• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 1999

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest and the evergreen coniferous forest of cool temperate and subalpine zones in Mts. Taebaek, Odae and Sulak of Tabaek Range were investigated from. the numerical and phytosociological viewpoints. As a result, four bryophyte communities were recognized there, considering the species composition of vascular vegetation; A. Thuja koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis/Taxus caespitosa-Pinus pumila/Hylocomium splendens-Pleurozium schreberi community, B: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies nephrolepis/Plagiomnium cuspidatum- Aulacomnium heterostichum community, C. Abies holophylla-Abies nephrolepis/Thuidium recognitum-Trachycystis immarginata cristatus community, D. Meehania urticifolia-Abies nephrolepis/Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Taxiphyllum aomoriense community. Among these, the community A was distributed in higher altitudes and characterized by the species group of the holarctic elements, e.g. Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum majus, etc. limited in subarctic; subalpine and arctic; alpine zones and was confirmed as synusies of the Thujo-Abietetum nephrolepidis Song 1991 and Taxo-Pinetum pumilae Song 1985 belonging the Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939. In contrast the communities B, C and D were distributed in the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest of lower altitudes and characterized by the elements of the cool temperate; montane zone. They were confirmed as synusies belonging to the Corylo-Quercetum mongolicae Song 1988. By the result of the numerical syntaxonomical analysis such as cluster analysis, interspecific association, PCA, the communities were largely divided into the two types. The two types coincided with the community units or the diagnostic species of the bryophyte communities of the subalpine zone and the montane zone, respectively. Also the analysis revealed that the division of the above two forest zones are justifiable. Up to date many investigator have described the coniferous forest distibuted above 1000m in Taebaek mountains as the forest vegetation of subalpine zone. However, from the results of the present study, the boundary of the mixed forest and the true subalpine coniferous forest was elucidated to be ca. 1,500 m phytosociologically. Species richness was the highest in the community A, and the other four communities showed a similar species richness.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

The Characteristics of space are determined by several factors; however, the element that determines the physical characteristic of floors, walls, and ceiling is the structure. This study constructs a wall to analyze the direct effect that the layout of an exhibition wall has on the element of the wall followed by the structural process and visibility of descriptive analysis and examples of art museums that the shift from a perceptional wall to an experiential wall affected circulation. For elements and formation methods of the wall, first, it is made up of open and closed type exhibition spaces, and it can give abundance in qualitative space rather than a quantitative aspect. Secondly, the directivity of space changes according to the development of the visible axis, thus, directly affects the change in visibility. Thirdly, the difference between spatial structure and visual structure is the difference between the visual axis and spatial structure. The wall formation type followed by the combination method, the simple visible structure, which is the type that possesses the simple combination (Room, Zone, Cluster), repeatedly uses the same size of units of space that is orderly and has few spatial axes and the classification of simple type and simple cluster type, which has few visible axes, also exists. Also, with the complex structure of the maze type it displays the reiterated form of the cluster, which is the space with disorderly combination and has much visible axes and spatial axes. Also, these can be divided into three types: 1) Maze Cluster Type, 2) Cross Road Type, and 3) Open Flexible Type. These wall types lead the various changes in circulation, and even each of the arrangement qualities of the exhibitions should be researched according to its exhibition place type.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.581-591
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• 2011

To reveal the relationship between pond type and chemical water characteristics and wetland flora, we investigated 8 small irrigation ponds in CCZ, which represent 4 types of irrigation ponds. Cation and anion concentrations in water were low at spring type ponds and cation or anion concentrations were high at others. Especially, Kyeongeuisun pond, which is water exchanging type, had high cation and anion concentrations. This indicates that water source of this ponds is surface water. CCA showed that chemical water characteristics and wetland flora were reflected in pond types. However, water exchanging type ponds were not clustered in a group, which comes from the difference in water source and we suggest that water source should be an additional criteria to devide pond type of water exchanging.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.551-562
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• 2009

In this paper, I would present a using method for The Fishing Operation Information(FOI) of National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives(NFFC) through the availabilities analysis and put out the similarities by the section of the sea through classifying characteristics of fishing patterns by their locations. As a result, although the catch of FOI is nothing more than 33% level to National Fishery Production Statistics(NFPS), FOI data is useful in understanding the patterns of fishing operation by the location because both patterns and correlation were very similar in the usability analysis, comparing the FOI data with NFPS. So I classified optimal clusters for catch, the number of fishing days and the number of fishing vessels through 2 step cluster analysis by the big marine zone and divided fishing patterns.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.8 no.2 s.17
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• pp.91-107
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• 2006

To handling the extreme situation that must manage positional information of a very large volume, at least millions of moving objects. A cluster-based sealable distributed computing system architecture, called the GALIS which consists of multiple data processors, each dedicated to keeping records relevant to a different geographical zone and a different time zone, was proposed. In this paper, we proposed a valid time management and time-zone shifting scheme, which are essential in realizing the long-term location data subsystem of GALIS, but missed in our previous prototype development. We explain how to manage valid time of moving objects to avoid ambiguity of location information. We also describe time-zone shifting algorithm with three variations, such as Real Time-Time Zone Shifting, Batch-Time Zone Shifting, Table Partitioned Batch-Time Zone Shifting, Through experiments related with query processing time and CPU utilization, we show the efficiency of the proposed time-zone shifting schemes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.62-70
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• 1995

Rat liver sinusoids were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The sinusoids were provided with fenestrations which were divided into three types; small, medium-sized and large. The small fenestrations were usually gathered into clusters. The medium-sized fenestrations were either individually organized or in the cluster of small fenestrations. The large fenestrations were usually accompanied by small or medium-sized fenestrations. The lobule was divided into three zones; peripheral, intermediate and central, according to the distribution pattern of the fenestrations. The sinusoid providing with small fenestrations (type I) were predominant in the peripheral zone. The sinusoid showing medium-sized fenestrations (type II) were frequently observed in the central zone. The sinusoid having large fenestrations (type III) were abundant in the intermediate zone. This evidence indicate that the sinusoidal fenestrations become larger toward the intermediate zone from the peripheral zone of the lobule and progressively smaller toward the central zone. However, the fenestrations observed in the central zone seem to be larger than those seen in the peripheral zone of the lobule.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.767-773
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• 2001

We investigated the impacts of the fairy-ring of Tricholoma matsutake on the dynamics of soil microflora and soil enzyme activities by grouping the soils around the fairy-ring of T. matsutake into four regions. The regions were grouped as 'zone of decayed mycorrhizae', 'zone of mycorrhizae for fruiting', 'zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae' and 'zone free from mycorrhizal infection'. Soil fungi and actinomycetes were quite little at the soils around the fairy-ring of T. matsutake compared to those of general forest soils, and there were significant differences among the four regions. The soils with the mycelial cluster of T. matsutake showed about one third of microbial population compared to those in the zone free from mycorrhizal infection, which indicated that T. matsutake took a dominant position within the fairy-ring of the fungus. We could manifest that T. matsutake showed a distinctive characteristics of mycorrhizal fungus since the activities of dehydrogenase were significantly different between the zone of physiologically active mycorrhizae and the zone free from mycorrhizal infection. The dehydrogenase activity was the highest at the early season of fruiting around the fairy-ring of T. matsutake, while the acid-phosphatase activity increased from March to June followed by a slight decrease on August and peaked on October. This phenomenon made us infer that the vitality of T. matsutake be sustained after fruiting.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.539-552
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• 2011

This research thesis measured potential housing development of 250 'subway station areas' around Seoul Metropolitain Region, with the use of added weighting and data of each indicator based on AHP. The analysis was conducted on the ranking of the development of 'subway station areas' on the basis of measurement results of potential housing development along with the analysis on characteristics of 'subway station areas' in daily life zone. Cluster analysis-oriented analytic measurement results suggested that 'subway station areas' in Seoul Metropolitain Region can be grouped into five clusters: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 were populated with 'reservation areas' for outside and inside urban development, respectively scoring low all in housing development pressure and capacity. Cluster 3 was populated with 'development maintenance areas', scoring low in housing development pressure but high all in housing development capacity. Cluster 4 was populated with 'development facilitation areas', scored high all in housing development pressure and capacity. Cluster 5 was populated with 'development control areas' scoring high in housing development pressure but low in housing development capacity.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

Self healing systems are considered as cognation-enabled sub form of fault tolerance system. But our experiments that we report in this paper show that self healing systems can be used for performance optimization, configuration management, access control management and bunch of other functions. The exponential complexity that results from interaction between autonomic systems and users (software and human users) has hindered the deployment and user of intelligent systems for a while now. We show that if that exceptional complexity is converted into self-growing knowledge (policies in our case), can make up for initial development cost of building an intelligent system. In this paper, we report the application of AHSEN (Autonomic Healing-based Self management Engine) to in OKKAM Project infrastructure backbone cluster that mimics the web service based architecture of u-Zone gateway infrastructure. The 'blind' load division on per-request bases is not optimal for distributed and performance hungry infrastructure such as OKKAM. The approach adopted assesses the active threads on the virtual machine and does resource estimates for active processes. The availability of a certain server is represented through worker modules at load server. Our simulation results on the OKKAM infrastructure show that the self healing significantly improves the performance and clearly demarcates the logical ambiguities in contemporary designs of self healing infrastructures proposed for large scale computing infrastructures.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 2019

To obtain insightful knowledge of geochemical process controlling fluoride enrichment in groundwater of the villages near Shilabati river bank, West Bengal, India, multivariate statistical techniques were applied to a subgroup of the dataset generated from major ion analysis of groundwater samples. Water quality analysis of major ion chemistry revealed elevated levels of fluoride concentration in groundwater. Factor analysis (FA) of fifteen hydrochemical parameters demonstrated that fluoride occurrence was due to the weathering and dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals in the aquifer. A strong positive loading (> 0.75) of fluoride with pH and bicarbonate for FA indicates an alkaline dominated environment responsible for leaching of fluoride from the source material. Mineralogical analysis of soli sediment exhibits the presence of fluoride-bearing minerals in underground geology. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out to isolate the sampling sites according to groundwater quality. With HCA the sampling sites were isolated into three clusters. The occurrence of abundant fluoride in the higher elevated area of the observed three different clusters revealed that there was more contact opportunity of recharging water with the minerals present in the aquifer during infiltration through the vadose zone.