• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

Extremely low birth weight infants remain at increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage from the fragile vascular bed of the germinal matrix; the roles of hypotension (ischemia) and reperfusion (hyperemia) in the development of intraventricular hemorrhage are still debated. Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation protects the brain by maintaining constant cerebral blood flow despite changes in blood pressure. The ontogeny of cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation has not been well established and uncertainty remains about the optimal arterial blood pressure required to support brain perfusion. Another important aspect of premature cerebral hemodynamics is the critical closing pressure--the arterial blood pressure at which cerebral blood flow ceases. Interestingly, in premature infants, the critical closing pressure approximates the mean arterial blood pressure. Often in this unique population, cerebral blood flow occurs only during systole when the diastolic arterial blood pressure is equal to the critical closing pressure. Moreover, the diastolic closing margin, a metric of cerebral perfusion that normalizes diastolic arterial blood pressure to the critical closing pressure, may be a better measure than arterial blood pressure for defining cerebral perfusion in premature infants. Elevated diastolic closing margin has been associated with intraventricular hemorrhage. This review summarizes the current state of understanding of cerebral hemodynamics in premature infants.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Purpose: In this study, through the comparison of the pressure fluctuation and air exchange volume in negative isolation room according to the type of the door and door opening/closing speeds, which is one of the main factors causing the cross contamination of the negative pressure isolation room, establishes standard operating procedures to prevent cross contamination in high risk infectious diseases and isolation room design. Methods: In this study, the air flow each of the room is analyzed using ANASYS CFX CODE for flow analysis. In addition, the grid configuration of the door is constructed by applying Immersed Solid Methods. Results: The pressure fluctuation due to the opening and closing of the hinged door was very large when the moment of the hinged door opened and closed. Especially, at the moment when the door is closed, a pressure reversal phenomenon occurs in which the pressure in the isolation room is larger than the pressure in the anteroom. On the other hand, the pressure fluctuation due to the opening and closing of the sliding door appeared only when the door was closed, but the pressure reversal phenomenon not occurred at the moment when the sliding door was closed, unlike the hinged door. As the opening and closing speed of the hinged door increases, the air exchange volume is increased. However, as the opening and closing speed of the sliding door is decreased, the air exchange volume is increased. Implications: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the pressure fluctuation due to the opening and closing of the hinged door is greater than the pressure fluctuation due to the opening and closing of the sliding door. In addition, it can be confirmed that the pressure reversal phenomenon, which may cause to reduce the containment effect in negative pressure isolation room, is caused by the closing of the hinged door. Therefore, it is recommended to install a sliding door to maintain a stable differential pressure in the negative isolation room. Also, as the opening and closing speed of the hinged door is slower and the opening and closing speed of the sliding door is faster, the possibility of cross contamination of the room can be reduced. It is therefore necessary to establish standard operating procedures for negative isolation room for door opening and closing speeds.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2003

Several factors, including peak dp/dt of the ventricular pressure and maximum closing velocity of leaflet have been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold. In the present study, just before closing velocity of the leaflet has been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold, and cavitation erosion on the surface of a mechanical valve was examined by focusing on squeeze flow and the water hammer phenomenon during the closing period of the valve. A simple solenoid-actuated test device that can directly control the valve closing velocity was developed, and opening-closing tests of 3,000 and 40,000 cycles were performed at various closing velocities. There was a closing velocity threshold to occur erosion pitting of valve surface, and its value was about 0.4 m/s in this study. Cavitation-induced erosion pits were observed only in regions where squeeze flow occurred immediately before valve closure On the other hand, the number of the pits was found to be closely related to an area of water hammer-induced pressure wave below the critical pressure defined by water vapor pressure. Therefore, it was concluded that cavitation is initiated and augmented by the two pressure drops due to squeeze flow and water hammer phenomenon, respectively.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

In this study, the experiment was conducted on a fire door(W × H = 0.98 m × 2.19 m) installed on the vestibule. The effective leakage area for each opening angles and closing forces derived from the impulse-momentum equation was compared and analyzed with the experimental results. As a result of the experiment, the major factors affecting the door closing forces were the pressure difference and the area of the door. The difference of door closing forces between measured and calculated values by the impulse-momentum equation showed a deviation of less than ±15% at the opening angles of 5°to 10°. At the door opening angle of 2.5°, the dynamic pressure was much higher than the measured static pressure, and this pressure difference is estimated to be air resistance acting to prevent the door from being completely closed.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2016

This paper presents an experimental study on the GDI injector with Bosch method. The injection characteristics, such as the injection quantity, the injection rate, the maximum velocity of the nozzle exit and the injection delay were studied through the change of the injection pressure, the tube pressure and energizing duration in injection rate measurement device using nheptane. The injection quantity is increased by increasing injection pressure, decreasing tube pressure or increasing energizing duration. As the difference of the injection quantity changed, the shape of injection rate was moved with a constant form. The maximum velocity of the nozzle exit showed a tendency to increase as the injection pressure is increased. However, tube pressure did not affect. Overall, it was confirmed that the closing delay is longer than the opening delay in all conditions. As the injection pressure increased, the result has a tendency to decrease the closing delay, it did not affect the opening delay. Reduction of the closing delay showed the reduction of the injection duration. the tube pressure and energizing duration did not affect the injection delay (opening delay, closing delay).

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.285-298
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• 1992

An analysis of the dynamics in the closing phase of the occluder of a mechanical monoleaflet heart valve prosthesis is presented. The dynamic analysis of the fluid in the vicinity of the occluder was based on the control vo]use approach. The backflow velocity of the fluid was computed by applying the continuity, Bernoulli's and momentum equations in the unsteady state. By considering the fluid pressure and gravity as external forces acting on the occluder, the moment equilibrium on fine occluder was employed to analyze the motion of the occluder during closing and the force of impact between the occluder and the guiding struts. Occluder comes to rest after several oscillations in about 10-18 msec after the Inltiaton of closing. As the aortic pressure increases, the occludes closes faster and comes to the final resting position earlier and the impact force increases also. But backflow is not af footed by the variation of the aortic pressure. With decreasing time delay of the ventricle pressure, the occluder closes faster and impact force Increases. The computed magnitudes of the occluder tiP velocities as well as the backflow of the fluid during the closing phase using this model were in agreement with previously reported experimental measurements.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2002

1980년대에 동물과 인체에 이식한 기계식 인공 판막으로부터 핏트(pit)가 발견된 이래 그 원인으로 캐비테이션 현상이 주목받고 있다. 심실 압력 구배(dp/dt), 최대 폐쇄속도, 스퀴즈 유동 등과 같은 다양한 요소가 캐비테이션 발생의 임계값으로 연구되고 있다. 현재에는 기계식 판막의 표면 괴식의 원인으로서는 폐쇄직전에 발생하는 스퀴즈 유동과 수격현상 등이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자연 심장에 비교적 가까운 압력 조건하에서 강체 홀더와 유연성을 부가한 홀더를 이용하여 모델 밸브의 디스크의 폐쇄 운동 및 밸브 표면 부위의 압력 변화를 측정하였다 실험 결과 모든 홀더에서 디스크 표면 근처에서 수증기 압력 이하의 압력 저하가 예상되었다. 또한 폐쇄 직전의 속도가 증가할수록 밸브의 표면 괴식도 증가하였다. 이들의 결과로부터 폐쇄 직전의 판막의 속도가 표면 괴식에 큰 영향을 미친다고 생각됐다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2004

Bileaflet mechanical valves have the complications such as hemolysis and thromboembolism, leaflet damage, and leaflet break. These complications are related with the fluid velocity and shear stress characteristics of mechanical heart valves. The first aim of the current study is to introduce fluid-structure interaction method for calculation of unsteady and three-dimensional blood flow through bileaflet valve and leaflet behavior interacted with its flow, and to overcome the shortness of the previous studies, where the leaflet motion has been ignored or simplified, by using FSI method. A finite volume computational fluid dynamics code and a finite element structure dynamics code have been used concurrently to solve the flow and structure equations, respectively, to investigate the interaction between the blood flow and leaflet. As a result, it is observed that the leaflet is closing very slowly at the first stage of processing but it goes too fast at the last stage. And the results noted that the low pressure is formed behind leaflet to make the cavitation because of closing velocity three times faster than opening velocity. Also it is observed some fluttering phenomenon when the leaflet is completely opened. And the rebounce phenomenon due to the sudden pressure change of before and after the leaflet just before closing completely. The some of time-delay is presented between the inversion point of ventricle and aorta pressure and closing point of leaflet. The shear stress is bigger and the time of exposure is longer when the flow rate is maximum. So it is concluded that the distribution of shear stress at complete opening stage has big effect on the blood damage, and that the low-pressure region appeared behind leaflet at complete closing stage has also effect on the blood damage.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

가정용 LPG 저압조정기의 사용경과에 따른 성능특성과 사용수명을 평가하기 위하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 조정기의 안전장치 작동압력은 사용경과 1년부터 분출개시압력값과 정지압력값을 이탈하였고, 조정압력과 폐쇄압력은 사용경과 7${\~}$8년부터의 조정기에서 기준값을 현저하게 벗어났다. 스프링과 다이어프램은 사용한지 5${\~}$6년이 경과하면서 재료특성이 저하하였다. 따라서 LPG 저압조정기는 약 6년 정도의 사용수명을 갖고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 그러나 사용자의 안전확보와 사고예방을 위해서 5년이 경과하면 조정기에 이상이 없더라도 교체하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.717-724
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• 2020

본 논문에서 액체로켓엔진용 연소기 산화제 개폐밸브로 사용되는 밸브 개방 자체유지가능형 포핏 밸브의 밸브 닫힘 작동특성에 대한 연구 내용을 소개하기로 한다. 상온 및 극저온 환경에서 밸브 닫힘 특성을 예측할 수 있는 수치해석 방법을 제시하였으며, 시험결과와의 비교를 통해 계산결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 본 연구를 통해 상온 및 극저온 작동 환경에서 각각 구동가스 배출 시스템의 유효 유로 면적과 밸브 작동부에 작용하는 운용유체의 압력 분포가 밸브의 전반적인 닫힘 작동특성을 좌우하는 주요 변수인 것을 확인하였다. 또한 극저온 작동 환경에서 구동가스를 적절히 활용함으로써, 밸브 닫힘 압력을 유연하게 조정할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 밸브 닫힘 속도 또한 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.