• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.333-337
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• 2009

A new malting barley variety, "Daho", was developed from the cross between "Milyang85 and Suwon335" at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop (DRWCC) NICS, in 2007. An elite line, YMB2064-B-8-2-4-1-1, was selected in 2004 and designated as "Milyang134". It showed good agronomic performance in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) from 2005 to 2007 and was released with the name of "Daho", having high yielding and BaYMV resistance. The average heading and maturing dates of "Daho" were April 19 and May 27, which were 2 days later and 1 day earlier than those of "Jinyang", leading variety, at the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. "Daho" had longer culm length (84 cm), more spikes per $m^2$ (915) and higher 1,000 grain weight (39.2 g) than those of "Jinyang" in paddy field condition. "Daho" was showed resistance to BaYMV at the regions of Naju, Jinju, and Milyang but moderately resistance at Iksan. However, the response of "Daho" to other environmental stresses was similar to "Jinyang". The yields of "Daho" at upland and paddy fields were about 5.20 MT/ha, 4.81 MT/ha, respectively, which is about 38%, 25% higher than those of "Jinyang" in the regional adaptation yield trials (RYT), respectively. It has higher grain assortment, germination capacity, water sensitivity and Kolback index but lower malt extract, diastatic power and filtration speed than those of "Jinyang".

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

The polarimetric backscattering coefficients of a wet-land rice field which is an experimental plot belong to National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology in Suwon are measured using ground-based polarimetric scatterometers at 1.8 and 5.3 GHz throughout a growth year from transplanting period to harvest period (May to October in 2006). The polarimetric scatterometers consist of a vector network analyzer with time-gating function and polarimetric antenna set, and are well calibrated to get VV-, HV-, VH-, HH-polarized backscattering coefficients from the measurements, based on single target calibration technique using a trihedral corner reflector. The polarimetric backscattering coefficients are measured at $30^{\circ},\;40^{\circ},\;50^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$ with 30 independent samples for each incidence angle at each frequency. In the measurement periods the ground truth data including fresh and dry biomass, plant height, stem density, leaf area, specific leaf area, and moisture contents are also collected for each measurement. The temporal variations of the measured backscattering coefficients as well as the measured plant height, LAI (leaf area index) and biomass are analyzed. Then, the measured polarimetric backscattering coefficients are compared with the rice growth parameters. The measured plant height increases monotonically while the measured LAI increases only till the ripening period and decreases after the ripening period. The measured backscattering coefficientsare fitted with polynomial expressions as functions of growth age, plant LAI and plant height for each polarization, frequency, and incidence angle. As the incidence angle is bigger, correlations of L band signature to the rice growth was higher than that of C band signatures. It is found that the HH-polarized backscattering coefficients are more sensitive than the VV-polarized backscattering coefficients to growth age and other input parameters. It is necessary to divide the data according to the growth period which shows the qualitative changes of growth such as panicale initiation, flowering or heading to derive functions to estimate rice growth.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2018

Purpose : Standardized pillow may not support patient's individual cervical spine thoroughly when head and neck radiation therapy with $Tomotherapy^{(R)}$. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to make a comparative analysis for the difference of using standardized pillow only and using customized cervical spine immobilizer with standardized pillow. Materials and Methos : The head and neck cancer patients who are treated image-guided radiation therapy(IGRT) with $Tomotherapy^{(R)}$ were divided into two groups, 20 patients using standardized pillow only, and 20 patients using customized cervical spine immobilizer with standardized pillow. We achieved 20 mega-voltage computed tomography(MVCT) image per patient, compared curvature of the cervical spine in MVCT with curvature of the cervical spine in CT-simulation. Results : Results of comparative analysis were curvature consistency 95.9 %, maximum error of distance 41.9 mm, average distance error per fractionation 19.4 mm, average standard deviation 1.34 mm in case of using standardized pillow only, curvature consistency 98.9 %, maximum error of distance 12.9 mm, average distance error per fractionation 5.8 mm, average standard deviation 0.59 mm in case of using customized cervical spine immobilizer with standardized pillow. Conclusion : Using customized cervical spine immobilizer shows higher reproducibility and low distance error, therefore customized cervical spine immobilizer could be useful for head and neck cancer patients who need radiation therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

The manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is mainly distributed in the coastal area which consist of mud, sand and gravel, but they rarely live on the upper and down reaches of river. For a long time the manila clam has been inhabited in Taehwa river which has been exploited as a traditional earning resources and has become as a major object by neighborhood fishermen. This study was undertaken to evaluate stock assessment and to build management implications with the ecological parameters in Taehwa river from June 2009 to June 2010. The maximum age of manila clam was determined to 6 years old from observing ring radius of shell, the length and weight relationship was TW = $0.0002SL^{3.063}$ ($R^2$ = 0.925). K and $L_{\infty}$ were respectively estimated 46.64 mm and 0.341/year by von Bertalanffy growth. The instantaneous total mortality was estimated to be 1.171/year and the age at first capture was 1.37 years by the Pauly's method using shell length composition. The current total biomass of manila clam was calculated 1,483 mt over study area $1.46\;km^2$ by swept area method. ABC (Acceptable Biological Catch) estimates of manila clam showed 512 mt with using $F_{0.1}$. It's desirable to determine the optimum harvesting time as after main spawning season, as well as it's required to manage fisheries resources considering capture age and biomass through adjusting a first age at capture.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.882-892
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate several indicators of fruit maturity, and expert sensory evaluation was done to determine the most appropriate maturity time for the new Korea grape cultivar 'doonuri' for high quality winemaking. The grape component changed dramatically during ripening, after veraison. Considerable drops in berry firmness (<0.60 kgf/$cm^2$) and titratable acidity (<0.66%) were found at the ripening stage while the soluble solid content significantly increased in the ripening process. Most of the organic acids contained were tartaric and malic acid. The malic acid content was about twice the tartaric acid content in the fruit-growing period but was less than the tartaric acid content in the maturity period. The total anthocyanin and polyphenol contents increased sharply after veraison. In particular, the total anthocyanin and polyphenol contents reached their maximum levels when the acidity was 0.55%, and after that, there was almost no change. Correlations between anthocyanin accumulation and several factors were found in sugar 0.7811 (p<0.05), pH 0.9315 (p<0.05), and Brix/acid ratio 0.9409 (p<0.05). $Brix{\times}pH^2$ and brix/acid ratio were used as indicators of the proper maturation of the grapes when the acidity was 0.53 to 0.55%, and at sugar 17 Brix. When surveyed, the quality characteristics and sensory evaluation of the wine made using the latest harvested grapes showed the most reliable sourness. The color, aroma, and overall harmony of the wine, however, were evaluated to be the best when the wine acidity was about 0.60% or when the grape acidity was below 0.55%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.799-806
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to establish the optimum conditions for high $CO_2$ gas treatment in combination with a proper gas-permeable packaging film to maintain the quality of fig fruit (Ficus carica L). Among the fig fruits with different high $CO_2$ treatments, the quality change was most effectively controlled during storage in the 70%-$CO_2$-treated fig fruit. Harvested fig fruit was packaged using microperforated oriented polypropylene (MP) film to maintain the optimum gas concentrations in the headspace of packaging for the modified-atmosphere system. MP film had an oxygen transmission rate of about $10,295cm^3/m^2$/day/atm at $25^{\circ}C$. The weight loss, firmness, soluble-solid content (SSC), acidity (pH), skin color (Hunter L, a, b), and decay ratio of the fig fruits were monitored during storage at 5 and $25^{\circ}C$. The results of this study showed that the OPP film, OPP film + 70% $CO_2$, and MP film+70% $CO_2$ were highly effective in reducing the loss rate, firmness and decay occurrence rate of fig fruits that were packaged with them during storage. In the case of using treatments with packages of OPP film and OPP film+70% $CO_2$, however, adverse effects like package bursting or physiological injury of the fig may occur due to the gas pressure or long exposure to $CO_2$. Therefore, the results indicated that MP film containing 70% $CO_2$ can be used as an effective treatment to extend the freshness of fig fruits for storage at a proper low temperature.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

Distribution and behavior of baseline soil CO₂ were investigated in a candidate geologic CO₂ storage site in Pohang, with measuring CO₂ concentrations and carbon isotopes in the vadose zone as well as CO₂ fluxes and concentrations through ground surface. This investigation aimed to assess the baseline CO₂ levels and to build the CO₂ monitoring system before injecting CO₂. The gas in the vadose zone was collected using a peristaltic pump from the depth of 60 cm below ground surface, and stored at gas bags. Then the gas components (CO₂, O₂, N₂, CH₄) and δ¹³C_CO2 were analyzed using GC and CRDS (cavity ringdown spectroscopy) respectively in laboratory. CO₂ fluxes and CO₂ concentrations through ground surface were measured using Li-COR in field. In result, the median of the CO₂ concentrations in the vadose zone was about 3,000 ppm, and the δ¹³C_CO2 were in the wide range between −36.9‰ and −10.6‰. The results imply that the fate of CO₂ in the vadose zone was affected by soil property and vegetations. CO₂ in sandy or loamy soils originated from the respiration of microorganisms and the decomposition of C₃ plants. In gravel areas, the CO₂ concentrations decreased while the δ¹³C_CO2 increased because of the mixing with the atmospheric gas. In addition, the relation between O₂ and CO₂, N₂, and the relation between N₂/O₂ and CO₂ implied that the gases in the vadose zone dissolved in the infiltrating precipitation or the soil moisture. The median CO₂ flux through ground surface was 2.9 g/m²/d which is lower than the reported soil CO₂ fluxes in areas with temperate climates. CO₂ fluxes measured in sandy and loamy soil areas were higher (median 5.2 g/m²/d) than those in gravel areas (2.6 g/m²/d). The relationships between CO₂ fluxes and concentrations suggested that the transport of CO₂ from the vadose zone to ground surface was dominated by diffusion in the study area. In gravel areas, the mixing with atmospheric gases was significant. Based on this study result, a soil monitoring procedure has been established for a candidate geologic CO₂ storage site. Also, this study result provides ideas for innovating soil monitoring technologies.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1987

Experimental informations on the possible alternative resources of soil addition in sandy paddy soils were obtained by applying fertilizer N, P, and K to the top of 26 cm long columns containing the soil-ameliorator mixture and by determining the concentration and leaching loss of nutrients in percolated water and permeability. 1. Addition of red earth and compost to soils decreased pronouncedly the permeability. Relative magnitude of permeability was compost+slag+red earth > compost+red earth > compost > red earth > compost+slag > slag > non-added soil. 2. Concentration and leaching loss of $NH_4-N$ and $SiO_2$ were high by addition of compost-slag or red earth mixture to soils. The present of these nutrients in soils after experiment was, also, higher than that in non-added soil and in red earth to soils. 3. Those of K, Ca, and Mg were similar to $NH_4-N$ and $SiO_2$. Especially, leaching loss and present of K in soils by addition of compost to soils were higher dramatically than those of non-added soil and of red earth to soils. 4. Those of $Fe^{{+}{+}}$ in non-added soil were much higher than those by addition of compost and slag to soils. These values were the highest in 12 days after submergence, while these of $Mn^{{+}{+}}$ the lowest. 5. Concentration of $NH_4-N$ was high by addition of compost to soils, while the present of it in soils after experiment was tended to be contrary.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 1989

Barley, garlic, and soybean were cultivated in the silt loam, sandy loam, and loam, respectively, and the absorbing patterns of N, P, and K during growing of the crops were determined. While, the leaching of N, P, and K applied in the above soils in four levels of topsoil depths and in four leachate levels of excess precipitation was measured through the column. The depths of the soil were devised to 20, 35, 50, and 65cm, and the levels of excess water were classified to each leachate of 20, 40, 60, and 80mm precipitation, and nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in each fraction of the leachate were analyzed. By the analyses of the chemical components during growth of the crops, their absorbing patterns of N, P, and K were investigated. The order of N-leachings in the soils was sandy loam > loam > silt loam, and the leaching of $K_2O$ was very similar to N. The leaching of $P_2O_5$ was slight in all kinds of the soils. By the combination of the absorbing patterns of the crops in three kinds of soils and the leaching of the nitrogen in four levels of soil depth and four levels of excess precipitation, the method to replace the nitrogen lost by leaching was presented.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

The investigations were conducted to find out the situation of fertilizer use and the contents of soil chemical components on summer vegetable crops at 791 farmers' upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do, Gyengsangbuk-do and Jeollabuk-do of alpine area. Major vegetable crops were potato, Chinese cabbage, radish, carrot, onion, and cabbage. From the location surroundings cultivated alpine vegetable crops, the orders were Gangwon-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Jeollabuk-do part in the sizes of a fie1d area and the height above sea level, and Jeollabuk-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Gangwon-do part in the slope degrees. The soil texture was of wide distribution on sandy loam soil for Gangwon-do(76%) and Jeollabuk-do part(64%), and 1oam(42%) and sandy loam soil(35%) for Gyeongsangbuk-do part. From the numbers of investigated fields, the distribution of slope degree was wider than those of height above sea level in relation to location surroundings. The upland soils of 785 fields cultivated vegetable crops were sampled at 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting and analyzed. On an average, pH, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium of soil were 5.7, $27.6g\;kg^{-1}$, $765mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.16cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The average cation exchange capacity(CEC) of 120 sites in Gangwon-do part was $9.2cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. The content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium was higher, while that of available phosphate was lower with slope degrees. And the content of major chemical components in carrot soil was lower in comparison with other crop soils. The average levels of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, livestock manure and lime fertilizer of 785 Belds applied by farmers were 335, 198, 244, 12,680 and $1,750kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, for summer vegetable crops in alpine area. The average amounts of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ fertilizers applied by farmers in 785 Gelds of vegetable crops were higher 1.7~2.0-4.2~7.0-1.4~2.0 times on potato, 1.4~1.6-4.6~8.3-3.5~4.2 times on Chinese cabbage, and 1.2~1.3-4.2~7.2-3.0~3.61 times on radish than the rates of NPK fertilizers based on soil testing for each crop.