• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.164-167
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• 2005

The growth responses of materials extracted from Juniperus virginiana leaves against Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. longum, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, and Streptococcus mutans were examined using impregnated paper disk agar diffusion. The biologically active constituent isolated from the J. virginiana extracts was characterized as ${\alpha}$-cedrene using various spectroscopic analyses including IR, EI-MS, and NMR. The responses varied according to the dose, chemicals, and bacterial strain tested. Methanol extracts of J. virginiana leaves exhibited a strong and moderate inhibitory activity against C. perfringens and E. coli at 5 mg/disk, respectively. However, in tests conducted with B. bifidum, B. longum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and S. mutans, the methanol extracts showed no or weak inhibitory response. At 2 mg/disk, a-cedrene strongly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens and moderately inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. mutans, without any adverse effects on the growth of four lactic acid-bacteria. Of the commercially available compounds originating from J. virginiana leaves, cedrol and ${\alpha}$-pinene exhibited strong and moderate growth inhibition against C. perfringens, and ${\alpha}$-copaene revealed moderate growth inhibition against E. coli at 1 mg/disk. Furthermore, cedrol exhibited moderate and weak growth inhibition against S. mutans at 2 and 1 mg/disk, respectively. However, little or no activity was observed for camphene, (+)-2-carene, p-cymene, limonene, linalool, and a-phellandrene against B. bifidum, B. longum, C. perfringens, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and S. mutans at 2 mg/disk. The observed inhibitory activity of the J. virginiana leaf-extracted materials against C. perfringens, E. coli, and S. mutans may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of the J. virginiana leaf.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Raw and washed spinaches were tested to evaluate the incidences of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from spinach samples, and identified by morphological and biochemical methods, including API and ATB identification systems. Isolates from MacConkey, Cereus Selective, Clostridium Perfringens, and Baird-Parker agar media were in 99.9, 99.8, 99.9, and 97.8% agreements with A. hydrophila, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and S. aureus at the species level, respectively. SET-RPLA revealed, among the five strains of S. aureus isolates, two produced type A enterotoxin. All five strains of B. cereus isolates produced enterotoxin as revealed with CRET-RPLA.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2007

The powdered cereal sunsik is a partially thermal-processed product that required safety evaluations for food-borne pathogens. Thirty-six sunsik products from Korean markets were collected and analyzed for contamination by total viable cell counts, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and the spore-forming Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus. Enterobacter sakazakii, as a newly emerging pathogen, was also analyzed. Approximately 28% of sunsik were contaminated at 5 log CFU/g for total viable counts. Coliforms and E. coli were detected in 33 and 4% of the samples, respectively. The spore-forming B. cereus was found in 42% of the samples at a maximal level of 3 log CFU/g on average. About 6% the samples were contaminated with Cl. perfringens at an average level of 15 CFU/g. Forty-five % of sunsik contained E. sakazakii, at levels from 0.007 to over 1.1 cell/g by MPN method. In addition, one sunsik product for infants and children showed over 3 log CFU/g for both B. cereus and E. sakazaki. Therefore, concern should be placed on controlling for microbial hazards such as B. cereus and E. sakazakii in sunsik, particularly for the products fed to infants under 6 months of age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 한국영양학회 1992년도 춘계심포지움 및 발표논문 초록
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• pp.28-29
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 한국가축위생학회 2000년도 제23차 학술대회
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• pp.181.2-182
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 한국가축위생학회 1997년도 제20차 학술대회
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• pp.243-243
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• 1997

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.491-497
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• 1992

The water extract of Sinomeniiacuti Radix (Sinomenium acutum) was found out to have a strong inhibition activity on the growth of Clostridium perfringens. The anti-bacterial activity was stable at the range of pH 1 to pH 13 and kept in a thermal treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. The minmal inhibition concentration of the Sinomeniiacuti Radix extract on the growth of Cl. peifringens was 1000 ppm. The Sinomeniiacuti Radix extract also suppressed the growth of Cl. ramosum, Cl. paraputnficum, Cl. butyn'cum, Bifidobacterium blficum, Bacteriodes fragilis, Eubacterium limosum. The extract, however, did not inhibit the growth of Bif adolescentis, Blf. infantis, Bif longum, E. coli. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, the extract showed a promoting effect for the growth of Bif animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2014

This study was performed to evaluate the sporicidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) spores. In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against C. perfringens spores was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. C. perfringens spores working culture suspension number (N value), all the spore numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacterial spore recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of C. perfringens spores exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacterial spore in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacterial spore on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.3{\times}10^7spores/mL$, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $4.9{\times}10^5spores/carrier$. In the sporicidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 4.52log reduction. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective sporicidal fumigant should be over than 3log reduction. The results indicated that Fumagari $OPP^{(R)}$ had an efficient sporicidal activity against spores of C. perfringens, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with bacterial spores.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2005

This study was performed to survey distribution of microorganisms and food-borne pathogenic bacterium in order to estimate microbiological safety in seonsik and saengsik. Total aerobic bacteria was detected over $10^5\;CFU/g$ in raw materials($4.3\%$) and products($35.7\%$) of saengsik. Coliforms were detected over $10^2\;CFU/g$ in seonsik products($27.3\%$) and in raw materials($4.3\%$) and products($35.7\%$) of saengsik. Cl. perfringens was detected in saengsik products($4.8\%$). B. cereus was detected in raw materials($12.5\%$) and products($18.2\%$) of seonsik and raw materials($13.0\%$) and products($23.8\%$) of saengsik. Concentration and detection rate of microorganisms in products were higher than raw materials. These results show some food hygiene problems but do not cause food poisoning because concentration of Clostridium perfringens and B. cereus were lower than $10^5\;CFU/g$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.685-688
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• 2005

Antibacterial and antiplatelet activities of Acorus gramineus rhizome-derived asaronaldehyde and asaron were analyzed using platelet aggregometer and six human intestinal bacteria. Active constituent of A. gramineus rhizome was isolated and characterized as asaronaldehyde by spectral analyses. At 2 and 1 mg/disk, asaronaldehyde exhibited strong inhibition of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile without adverse effects on growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. casei. Asaron also revealed moderate growth inhibition against C. perfringens and C. difficile at 2 mg/disk, no growth-inhibiting activity was observed on B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, and E. coli. At 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) value, asaronaldehyde was effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen ($IC_{50}$, $27.6\;{\mu}M$) and arachidonic acid ($IC_{50}$, $53.7\;{\mu}M$). These results suggest asaronaldehyde may be useful as lead compound for inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid.