gneiss, the average enerichment indices are 3.72 of the sediments, 3.48 of the soils, 10.40 of the precipitates of acid mine drainage and 6.25 of the soils near the main adit. The level of enerichment was very severe in mining drainage sediments, while it was not so great in the soils. mineral composition of soil and sediment near the mining area were partly variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. reddish variable being composed of quartz, mica, feldspar, chlorite, vermiculite, bethierin and clay minerals. Reddish brown precipitation mineral in the acid mine drainage identifies by schwertmanite. From the separated mineralgy, soil and sediment are composed of some pyrite, arsenopyite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, malachite, goethite and various kinds of hydroxied minerals.

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전국 지화학도 자료를 이용한 지질기원 중금속의 지화학적 발생특성 (Geochemical Occurrence Characteristics of Geogenic Heavy Metals in Korea Evaluated Using Geochemical Map Data)

  • 안주성;염승준;조용찬;임길재;지상우;이정화;이평구;이정호;신성천
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.339-352
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    • 2022
  • 환경 기준 항목이 증가하거나 강화되면서 지질기원에 의한 중금속 오염사례가 증가하고 있으며, 토양이나 지하수의 기준치 초과양상에서 자연적 기원인지 인위적 기원인지 구분해야 할 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전국 지화학도 자료에 대한 통계적 처리와 높은 지질축적지수 분포 지역의 지화학적 특성을 평가하여 중금속 원소들의 지질기원 발생요인을 규명하였다. 지화학도가 작성된 Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn 등을 대상으로 하였으며, 초염기성암 또는 초고철질암에서 기원한 Co, Cr, Ni, V이 요인 1로, 비철금속 황화광물에 기인한 Cu, Pb, Zn가 요인 2로 구분되어졌다. 특히 충청지역의 사문암체 분포지역에서 요인 1에 의한 중금속 지질기원 부화현상이 주로 나타나며 이를 포함한 인근지역에서도 오염 위험이 있다. 요인 2의 경우 태백산 및 경남 광화대 등지의 비철금속 광화지역 뿐만 아니라 국내의 전반적인 금-은 광화대 지역에서도 지질기원 부화현상이 우려된다.

High-$T_c$ SQUID Application for Roll to Roll Metallic Contaminant Detector

  • Tanaka, S.;Kitamura, Y.;Uchida, Y.;Hatsukade, Y.;Ohtani, T.;Suzuki, S.
    • Progress in Superconductivity
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.82-86
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    • 2012
  • A sensitive eight-channel high-Tc Superconducting Interference Device (SQUID) detection system for magnetic contaminant in a lithium ion battery anode was developed. Finding ultra-small metallic foreign matter is an important issue for a manufacturer because metallic contaminants carry the risk of an internal short. When contamination occurs, the manufacturer of the product suffers a great loss from recalling the tainted product. Metallic particles with outer dimensions smaller than 100 microns cannot be detected using a conventional X-ray imaging system. Therefore, a highly sensitive detection system for small foreign matter is required. We have already developed a detection system based on a single-channel SQUID gradiometer and horizontal magnetization. For practical use, the detection width of the system should be increased to at least 65 mm by employing multiple sensors. In this paper, we present an 8-ch high-Tc SQUID roll-to-roll system for inspecting a lithium-ion battery anode with a width of 65 mm. A special microscopic type of a cryostat was developed upon which eight SQUID gradiometers were mounted. As a result, small iron particles of 35 microns on a real lithium-ion battery anode with a width of 70 mm were successfully detected. This system is practical for the detection of contaminants in a lithium ion battery anode sheet.

Comparative Toxicity Studies of Ultra-Pure Ag, Au, Co, and Cu Nanoparticles Generated by Laser Ablation in Biocompatible Aqueous Solution

  • Kim, Yea-Seul;Kim, Kuk-Ki;Shin, Seon-Mi;Park, Seung-Min;Hah, Sang-Soo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제33권10호
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    • pp.3265-3268
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    • 2012
  • Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in consumer products, which have aroused many concerns and debates regarding their fate in biological systems from a point of their safety/toxicity. Although a number of studies on the biological effects of NPs have been published, these are often complicated by the possible toxicity of conventional NPs, caused by contamination with chemical precursors or additives during their synthesis and/or purification procedures. To explicitly understand the toxicity basis of NPs, it is necessary to directly address a main problem related to their intrinsic/inherent toxicity and/or incompatibility with biological objects. The present study is designed to take advantage of a novel laser-assisted method called laser ablation to generate Ag, Au, Co, and Cu NPs in biocompatible aqueous solution, and to evaluate the toxicity of the resulting ultra-pure NPs. Our results show that the ultra-pure NPs with nascent surfaces possess moderate cytotoxicity to human cells in a cell-dependent manner.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 의한 Pb 생체흡착 (Pb Biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

  • 안갑환;서근학
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 1996
  • S. CereVlSWe를 이용하여 Pb 이온의 흡착 능력을 조사하였다. 살아있는 S. CereVlSWe 및 멸균된 S. cereVlswe 보다 건조분쇄 된 S. cerevisiae가 Pb 흡착 능력이 가장 좋았다. 통일의 중금속 농도에서 중금 속 단위 흡착량은 미생물 농도가 높아짐에 감소하였다. 살아있는 S. cereVlsiae의 흡착 능력 순서는 Pb > >Cu> Cd = Co>Cr > Zn = Ni순이었다. 중금속 흡 착에서 0.1 M NaOH로 24시간 전처리하여 흡착량을 1.5배 증가시킬 수 있었다. 0.1 M HCl 및 0.1 M $H_2S_O4$ 로 Pb이온을 효과적으로 탈착시킬 수 있었다. Pb 이온의 흡착평형은 Freundlich 흡착등온식과 Langmuir 흡착등온식으로 설명할 수 있었다.

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토양세정 기술을 활용한 윤활유와 아연 복합오염 철도토양의 정화 연구 (Feasibility Study on Soil Flushing for Railway Soil Contaminated with Lubricant Oil and Zinc)

  • 박성우;조정민;이재영;박준규;백기태
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2011
  • The feasibility study of soil flushing was investigated to remediate lubricant oil and zinc contaminated railway soil. In this study, mixed washing agents of surfactant and inorganic acid/base were used for the simultaneous removal. The mixed washing agent of non-ionic surfactant and HCl removed 15% of the lubricant oil and 40% of zinc, respectively. Alkaline-enhanced soil washing process increased the removal of lubricant oil up to 40%. This is because alkaline solution reduced the interfacial tension between water phase and lubricant oil phase due to the soap formation reaction. To simulate in-situ soil flushing for the remediation of railroad-related contamination, two dimensional soil flushing was carried out based on the results of batch soil washing. In the soil flushing, the removal efficiencies of lubricant oil and zinc were 34% and 16%, respectively. Even though the removal efficiency was low, the mixed washing agent can remove metal and lubricant oil simultaneously.

삼천포화력발전소 주변해역 퇴적물의 지구화학적 연구 (Geochemical Study of Coastal Sediments around the Samcheonpo Coal-fired Power Plant)

  • 이두호;임주환;정연태;정년호;강정원
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.85-98
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to investigate the geochemical factors governing the distribution of heavy metals(Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the marine surface sediment samples collected from the Samcheonpo coal-fired power plant. Variations of absolute metal concentrations were related to those in textural and/or carbonate and organic matter content. Most elements, except for Pb, showed generally lower contents compared with the average shale concentration, and the effect of anthropogenic input appeared to be minimal in the sediments. Computations of LF%(labile fraction) and EF(enrichment factor) based on all trace metal data indicated the presence of mineralogical control for Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, and anthropogenic contamination for Pb, which needs to be considered in the design of long term monitoring programmes.

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