• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

Although most cases of tension-type headache(TTH) are myogenic headache, in some cases, arthralgia appears, such as the disorder of the temporamandibular joint. This study is designed to compare the clinical patterns of arthralgia to those of myalgia, when both symptoms are co-existing. Among 167 patients who visit our clinic during a certain period, whose chief complaint was TTH, 18 patients were the arthralgia group, 50 patients were the myalgia group, and 99 patients who have both arthralgia and myalgia were the arthromyalgia group. Three groups were asked to answer the questionnaires about their age, gender, and oral parafunction such as bruxism or clenching. Then we gathered statistics on the data from the accomplished questionnaires. 1. There was statistical significance in age among the three groups(p=0.02). 2. There was no statistical significance in sex and oral parafunction among the three groups. 3. There was statistical significance the myalgia group was older than the arthromyalgia group(p<0.03). The results of the study show that as patients become older, TTH with myalgia happens more frequently than TTH with arthralgia and myalgia does.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.112-119
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• 2018

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a joint pathology caused by bony and/or fibrous adhesion of the joint apparatus, resulting in partial or total loss of function. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between 2012 and 2016 in the northwest region of Nigeria. The data retrieved includes gender, age, etiology of ankylosis, duration of ankylosis, laterality of ankylosis, type of imaging technique, type of airway management, types of incision, surgical procedure, mouth opening, interpositional materials used, and complications. Results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty-six patients with TMJA were evaluated during the study period. There were 21 males (58.3%) and 15 females (41.7%), yielding a male:female ratio of 1.4:1. The patients' age ranged from 5 to 33 years with $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation ($13.8{\pm}6.6years$). Thirty-five cases (97.2%) were determined to be true/bony ankylosis, while only 1 case (2.8%) was false/fibrous ankylosis. Most of the TMJA cases (16 cases, 44.4%) were secondary to a fall. In our series, the most commonly utilized incision was the Bramley-Al-Kayat (15 cases, 41.7%). The mostly commonly performed procedures were condylectomies and upper ramus ostectomies (12 cases each, 33.3%), while the most commonly used interpositional material was temporalis fascia (14 cases, 38.9%). The complications that developed included 4 cases (11.1%) of severe hemorrhage, 1 case (2.8%) of facial nerve palsy, and 1 case (2.8%) of re-ankylosis. Conclusion: Plain radiographs, with their shortcomings, still have significant roles in investigating TMJA. Aggressive postoperative physiotherapy for a minimum of 6 months is paramount for successful treatment.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

Purpose: The objective of this study is to find out physical properties and the flexural strength changed by the low temperature degradation of the block which is needed to make bio-prosthetic dentistry which is better than feldspar affiliated ceramic made by building up ceramic powder and also to apply this to the clinical use of zirconia monolithic all-ceramic crown. Methods: Flexural strength of each sample was evaluated before and after the Low Temperature Degradation, and physical properties of the Tetra Zirconia Block containing 3mol % was evaluated as well. The average and standard deviation of each experimental group were came out of the evaluation. Statistical package for social science 18.0 was used for statistics. Results: The average density of the monolithic all-ceramic crown was $6.0280{\pm}0.0147g/cm$, the relative density was 99.01 %. When the sample was sintered at $1480^{\circ}C$ the diameter of average particle was $396.62{\pm}33.71nm$. All the samples had no monolithic peak after XRD evaluation but only had tetragonal peak. There were statistically significant differences in the result of flexural strength of the samples evaluated after and before the low temperature degradation, the flexural strength before the low temperature degradation was $1747.40{\ss}{\acute{A}}$, at the temperature of $130^{\circ}C$ the flexural strength after the low temperature degradation was 1063.99MPa (p<0.001). There was statistically significant difference in the result of strength of 1020.07MPa after the low temperature degradation at the temperature of $200^{\circ}C$ (p<0.001). Conclusion: The block which was made for this evaluation possesses such an excellent strength among dental restorative materials that it is thought to have no problems to use for tetragonal zirconia polycrystal.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to collect the statistics of pediatric problems and to develop more effective oriental medical treatments for pediatric diseases, their clinical applicability, and chief complaints on pediatric inpatients in oriental hospitals. Methods The study was composed of seventy inpatients that were age from 0 to 20, had received hospital treatment at the pediatrics in Dongguk Bun-Dang Oriental Medicine Hospital for seven years from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2008. The chief complaints were mainly categorized by oral examination on their patients. Results 1. In this study, male children were thirty one and female children were 39. Thus, sex ration of male to female was 0.79:1. 2. In age distribution, one month to one year were three (4.3%), 1 to six years were forty two (60%), six to ten years were fifteen (21.4%), and ten to twenty years were ten (14.3%). 3. In November, the number of inpatients was the highest (15.7%) in a year. However, there were no significant seasonal differences. 4. In the systemic division, the respiratory diseases : 44(62.9%), the digestive diseases : 11(15.7%), the infectious diseases : 5(7.1%), the musculoskeletal diseases : 3(4.3%), the diseases of nervous system : 3(4.3%), the gynecologic diseases : 1(1.4%), the liver and biliary disorders : 1(1.4%), and etc. : 3(4.3%). 5. The chief complaint of the inpatients is pneumonia, a common cold, respiratory complex symptoms, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, diarrhea and etc. Conclusions The two main causes of inpatients were respiratory diseases and digestive disease. More data of inpatients are required for further study. Thus, the new diseases and treatment methods should be studied as a field of oriental medical treatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.583-595
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• 2014

Hospitals in Korea have been increasingly using physician assistants (PA) as an alternative way of dealing with the shortage of residents. However, some incidents of a Physician's Assistant practicing beyond their legal scope require closer examination of the current PA's roles and functions. This study is a web-based survey designed towards targeting physician assistants in Korea (KPA) who practice delegated tasks under a physician's license. Currently, there are 2,125 KPAs working in 141 general hospitals and medical centers. Data from 704 nurses from who responded to the questionnaire were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the SPSS 12.0 program. Their mean age is 32.5 years with 8-10 years of clinical experiences, with males being more likely to be a PA. Despite of KPAs providing medical services and performing invasive procedures, only 13% of KPAs are licensed APNs (advanced practice nurse). KPAs have a low job satisfaction due to a lack of rewards and the necessity for providing illegal practices, and are experiencing identity confusion. The current KPA system is a transitional product of the change from the hierarchial structure to a more collaborative relationship between the medical and nursing departments. Providing adequate education and training, establishing protocols with legal protection, and developing professional independent scope of care are recommended to deliver safe and efficient medical services.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.768-783
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze dental records performed through a dental hygiene process and provide basic data on clinical training education for dental hygienists. Methods : The dental hygiene records of 440 senior dental hygiene students in Y University from March 2005 to September 2008, were examined. The needs of the clients confirmed by the dental hygiene diagnosis was based on Human Need Theory. The client's needs and the number of visits were analyzed according to the general characteristics(gender, age). The contents of the dental hygiene implementation performed according to the needs were divided into dental hygiene care and oral health education. The dental hygiene evaluation was classified into 'Met of Goal', 'Partially Met of Goal', and 'Unmet of Goal' according to the dental hygiene diagnosis. Data analysis was performed for the Frequency statistics and a Fisher's exact test using SPSS 12.0K for Windows. Results : 1. The clients were mostly aged in their 20's(307 clients). 2. The dental hygiene care usually performed was 'Scaling' and 'Recommendation to visit a dental clinic', and the education performed was 'How to brush teeth'. The implementation result from the need to Freedom of Stress was as simple as 'Be careful when treating' and 'Explanation of medical treatment and tools'. 3. The dental hygiene evaluation showed a higher met rate in the field of education than in that of the dental hygiene care. The reason for unmet the goal was 'Lack of the client's efforts and they didn't visit dental clinic'. Conclusions : The search for a range of clients for dental hygiene process should be made through effective connections between the local community institutions and schools. It was suggested that they should be strength the practical exercises for clients suffering dental anxiety and stress in dental treatments. In addition, education and attempts to motivate the clients should be performed according to their characteristics.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between death recognition, terminal care stress, terminal care performance, and other influencing factors of terminal care performance in terminal care hospital nurses. Two hundred forty nurses working in 11 hospitals for the elderly located in G, N, C city were surveyed. They were asked to complete three questionnaires: one on death recognition, one on terminal care stress, and a final one on terminal care performance. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression using SAS 9.1. The findings suggest that the nurses' own mental and occupational stress was the cause of many difficulties in the practice of end-of-life care, where the nurse will often experience the death patients, which results in increased dysentery stress. There was a negative correlation between species stress and terminal care performance. Death recognition and terminal care stress were correlated with terminal care performance. The results suggest that the longer the clinical experience, the higher the quality of terminal care performance. Therefore, it is suggested that terminal care should be performed considering the longevity of the careers career and their death tendency. Further to this study, it is necessary to find out how to reduce stress and to evaluate other variables affecting the care of the patient.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.106-114
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• 2007

Background : Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, Ephedra sinica $S_{TAPE}$) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in Asian over the past thousand years. The main ingredient of Mahuang is ephedrine, whose affects on the autonomic nervous system induce some adverse effects like vasoconstriction, hypertension, tachycardia, miosis, insomnia, dizziness, headache, etc. Although there were lots of reports about adverse effects of Mahuang, there were no clinical studies which evaluated the adverse effects of Mahuang on the autonomic nervous system by objective numerical value in the past decade. Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide an objective assessment of state-trait anxiety that is caused by Mahuang, and to identify anxiety of Mahuang according to different Sasang constitution classifications. Methods : The study design was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 79 adults aged between 20 to 40 who agreed to participate. Because 8 adults dropped out, a total of 71 subjects entered the study. They were allocated through randomization to a Mahuang group (N=50) and placebo group (N=21). Each group took three opaque capsules (every opaque capsule containing 2g of Mahuang or none) twice a day. To compare the state and trait anxiety before and after taking Mahuang, we checked the anxiety by using STAI-KYZ. Results : The following results were obtained. Short-term administration of Mahuang significantly increased state-anxiety, but in the placebo group, there were no significant changes in state-anxiety. In the Mahuang group except females, there was more significant increase in state-anxiety of Soeumin than Soyangin and Taeumin in the 2nd measurement. Conclusion : It is suggested that the ingestion of Mahuang can increase sympathetic activity and induce anxiety. There was a significant difference among Sasang constitution classification. Especially, the response is stronger in Soeumin than other constitutions. If we use Mahuang according to the Sasang constitution classification in clinic, we could not only minimize the anxiety but maximize the potential curative value.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate oral hygiene knowledge and the actual condition of oral care for the students in the public health and non-public health Departments. Methods: The survey sample consisted of 262 randomly selected students. 197 of them are public health-related students and 65 are non-public health-related students. The questionnaires used in this study consisted of 4 items for general information, oral health status of 2 items, 5 items for Oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care of 5 items. Collected data were analyzed by Frequency Analysis t-test and Crosstabs using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Win 19.0 statistics program. Results: Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there were 53.8% of first-year student, 26.0% of second-year student and 20.2% of third-year student among 52.3% of males and 47.7% of females. The subjects received less than "100,000" won(13.0%), "100,000-190,000" won (5.0%), "200,000-290,000" won(30.9%), "300,000-390,000" won (33.2%) and more than "400,000" won(17.9%) a month for an allowance. The subjects had 'none' (44.3%), '1'(6.5%), '2'(12.6%), '3'(5.0%), '4'(5.3%), 'more than' 5(0.8%) of dental caries and 'do not know' were 25.6%. The numbers of dental prosthetics were 'no' (35.5%), '1'(13.7%), '2'(17.2%), '3'(10.3%), '4'(11.5%), and 'more than 5'(11.8%). The public health students(84.8%) had a higher positive response rate than the non-public health students(66.2%). The public health students(80.2%) had a higher negative response rate than the non-public health students(78.5%) in the result of onset of gum disease pain awareness. The non-public health students(65.5%) had a higher negative response rate than the public health students(68.3%)) in the result of heredity of gum disease. The t-test showed that public health-related department students(M=8.264, SD=0.821) had more knowledge about oral hygiene than non-public health-related department students(M=8.015, SD=1.082). 'do not use' in the oral care products except toothpaste and toothbrush showed that public health-related department students(60.4%) use the products more than non-public health-related department students(66.2%). Conclusion: In this study, public health-related department students had higher oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care compared to non-public health-related students, but low in practical action. Due to the lower level of dental care products use in non-public health-related department, a continuous oral care education program is required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5063-5069
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in most countries of the world. It is ranked first in females in Morocco (accounting for 33.4% of the total cancer burden) and more than 60% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV. During the last decade, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important aspect of breast cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to describe self-reported HRQOL in patients with breast cancer and to investigate its associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the main oncology centers in Morocco. Quality of life was measured using the Moroccan Arabic versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C 30 (EORTC QLQ C30) and the Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 1463 subjects were included in the study, with a mean age of 55.6 (SD. 11.2) years, 70% being married. The majority had stage II (45.9%) and a few cases stage IV (12.9%) lesions. The participants' global health mean score was 68.5 and in "functional scales", social functioning scored the highest (Mean 86.2 (SD=22.7)). The most distressing symptom on the symptom scale was financial difficulties (Mean 63.2 (SD=38.2)). Using the disease specific tool, it was found that future perspective scored the lowest (Mean 40.5 (SD=37.3)). On the symptom scale, arm symptoms scored the highest (Mean 23.6 (SD=21.6)). Significant mean differences were noted for many functional and symptom scales. Conclusion: Our results emphasized that the general HRQOL for our study population is lower than for corresponding populations in other countries. This study provided baseline information on the quality of life for a large sample of Moroccan women diagnosed with breast cancer.