• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2001

The findings of serum biochemical tests in the inhabitants residing in some riverside areas of kyongsangnam-do were analized to know the correlation with the Clonorchis sinensis infection. A total of 2,722 fecal samples of inhabitants was examined by Kato's cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether sedimentation methods, and their serums were analized biochemically. Three hundred and thirty-three inhabitants (12.2%) were positive with C. sinensis eggs (egg-positive group), and remaining 2,389 were negative (egg-negative group). In the egg-positive group, the positive .ate of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 6.9% (male: 10.3%; female: 3.2%), that of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 6.3% (male: 9.1%; female: 3.2%), of $\gamma$-glutamy1 transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GIP) was 9.0% (male: 13.1%; female: 4.4%), and that of $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AEP) was 3.0% (male: 2.9%; female: 3.2%). In the egg-negative group, the positive rate of AST was 5.2% (male: 8.9%; female: 3.2%), that of ALT was 5.1% (male: 8.6%; female: 3.2%), of $\gamma$-GTP was 7.5% (male: 13.0%; female: 4.5%), and that of AFP was 0.3% (male: 0.5%; female: 0.1%). In the egg-positive group, 127 cases (38.1%) were light infection, 108 (32.4%) were moderate infection,64 (19.2%) were heavy infection, and 34 (10.2%) were very heavy infection. The positive rates of all tests were high according to the intensity of infection. From the above results, It was confirmed that prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in some riverside areas of Kyongsangnam-do, and findings of serum biochemical tests are not different between the egg-positive group and egg-negative group. However, there were some difference in the positive rates of serum AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP and AEP by the age, sex and the intensity of infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 1999

The present study analyzed serum IgG subclass antibody reaction to major antigenic bands of Clonorchis sinensis to investigate improvement of its serodiagnosis. Of the four subclass antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were produced but not specific, IgG3 antibody was least produced, and IgG4 antibody was prominent and specific. The serum IgG antibody reaction to any of 43-50, 34-37, 26-28, and 8 kDa bands was found in 65.5％ of 168 egg positive cases while IgG4 antibody reaction was found in 22.0％ of them. The positive rates of IgG and IgG4 antibodies were directly correlated with the intensity of infection. All of the sera from heavily infected cases over EPG 5,000 showed positive reaction for specific IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The specific serum IgG4 antibody disappeared within 6 months after treatment. The bands of 35 kDa and 67 kDa cross-reacted with IgG antibodies but not with IgG4 antibodies in sera of other trematode infections. The present findings suggest that serum IgG4 antibody reaction to 8 kDa band is specific but not sensitive. Any method to increase its sensitivity is required for improved serodiagnosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.359-367
• /
• 2009

Paramyosin is a myofibrillar protein present in helminth parasites and plays multifunctional roles in host-parasite interactions. In this study, we identified the gene encoding paramyosin of Clonorchis sinensis (CsPmy) and characterized biochemical and immunological properties of its recombinant protein. CsPmy showed a high level of sequence identity with paramyosin from other helminth parasites. Recombinant CsPmy (rCsPmy) expressed in bacteria had an approximate molecular weight of 100 kDa and bound both human collagen and complement 9. The protein was constitutively expressed in various developmental stages of the parasite. Imunofluorescence analysis revealed that CsPmy was mainly localized in the tegument, subtegumental muscles, and the muscle layer surrounding the intestine of the parasite. The rCsPmy showed high levels of positive reactions (74.6%, 56/75) against sera from patients with clonorchiasis. Immunization of experimental rats with rCsPmy evoked high levels of IgG production. These results collectively suggest that CsPmy is a multifunctional protein that not only contributes to the muscle layer structure but also to non-muscular functions in host-parasite interactions. Successful induction of host IgG production also suggests that CsPmy can be applied as a diagnostic antigen and/or vaccine candidate for clonorchiasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2001

In the course of immunoscreening of Clonorchis sinensis cDNA library, a cDNA CsRP12 containing a tandem repeat was isolated. The cDNA CsRP 12 encodes two putative peptides of open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 (CsRP12-1 and -2). The repetitive region is composed of 15 repeats of 10 amino acids. Of the two putative peptides, CsRP12-1 was proline-rich and found to have homologues in several organisms. Recombinant proteins of the putative peptides were bacterially produced and purified by an affinity chromatography Recombinant CsRP12-1 protein was recognized by sera of clonorchiasis patients and experimental rabbits, but recombinant CsRP 12-2 was not. One of the putative peptide, CsRP12-1, is designated CsPRA, proline-rich antigen of C. sinensis. Both the C-termini of CsRP12-1 and -2 were bacterially produced and analysed to show no antigenicity. Recombinant CsPRA protein showed high sensitivity and specificity. In experimental rabbits, IgG antibodies to CsPRA was produced between 4 and 8 weeks after the infection and decreased thereafter over one you. These results indicate that CsPRA is equivalent to a natural protein and a useful antigenic protein for serodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of clonorchiais and analyze the knowledge level and intention of the participants to change their behavior related to clonorchiais. Method: The participants were 514 people from 7 community health posts along the Geum River. The formalin-esther sedimentation technique was used to detect the Clonorchis Sinensis (CS) eggs and a questionnaire for data on related factors. The study was carried on from December 2008 to January 2009. Results: The prevalence of CS averaged 9.3%, with a range from 0% to 24.6%. The significant factors were sex, habit of eating raw fish, and habit related to smoking and alcohol consumption. The level of knowledge was not high and not significantly different between the CS positive group and CS negative group. Intention to change their habits of eating raw fish showed various stages of change and attitudes to raw fish eating habit of others were not positive. Conclusions: These results suggest that a CS control program needs to be developed by community health services in the Geum River area to decrease the prevalence of clonorchiais.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.110-122
• /
• 1987

간흡충(Clonorchis sinensis)에 감염된 토끼에 프라지관텔을 $50{\;}mg/kg{\times}2회{\times}2일의$ 용법으로 투여하여 12주 후까지 간의 조직병리학적인 소견을 관찰한 바 아래의 결론을 얻었다. 감염 2주까지 관찰된 간내 담관 상피층의 미약한 증식, 담도주위 염증과 부종 등은 치료 4주 후에 모두 소실되어 이 때 까지의 변화는 가역적인 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 감염 4주 이후에는 치료 후 1주에 이미 상당히 정도가 약해 졌으나 12주까지도 담관과 담관상피층의 증식이 많이 완화된 수준으로 계속 관찰되었고 담관주위 섬유화도 지속되었다. 이러한 잔존 병변은 감염 후 경과한 기간이 길수록 정도가 심하였다. 간흡충증이 감염 초기가 아니면 치료 후에도 간에 형성된 병변이 잔존하는 것으로 미루어, 감염자의 감염 후 2~4주 이내의 조기치료가 중요하다고 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제58권5호
• /
• pp.513-525
• /
• 2020

Clonorchis sinensis is a food-borne trematode that infects more than 15 million people. The liver fluke causes clonorchiasis and chronical cholangitis, and promotes cholangiocarcinoma. The underlying molecular pathogenesis occurring in the bile duct by the infection is little known. In this study, transcriptome profile in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis were analyzed using microarray methods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 1,563 and 1,457 at 2 and 4 weeks after infection. Majority of the DEGs were temporally dysregulated at 2 weeks, but 519 DEGs showed monotonically changing expression patterns that formed seven distinct expression profiles. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of the DEG products revealed 5 sub-networks and 10 key hub proteins while weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)-derived gene-gene interaction exhibited 16 co-expression modules and 13 key hub genes. The DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, which were related to original systems, cellular process, environmental information processing, and human diseases. This study uncovered a global picture of gene expression profiles in the bile ducts infected with C. sinensis, and provided a set of potent predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis of clonorchiasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제60권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2022

The positive rate of Clonorchis sinensis is the highest among intestinal parasites in the Republic of Korea (Korea). More than 1.2 million people were at risk of C. sinensis infection in Korea in 2012. An intensive control program is being implemented for residents of the 5 major river basins to reduce helminthic infections, including C. sinensis infection. This study evaluated the continuous intensive control program for parasitic diseases including clonorchiasis in areas near the 5 major river basins in Korea over the past 10 years (2011-2020). A total of 335,020 fecal samples (one sample per resident) prepared by the modified sedimentation technic were microscopically examined. Those who expelled helminth eggs were treated with anthelmintics through local health centers and re-examined 3 months later. The overall positive rate of helminths egg was 7.1%. The annual positive rates were dramatically decreased from 14.4% (2011) to 5.9% (2020). The egg positive rate was highest in C. sinensis (5.3%), followed by heterophyid flukes (1.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.2%). The prevalence of C. sinensis was significantly higher in males (7.6%) than in females (3.7%), and the highest in the 50-59 years (7.0%) age group. Our results are beneficial to establish prevention and control policies against helminthiases including clonorchiasis in endemic areas in this country.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1988

프라지관텔이 사용되어 많은 간흡충 감염자가 치료되고 있는 현재의 상환에 비추어, 간흡충중의 진단에서 피내반응검사와 혈청검사의 효용성과 치료 후의 혈청 항체가의 변동 양상을 관찰하고자 이 연구를 실시하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 피내 반응검사를 실시한 135명 중에서 간흡충의 VBS항원에 양성 반응자가 35명 (25.9%)이었고 이 중에서 간흡충란 양성자는 12명 (34.3%)이 었다. 2. 전체 간흡충란 양성자 129명에서 간흡충 성충의 조항원을 이용한 효소면역 법(ELISA)의 흡광도가 0.063~1.216($0.325{\pm}0.202$)이 고 25명 의 충란음성 자에 서 는 0.078~0.670($0.255{\pm}0.133$)이었다. 3. 총 93례에서 실시한 EPG와 휴광도의 관계를 보면 68명의 EPG 900이하 감염례에서 0,063~0.761($0.258{\pm}0.142$)이고, EPG 1,000~1,900의 6례에서 0,231~0.773($0.463{\pm}.191$0), EPG 2,0000~3,900의 6례에서 0.361~0.640($0.497{\pm}0,103$), EPG 4,000~9,900의 7례에서 0.196~0.874($0.517{\pm}0.261$), 6명의 중감염자(EPG 10,000 이상)에서 0.359~1.216($0.715{\pm}0.342$)이었다. 4. 치료 전후에 관찰한 혈청내 특이 IgG항체가는 각 군에 따라서 다음과 같다. 제 1군의 치료전 흡광도는 0.075~1.216($0.347{\pm}0.258$)이고 치료 12~14일 후에는 0.065~l.181($0.417{\pm}0.272$)이었고, 제 II군의 홉광도는 0.IG2~10.796($0.320{\pm}0.287$)이고 치료 4주 후에 0.107~0.544($0.206{\pm}0.115$)이었다. 제III군에서는 흡광도가 치료 전에 0.102~0.470($0.244{\pm}0.117$)이며 치료 8~9주 후에 0.101~0.500($0.256{\pm}0.134$)이었다. 제 IV군의 경우 흡광도가 0.063~0.735($0.320{\pm}0.189$)에서 치료 후 7개월에 0.090~0.404($0.201{\pm}0.088$)로 감소하고, 제 V군에서 흡광도 0.063~0.773($0.352{\pm}0.227$)이 치료 13개월 후에 0.076~0.386($0.216{\pm}0.096$)으로 감소하였다. 치료 전후의 흡광도는 7개월 및 13개월 후의 변화만이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어보면 간흡충증의 진단에서 효소면역 법을 이용한 혈청 내 특이 IgG항체 검사는 EPG 1,000 이상의 중등도 이상 감염자에서만 우수한 진단적 가치를 가진다고 판단된다. 또한 프라지관델로 치료하여 충란음전이 된 상태에서 혈청내 ITG항체는 투약 후 9주와 7개월 사이에 유의하게 감소하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.249-254
• /
• 1998

간흡충은 현재 국내에서 가장 충란양성률이 높은 인체기생충으로 우수한 구충효과를 보이는 국산 프라지콴텔이 사용되고 있음에도 여전히 유행도가 높아 관리대책이 필요하다. 이 연구는 간흡충이 유행하는 한 마을에서 충란양성자를 6개월 간격으로 반복 검사 및 투약하면서 관리효과를 파악하고 간흡충증의 진단에서 복부초음파검사의 유용성을 검토하였다. 충북 괴산군의 한 마을에서 충란양성률이 처음 22.7％이었으나, 치료를 반복하면서 6개월 후에 19.6％, 12개월 후에 15.1％, 18개월 후에 12.2％, 24개월 후에 6.3％, 30개월 후에 11.4％, 42개월 후에 6.3％를 나타내었다. 한 번 이상 초음파 검사와 검변에 참여한 피검사자 총 123명 중에서 61명 (49.6％) 이 간내 담관이 관찰되어 양성소견을 보였으나, 이들 중에서 충란양성률은 18.7％ (23/123)이었다. 충란양성자 중에서 52.5％, 충란음성자 중에서 49％가 초음파 양성소견을 보여 충란양성 여부와 초음파 양성소견은 관련성이 없었다. 또한 치료 후에 초음파로 검사한 결과 치료 후 6개월 64.3％, 12개월 50％, 18개월 50％, 24개월 66.7％의 초음파 양성소견을 보였다. 비유행지에서 주민 64명의 충란음성자를 대상으로 초음파로 검사한 결과 20 (31.3％)명이 양성으로 관찰되었다. 이 연구의 결과에 의하면 6개월 간격으로 충란양성자를 3년 6개월간 지속적으로 투약하여도 간흡충증의 집단관리가 충분하지 못하며, 초음파검사는 유용성이 낮은 진단법임을 확인하였다.