• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

In Hwangtohyun, meaning 'red soil pass', reddish surface mantles is widespread. Other granitic hills, exceptionally Naju and Youngam area, in Korean peninsula don't commonly have that color. This paper attempts to address this issue by CIA(chemical index of alteration). CIA data and A-CN-K diagram provide crucial insights into the changes in the relative contributions of chemical physical weathering in difference of grus regolith and saprolite. CaO and $Na_2O$ show strong depletion and $K_2O$ is progressive loss. In grus regolith, weathering trends are (sub)parallel to the CN-A join of the A-CN-K diagram, but the sample's composition plot ever closer to the A-K join in saprolite. The difference of weathering trend obtained using CIA data corresponds closely with the visual interpretation of soil color and texture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.115-126
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• 2005

Environmentally and human compatible chitosan were pretreated on cotton fabrics which were then dyed with 100% persimmon juice. The chitosan concentration was 1% and the chitosan types were high molecular weight chitosan (1980cps), low molecular weight chitosan (18첸), chitosan oligomer and water soluble chitosan. The properties of the fabric surfaces, the dyeabilities, the color fastnesses, the antibacterial activities, the strengths, the elongations and the drape stiffnesses were evaluated. The properties of the chitosanpretreated, persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabrics (CLP) were compared to those of the untreated (CN), chitosan treated (CL) and persimmon juice-dyed fabrics (CP). The results were as follows. The fibers extruded from the surface of CN decreased on CP. The air between the fibers within CN were substituted by chitosan solution or persimmon juiceand decreased within CLP according to SEM observations. The effects of chitosan treatment, the chitosan molecular weights and the degrees of deacetylation of chitosan on the dyeabilities of the persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabric were not distinct. The curing after chitosan padding improved the dyeabilities of CLP compare to noncuring. The strengths of CP decreased and those of CL increased, compared to those of CN. The strengths of CLP were greater than those of CP. The elogations of CP and CL were greater than those of CN. The strengths and elongations of CLP were greater than those of CN. The chitosan treatments improved the strengths but not the elongations. The drape stiffnesses of CL, CP and CLP were greater than those of CN. The antibacterial activites of chitosan pretreated, persimmon juice-dyed cotton fabrics against Staphylococcus aureus were increased by more than 98% by persimmon juice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.147-154
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• 2010

In this study, flood control effects for infiltration trench which is one of runoff reduction facilities were analyzed based on hydraulic experiments. Hydraulic experiments were conducted using 25 cm diameter circular pipe, and water depths for boundary conditions are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 cm. Infiltration volume, runoff volume, runoff initiation time, final infiltration capacity and final infiltration capacity reached time etc. were measured from infiltration trench hydraulic experiment. We assumed that drainage area of each infiltration trench is $130\;m^2$ ($6.5\;m{\times}20\;m$) and calculated CN with area based on those experimental characteristics. In AMC-I condition, the calculated CN with five water depths is 84 for 2% pipe slope, 83 for 5% pipe slope. In AMC-III condition, the calculated CN is 84 for 2% and 5% pipe slope.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.741-746
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• 2005

To investigate the basic information and the possibility of ACE-inhibitory peptides for antihypertension materials, goat's caisin (CN) was hydrolyzed by various proteolytic enzymes and ACE-inhibitory peptides were separated and purified. ACE-inhibition ratios of enzymatic hydrolysates of goat's CN and various characteristics of ACE-inhibitory peptides were determined. ACE-inhibition ratios of goat's CN hydrolysates were shown the highest with 87.84% by pepsin for 48 h. By Sephadex G-25 gel chromatograms, Fraction 3 from goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin for 48 h was confirmed the highest ACE-inhibition activity. Fraction 3 g and Fraction 3 gh from peptic hydrolysates by RP-HPLC to first and second purification were the highest in ACE-inhibition activity, respectively. The most abundant amino acid was leucine (18.83%) in Fraction 3 gh of ACE-inhibitory peptides after second purification. Amino acid sequence analysis of Fraction 3 gh of ACE-inhibitory peptides was shown that the Ala-Tyr-Phe-Tyr, Pro-Tyr-Tyr and Tyr-Leu. IC$_{50}$ calibrated in peptic hydrolysates at 48 h, Fraction 3, Fraction 3 g and Fraction 3 gh from goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin for 48 h were 29.89, 3.07, 1.85 and 0.87 g/ml, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin were shown to have ACE-inhibitory activity.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.255-259
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• 2015

Recent narrow-band Ca photometry discovered two distinct red giant branch (RGB) populations in some massive globular clusters (GCs) including M22, NGC 1851, and NGC 288. In order to investigate the differences in light/heavy elements abundances between the two subpopulations, we have performed low-resolution spectroscopy for stars on the two RGBs in these GCs. We find a significant difference (more than $4{\sigma}$) in calcium abundance from the spectroscopic HK' index for both M22 and NGC 1851. We also find a more than $8{\sigma}$ difference in CN band strength between the Ca-strong and Ca-weak subpopulations. For NGC 288, however, we detect the presence of a large difference only in the CN strength. The calcium abundances of the two subpopulations in this GC are identical within errors. We also find interesting differences in CN-CH relations among these GCs. While CN and CH indices are correlated in M22, they show an anti-correlation in NGC 288. However, NGC 1851 shows no difference in CH between two groups of stars having different CN strengths. The CN bimodality in these GCs could be explained by pollution from intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars and/or fast-rotating massive stars. For the presence or absence of calcium bimodality and the differences in CN-CH relations, we suggest these would be best explained by how strongly type II supernovae enrichment has contributed to the chemical evolutions of these GCs.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.677-684
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• 2003

IETF's Mobile IP protocol allows Mobile Node(MN) to keep connection to Correspondent Node(CN) no matter what the MN changes its point of attachment to the Internet. However, the protocol incurs triangle routing problem, because all packets for the MN are routed through its Home Agent(HA). Route optimization mechanism is proposed by IETF in order to resolve triangle routing problem, but it requires that any node in the Internet should also implement route optimization mechanism. In this paper, we propose a new route optimization algorithm. With the algorithm, routers between HA and CN are considered as Intermediate Agent(IA), and packets transmitted by CN are not forwarded to HA but intercepted by IA and tunneled to MN directly.

• Composites Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.395-400
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• 2020

In this paper, we manufactured silsesquiaznae (SSQZ)-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) surface heating elements, which allowed stable heating at high temperatures. The prepared composite sheet was confirmed by FE-SEM that the SSQZ fully coated the surface of CNT sheet. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that the silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramic formed by heat treatment of 800℃ have no defects found and maintain intact structure. The CNT/SiCN composite sheet was able to achieve higher thermal stability than raw CNT sheets in both nitrogen and air atmosphere. Finally, the CNT/SiCN composite sheet was possible to heat up at a temperature of over 700℃ in the atmosphere, and the re-heating was successfully operated after cooling.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2022

유효우량 산정을 위하여 국내에서 주로 사용되는 모형은 NRCS-CN(Natural Resources Conservation Service - curve number) 모형으로, 유역의 유출 능력을 나타내는 유출곡선지수(runoff curve number, CN)와 같은 NRCS-CN 모형의 매개변수들은 관측 강우-유출자료 또는 토양도, 토지피복지도 등을 이용하여 유역마다 결정된 값이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 유역의 CN값은 유역의 토양 상태와 같은 환경적 조건에 따라 달라질 수 있으며, 이를 반영하기 위하여 선행토양함수조건(antecedent moisture condition, AMC)을 이용하여 CN값을 조정하는 방법이 사용되고 있으나, AMC 조건에 따른 CN 값의 갑작스런 변화는 유출량의 극단적인 변화를 가져올 수 있다. NRCS-CN 모형과 더불어 강우 손실량 산정에 많이 사용되는 모형으로 Green-Ampt 모형이 있다. Green-Ampt 모형은 유역에서 발생하는 침투현상의 물리적 과정을 고려하는 모형이라는 장점이 있으나, 모형에 활용되는 다양한 물리적인 매개변수들을 산정하기 위해서는 유역에 대한 많은 조사가 선행되어야 한다. 또한 이렇게 산정된 매개변수들은 유역 내 토양이나 식생 조건 등에 따른 여러 불확실성을 내포하고 있어 실무적용에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는, 현재 사용되고 있는 강우손실 모형들의 매개변수를 추정하기 위한 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법은 인공지능(AI) 기술 중 하나인 딥러닝(deep-learning) 기법을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 딥러닝 모형으로는 장단기 메모리(Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) 모형이 활용되었다. 딥러닝 모형의 입력 데이터는 유역에서의 강우특성이나 토양수분, 증발산, 식생 특성들을 나타내는 인자이며, 모의 결과는 유역에서 발생한 총 유출량으로 강우손실 모형들의 매개변수 값들은 이들을 활용하여 도출될 수 있다. 산정된 매개변수 값들을 강우손실 모형에 적용하여 실제 유역들에서의 유효우량 산정에 활용해보았으며, 동역학파 기반의 강우-유출 모형을 사용하여 유출을 예측해보았다. 예측된 유출수문곡선을 관측 자료와 비교 시 NSE=0.5 이상으로 산정되어 유출이 적절히 예측되었음을 확인했다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2024

Although antisolvent-assisted crystallization is one of the promising processes to produce high-quality perovskite films, general antisolvents such as chlorobenzene (CB) have toxic and volatile properties. In addition, CB is not suitable to control the crystallization of perovskite in the atmospheric air. In this work, isopropyl acetate (IA) is used as an eco-friendly antisolvent to demonstrate air-processed perovskite solar cells, and ethyl-4-cyanocinnamate (E4CN) with a cyano group, carbonyl group, and aromatic ring is introduced in IA to improve the performance and stability of devices. Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite layer, such as un-coordinated Pb²⁺ and iodine, can be decreased resulting from the interaction of E4CN and perovskite, and thus reduced recombination and enhanced carrier transport can be expected. As a result, the perovskite device with E4CN achieves a high maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.89% and outstanding stability, maintaining 60% of the initial efficiency for 300 h in the air without any encapsulation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.347-352
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• 1998

A study was carried out on the elelctrochemical characteristics of chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) by cyclic voltammetry. Fabrication of CMEs was made by coating with mixed valence (mv) inorganic-metal polymeric films on the glassy carbon electrode surface by potential cycling. Anodic oxidation behavior of methanol and L-ascorbic acid was studied by using CMEs working electrode. Deposition of films such as mv ruthenium oxo/ruthenium cyanide film (mv Ru-O/CN-Ru), mv ruthenium oxo/ferrocyanide film (mv Ru-O/$Fe(CN)_6$), and mv ruthenium oxo/ruthenium cyanide/Rhodium film (mv Ru-O/CN-Ru/Rh) was obtained to coat by scan rate of 50 mV/sec within the specified potential range (-0.5V ~ +1.2V). Film thickness was controlled by the repeat of the potential cycling. Anodic oxidation behavior of methanol was as follow. Calibration graph by using mv Ru-O/CN-Ru film showed linearly from 10 mM to 80 mM MeOH with slope factor of $-7.552{\mu}A/cm^2$. Although slope factor by using mv Ru-O/$Fe(CN)_6$ film was $-5.13{\mu}A/cm^2$, yet linear range of calibration graph could be extended from 10 mM to 100 mM MeOH. Anodic oxidation behavior of L-ascorbic acid was studied by mv Ru-O/CN-Ru film on the glassy carbon electrode and the glassy carbon electrode with Rh film, Glassy carbon electrode modified with Ru polymeric film was showed better sensitivity than the Rh-glassy carbon modified electrode (mv Ru-O/CN-Ru/Rh). Calibration graph was linear from 0.1 mM to 5 mM L-ascorbic acid by using glassy carbon electrode modified with Ru polymeric film. Solpe factor and relative coefficient are $-84.78{\mu}A/mM$ and 0.998, respectively.