• 농약과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2005

배추 유묘를 Plasmodiophora brassicae 오염토에 이식하고 약제 용액을 폿트(35 $cm^2$)에 관주처리 하는 방법으로 기존 살균제 44종의 배추 뿌리혹병에 대한 방제효과를 실험하였다. 뿌리혹병 방제용 살균제인 fluazinam, flusulfamide 및 cyazofamid는 폿트 당 0.63 mg 처리구에서 모두 90% 이상의 방제가를 나타냈다. 난균류 병해 살균제인 ethaboxam과 cymoxanil은 폿트 당 5 mg 처리 시에 배추 뿌리혹병을 완전히 방제하였다. 그러나 cymoxanil은 고농도 처리에서 배추에 심한 약해를 유발하였다. 잿빛곰팡이병 방제용 살균제인 dichlofluanid와 procymidone도 폿트 당 2.5 mg 처리 시에 배추 뿌리혹병을 효과적으로 방제하였다. 광범위살균제인 chlorothalonil, quintozene과 trichlamide도 2.5 mg 처리 시에 각각 85%, 100%, 100%의 방제가를 나타냈다. 스테롤 생합성 저해제는 대부분 배추 뿌리혹병에 우수한 방제효과를 나타냈으나, 이들은 배추 유묘의 생육을 억제하는 약해를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 선발된 7종 살균제의 배추 뿌리혹병 방제효과를 비교하여 실험한 결과, 이들 중 ethaboxam은 가장 우수한 방제효과를 나타냈으며 fenarimol, pocymidone, nuarimol, chlorothalonil 순으로 우수한 방제효과를 보였다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2015

Kimchi cabbage (Chinese cabbage), radish and Cabbage are major Brassicaceae vegetables in Korea. Especially, we can easily develop whole plant from one microspore in Kimchi cabbage. To develop clubroot resistant doubled-haploid (DH) inbred lines, we pollinated a clubroot resistant turnip of 'IT 033820' with a Kimchi cabbage (Chinese cabbage) inbred of 'BP 079'. More than 85 DH inbred lines were developed from this combination. We screened about 400 materials including these DH inbred lines, commercial cultivars and breeding materials during 3 years using hydroponic system after inoculating single spore isolation race 4(SSI-04) inoculate. One inbred line derived from this combination selected as clubroot resistant and registered as 'Wonkyo20036ho'. We inoculated 26 DH inbred lines derived from 'Zoong-baek 2ho' using SSI-4, the percent of resistant plants varied from 0 to 83%. However the horticultural traits of highly resistant DH inbred line was poor. Thus we selected one DH line showing 77% resistant with yellow inner leaf and maid good head, was registered as 'Wonkyo20034ho'. Another DH inbred line derived from Korean variety of 'Wol-dong' showing 86% resistant was registered as 'Wonkyo20037ho'. Other DH inbred lines were derived from Chinese cultivar of 'Choon-hi-go-hang-wang' and 'Hwang-shim-zo48' showed 80 and 71% resistant, respectively, was also selected for registration. Even though DH inbred lines derived from turnip showed highly resistant to SSI-04 and provincial inoculate, they showed poor characteristics in horticultural traits. However, commercial seed companies showed interesting for adapting these DH inbred lines in commercial breeding.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2003

Clubroot disease of curcifer crops caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had been first reported in 1928 in Korea, and maintained mild occurrence until 1980s. Since 1990s the disease has become severe in alpine areas of Kyonggi and Kangwon, gradually spread to plain fields throughout the country, and remains as the great-est limiting factor for its production. Researches on the disease has begun in late 1990s after experiencing severe epidemics. Survey of occurrence and etiological studies have been carried out, particularly, on the pathogen physiology, race identification, quantification of soil pathogen population, and host spectrum of the pathogen. Ecology of gall formation and its decay, yield loss assessment associated with time of infection, and relationships between crop rotation and the disease incidence was also studied during late 1990s. In studies of its control, more than 200 crucifer cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to the disease. Lime applica-tion to field soil was also attempted to reduce the disease incidence. Resistant radish and welsh onion were recommended as rotation crops with crucifers after 3-year field experiments. However, so for, most studies on clubroot disease in Korea have been focused on chemical control. Two fungicides, fluazinam and flusulfamide, were selected and extensively studied on their application technologies and combination effects with lime application or other soil treatment. To develop environmentally-friendly control methods, solar-disinfection of soil, phosphoric acid as a nontoxic compound, and root-parasiting endophytes as biocontrol agents were examined for their effects on the disease in fields. In the future, more researches are needed to be done on development of resistant varieties effective to several races of the pathogen, establishment of economically-sound crop rotation system, and improvement of soil-disinfection technique applicable to Korean field condi-tion, and development of methodology of pretreatment of fungicides onto seeds and seedbeds.

• 식물병연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

배추무사마귀병 방제약제의 연용횟수에 다른 방제효과를 조사하기 위해 후루설파마이드분제 처리시 방제가는 1회 단용 24.5%, 2회 연용 84.0%, 3회 연용 88.6%로 약제를 연용할수록 높아졌으며, 10a당 상품수량도 각각 4,968~5,779kg으로 높았다. 후루설파마이드분제 2회 연용 후 3회 재배시 방제가는 53.9%로 다소 낮았으며 10a당 상품수량은 4,822kg으로 약제비, 노동력 투여 등을 고려할 때 3회 연용 재배보다 2회 연용후 3회재배가 경제적 방제수준으로 여겨진다. 방제약제 처리방법개선시험에서는 후루설파마이드분제 시용시 농가관행인 토양환화 처리의 방제가는 봄재배 61.5%, 가을재배 48.9% 에 비하여 상토혼화+재배지토양혼화 처리시 각각 7.6%, 64.4%로 높았으며, 10a당 상품수량도 토양혼화처리구 봄재배 3,167kg, 가을 재배 2,847kg에 비하여 82~98% 증수하여 효과적인 처리방법이었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2006

국내 배추 재배지에서 큰 문제가 되고 있는 뿌리혹병을 석회질소로 방제하는 방법을 구명하기 위하여, 고령지농업연구소의 뿌리혹병 다발포장에서 $2002{\sim}2003 $년에 걸쳐 시험을 실시하였다. 석회질소의 처리량은 배추에 대한 질소질 비료 기비량과 같은 61 kg/10a처리할 때, 33%의 발병도를 보여 대조약제인 후루설파마이드의 77%에 비해 우수한 방제 효과를 보였다. 석회질소를 배추 정식 전 5, 10, 15, 20일에 처리한 결과, 정식 5일전 처리가 48%의 발병도를 보여 후루설파마이드 분제의 67%에 비해 발병 억제 효과가 인정되었다. 석회질소와 요소비료를 이용하여 재배한 배추의 수확기 질소 흡수량은 요소가 17.8kg/10a, 석회질소가 17.6kg/10a으로 유의성이 없었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 석회질소는 질소질 비료로서 뿐만 아니라 배추뿌리혹병을 방제하기 위한 화학약제의 대용으로서 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.506-513
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• 2018

Clubroot is one of the most economically important diseases of the Brassicaceae family. Clubroot disease is caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae, which is difficult to study because it is nonculturable in the laboratory and its races are genetically variable worldwide. In Korea, there are at least five races that belongs to four pathotype groups. A recent study conducted in Korea attempted to develop molecular markers based on ribosomal DNA polymorphism to detect P. brassicae isolates, but none of those markers was either race-specific or pathotype-specific. Our current study aimed to develop race- and isolate-specific markers by exploiting genomic sequence variations. A total of 119 markers were developed based on unique variation exists in genomic sequences of each of the races. Only 12 markers were able to detect P. brassicae strains of each isolate or race. Ycheon14 markers was specific to isolates of race 2, Yeoncheon and Hoengseong. Ycheon9 and Ycheon10 markers were specific to Yeoncheon isolate (race 2, pathotype 3), ZJ1-3, ZJ1-4 and ZJ1-5 markers were specific to Haenam2 (race 4) isolate, ZJ1-35, ZJ1-40, ZJ1-41 and ZJ1-49 markers were specific to Hoengseong isolate and ZJ1-56 and ZJ1-64 markers were specific to Pyeongchang isolate (race 4, pathotype 3). The PCR-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers developed in this study are able to detect five Korean isolates of P. brassicae. These markers can be utilized in identifying four Korean P. brassicae isolates from different regions. Additional effort is required to develop race- and isolate-specific markers for the remaining Korean isolates.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.29-29
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• 2015

Clubroot disease is caused by the soil-born obligate plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. This pathogen can infect all cruciferous vegetables and oil crops, including Brassica rapa, B. oleracea, B. napus, and other Brassica species. Clubroot disease is now considered to be a major problem in Chinese cabbage production in China, Korea, and Japan. We collected several hundreds of P. brassicae infected galls from Korea, and isolated the single spore from the collection. For establishment of novel isolation, and mass-propagation methods for singe spore isolates of P. brassicae pathogen, we developed new filtration method using both cellulose nitrate filter and syringe filter. Accurate detection of P. brassicae pathogen in the field was done by using real-time PCR in the potential infested soil. When we tested the different pathogenicity on commercial Chinese cabbage varieties, P. brassicae from collected galls showed various morphological patterns about clubroot symptom on roots. To date, 8 CR loci have been identified in the B. rapa genome using the quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approach, with different resistant sources and isolates. We are trying to develop the molecular marker systems for detect all 8 CR resistant genes. Especially for the study on the interaction between pathogens and CR loci which are not well understood until now, genome wide association studies are doing using the sequenced inbred lines of Chinese cabbage to detect the novel CR genes.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2015

Throughout the world, clubroot disease is one of the most damaging diseases affecting Brassica oleracea. In order to perform QTL analysis of CR (clubroot resistance) loci in B. oleracea, we constructed a map, and analyzed CR-QTLs using the mean phenotypes of F3 progenies from the cross of a resistant double-haploid cabbage line (Anju) with a susceptible double-haploid broccoli line (GC). We identified one major QTL, pb-Bo(Anju)1 in C2 from Anju and four minor QTLs; pb-Bo(GC)1 in O5 from GC, pb-Bo(Anju)2, -3, -4 in C2, C3, and C7 from Anju, respectively. Additionally, we found that the accumulation of Pb-Bo(Anju)1 allele and the minor CR-QTLs is essential for resistance against various six isolates. Our finding markers closely linked to the CR-QTLs will help marker-assisted selection for CR. At present, we are undergoing toward map-based cloning for Pb-Bo(Anju)1 gene. The preliminary experiment delimited Pb-Bo(Anju)1 locus, encompassing among 450kB.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2015

Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease, does the most serious damage to the Brassica crops. The limited control approaches make that the identification of clubroot resistance (CR) is more important for developing CR cultivars of the Brassica crops. So far, 8 CR loci were mapped. However, the variation of P. brassicae leads to the rapid erosion of its resistance. To identify novel CR genes, we employed three mapping population, derived from crosses between Chinese cabbage and turnip inbred lines ($59-1{\times}ECD04$ and $BJN3-1{\times}Siloga$) or between Chinese cabbage inbred lines ($BJN3-1{\times}85-I-II$), to perform QTL analysis. Totally, 8 CR loci were indentified and showed race-specific resistance. Physical mapping of these 8 loci suggested that 4 were located previously mapped position, indicating they might be the same allele or different alleles of the same genes. Other 4 loci were found to be novel. Further, CR near isogenic line carrying each CR locus was developed based on the marker assisted selection. Verification of these CR loci was underway. Identification of these novel CR genes would facilitate to breed broad-spectrum and durable CR cultivars of B. rapa by pyramiding strategies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2015

Clubroot disease is one of the most wide-spread and devastating diseases in the cultivation of Chinese cabbage. To develop a protein marker for resistance to clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage, a comparative proteome analysis was performed between a sensitive line, 94SK, and a resistant line, CR Shinki DH. Three proteins of two fold or higher accumulation that are specific to each line were found 3 days after innoculation of the Plasmodiphora brassicae. They are glutamine synthetase, malate dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase in the 94SK and actin, phosphoglycerate kinase, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in the CR Shinki line. From the comparison of the synthesized proteins in the 94SK and the CR Shinki, CR Shinki was found to produce more ATP-binding protein for the ABC transporter while 94SK showed a higher level of pathogenesis-related protein 1 production. All of these proteomic variations may lead to the development of molecular markers to accelerate the breeding process.