• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2009

개의 마취에서 부작용을 예방하기 위하여 전마취제로 가장 일반적으로 사용되어지는 항콜린제는 심장에 부작용을 일으킬 수 있다. 비글견에서 케타민 마취 동안 심장의 교감신경과 부교감 신경의 균형에 대한 아트로핀과 글리코피롤레이트의 효과를 검증하기 위하여, 심박변이도, 마취 기간 그리고 행동 변화가 평가 되어졌다. 아트로핀과 글리코피롤레이트에서는 어떠한 일시적인 domain 차이도 없었다. 주파수 영역과 연관되어서는, 아트로핀과 글리코피롤레이트 효과는 모두 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그러나, 아트로핀의 RMSSD와 SD1은 기준선보다 낮았으며(P<0.05), 글리코피롤레이트의 LF:HF ratio는 기준선보다 높은 유의한 변화를 보였다(P<0.05). SD1의 변화는 주파수 도메인의 HF와 일치하는 변화를 보였으며 호흡수와 $SpO_2-R$의 변화와도 일치하는 변화를 보였다. 우리의 결과는 심장의 자율신경적 특성을 이용하여 글리코피롤레이트가 안전성과 작용 시간을 고려하여 개에서 케타민 마취 시 항콜린제로 더욱 적당하다는 것을 증명한 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1499-1505
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• 2009

본 실험은 2007년 8월에서 9월 동안, 집단 사육되는 토끼에서 피부병을 유발한 주 병원체를 확인하고 역학적인 특성을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 총 10개의 농장에서 임상적으로 피부병이 명확한 토끼들을 선별하여 실험에 공시하였다. 40마리의 토끼 피부병변에서 모발 및 피부 조직 520개를 채취하여 진균학적, 세균학적, 기생충학적으로 검사를 실시하였다. 피부사상균, 세균성 피부염 그리고 기생충성 피부염의 발병율은 각각 95%, 92.5% 그리고 7.5%로 나타났다. 진균 배양 결과에서 피부 사상균의 주된 원인체로 Trichophyton mentagrophyte (95%)가 가장 많이 검출되었고, 그 다음으로 Aspergillus s(5%)와 Cryptococcus humilocus (2.5%)가 순차적으로 검출되었다. 세균 배양 결과에서는 토끼의 세균성 피부염을 유발하는 원인체로 Staphylococcus coagulase가 가장 많이 검출되었고, Staphylococcus aureus가 두 번째로 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 이 연구에서는 외부 기생충의 검출은 낮게 나타났으며, Psoroptes cuniculi가 40마리의 토끼 중 3마리에서(7.5%) 검출되었다. 본 실험의 결과는 토끼 피부병 치료와 연구에 관련한 기초 정보를 제공할 것이라 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2017

Background: Proper education regarding inhaler usage and optimal management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is essential for effectively treating patients with COPD. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive education program including inhaler training and COPD management. Methods: We enlisted 127 patients with COPD on an outpatient basis at 43 private clinics in Korea. The patients were educated on inhaler usage and disease management for three visits across 2 weeks. Physicians and patients were administered a COPD assessment test (CAT) and questionnaires about the correct usage of inhalers and management of COPD before commencement of this program and after their third visit. Results: The outcomes of 127 COPD patients were analyzed. CAT scores ($19.6{\pm}12.5$ vs. $15.1{\pm}12.3$) improved significantly after this program (p<0.05). Patients with improved CAT scores of 4 points or more had a better understanding of COPD management and the correct technique for using inhalers than those who did not have improved CAT scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: A comprehensive education program including inhaler training and COPD management at a primary care setting improved CAT scores and led to patients' better understanding of COPD management.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2015

Objectives : Through a comparative study between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine about the theory of diagnosis, the theory of herbal medicine, the theory of prescription, the theory of acupuncture and constitutional medicine to put forward a complementary perfect solution which has good clinical utility. Methods : We compared and sorted out the textbook of Korean Sasang constitutional medicine which named Sasang medicine, and also the textbook of Chinese TCM which was including Basic theory of TCM, Diagnostics of TCM, Science of Chinese materia medica, Pharmacology of traditional Chinese medical formulae, Science of acupuncture and moxibustion, Constitution of TCM, and also related papers. Results : (1) Through a comparative study between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine about diagnosis, herbal medicine, prescription and acupuncture, Sasang constitutional medicine is a medical system which gives priority to balance of organs, when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine is a medical system that gives priority to improve symptom. (2) The prescriptions of Sasang constitutional medicine are used for the treatment of basic pathogenesis in the chronic stage of the disease, which can recover vital qi, when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine are used for the treatment of stage pathogenesis in the acute stage of the disease, which can get rid of pathogenic factors. (3) There are two kind of complementary perfect solution between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine. One perfect complementary medicine is that Sasang constitutional medicine plays a major role when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine plays a supporting role. The other one is that Syndrome identification and treatment medicine plays a major role when Sasang constitutional medicine plays a supporting role. It determined by the usual symptoms and the symptoms now, vital qi and pathogenic factors, symptom and the root cause, acute stage and chronic stage, and the state of pathogenesis. Conclusion : A new perfect complementary medicine can be created which is based on the setting that Sasang constitutional medicine primarily treat the usual symptoms, vital qi, the root cause, chronic stage and basic pathogenesis when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine primarily treat the symptoms now, pathogenic factors, symptom, acute stage and stage pathogenesis.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.8-27
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• 2001

1. Purpose This paper was written in order to understand the concept of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ (東武遣稿 藥性歌) which was descending as the material of Sasang pharmacology. So we are planning to make use of the fundamental material of the study on the Sasang Medications and Prescriptions. 2. Methods Through comparing each clause of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ on all the sasang -records, we understood that concept. 3 Result 1) ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ of a literary work of DongMu(東武) which contain special elucidative-method of herb-nature has 18 type of YakSungGa which explain each 27 herbs for the Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. The period of authoship is supposed to the time just before ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon Gabobon${\lrcorner}$ (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)(1894, DongMu 58 years old) or middle of fifties(53-57 years old). 2) YakSungGa of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ which is published by the BoGunsung(保健省) of North Korea is supposed to close to original type. The main meaning of that is the herb-nature which works on the weakst point of each Sasangin. And then the herbs were classfied by the diseases and symptoms possessing Bomyungjiju(保命之主), the herb's efficacy is explained at the each constitution. 3) The meaning of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ is exposure of the opinion of DongMu's early stage that proposed herb-nature which is applied to the principle of Jang(臟) of Sasangin, reason and purpose to enact newly created prescriptios by the constitutional diseases and symptoms, and the compositional principle of newly created prescription. 4) The selection of herbs or cogution of herb-nature of DongMu's pharmacological opinion of his early stage was changed by accumulating clinical experience. So all the newly created prescriptios of ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$ could not be explained by only the herb and the herd-nature on ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$. Therefore the purpose of DongMu's YaksungGa is not explaining the symptoms in charge of each herb or classifying the herb by constitution, but offering the principle of composition of prescription of Sasang, from the necessary herb which possess and expand Bomyungjiju to nature of herb which is applied to the constitution for treating all the diseases and sypmtoms by the heavy or light and slow or speedy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2011

Ginseng has been used as a general tonic agent to invigorate the human body as an adaptogenic agent. In a previous report, we have shown that ginseng contains a novel glycolipoprotein called gintonin. The main function of gintonin is to transiently enhance intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ levels in animal cells. The previous method for gintonin isolation included multiple steps using organic solvents. In the present report, we developed a simple method for the preparation of crude gintonin from ginseng root as well as stem and leaf, which produced a higher yield of gintonin than the previous one. The yield of gintonin was 0.20%, 0.29%, and 0.81% from ginseng root, stem, and leaf, respectively. The apparent molecular weight of gintonin isolated from stem and leaf through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was almost same as that from root but the compositions of amino acids, carbohydrates or lipids differed slightly between them. We also examined the effects of crude gintonin from ginseng root, stem, and leaf on endogenous $Ca^{2+}$-activated $Cl^-$ channel (CaCC) activity of Xenopus oocytes through mobilization of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. We found that the order of potency for the activation of CaCC was ginseng root > stem > leaf. The $ED_{50}$ was $1.4{\pm}1.4$, $4.5{\pm}5.9$, and $3.9{\pm}1.1$ mg/mL for root, stem and leaf, respectively. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that in addition to ginseng root, ginseng stem and leaf also contain gintonin. Gintonin can be prepared from a simple method with higher yield of gintonin from ginseng root, stem, and leaf. Finally, these results demonstrate the possibility that ginseng stem and leaf could also be utilized for ginstonin preparation after a simple procedure, rather than being discarded.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2011

The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) cardiac $K^+$ channels are one of the representative pharmacological targets for development of drugs against cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia. Panax ginseng has been known to exhibit cardioprotective effects. In a previous report we demonstrated that ginsenoside $Rg_3$ regulates HERG $K^+$ channels by decelerating deactivation. However, little is known about how ginsenoside metabolites regulate HERG $K^+$ channel activity. In the present study, we examined the effects of ginsenoside metabolites such as compound K (CK), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and protopanaxatriol (PPT) on HERG $K^+$ channel activity by expressing human a subunits in Xenopus oocytes. CK induced a large persistent deactivatingtail current ($I_{deactivating-tail}$) and significantly decelerated deactivating current decay in a concentration-dependent manner. The $EC_{50}$ for persistent $I_{deactivating-tail}$ was $16.6{\pm}1.3$ ${\mu}M$. In contrast to CK, PPT accelerated deactivating-tail current deactivation. PPD itself had no effects on deactivating-tail currents, whereas PPD inhibited ginsenoside $Rg_3$-induced persistent $I_{deactivating-tail}$ and accelerated HERG $K^+$ channel deactivation in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that ginsenoside metabolites exhibit differential regulation on Ideactivating-tail of HERG $K^+$ channel.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.273-284
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• 2017

본 연구는 근감소증과 흡연과의 관계를 체계적으로 검토하기 위해 메타분석을 하였다. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library등의 국외 Database와 RlSS등의 국내 Database에서 (sarcopenia AND (smok?ng OR tobacco OR cigarette)) 등의 검색어로 2017년 1월까지의 문헌을 검색하였다. 문헌검색결과 총 25편(Cohort연구 7편, cross sectional연구 18편)의 문헌이 분석에 포함되었고, 흡연군과 비흡연군 간의 근감소증 발생률을 random effects model로 분석한 결과, 근감소증 발생률은 전체 OR 1.49(95% CI 1.21, 1.84, P = 0.000, $I^2=88.20%$이었다. 인종별로는 동양인(OR 1.28(95% CI 0.91, 1.78, P = 0.150, $I^2=85.32%$)), 서양인(OR 1.66(95% CI 1.25, 2.17, P = 0.000, $I^2=91.08%$))으로 서양인 흡연자에서의 근감소증 발생률이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았으며, 성별로는 남성과 여성 각각 OR 1.25(95% CI 1.11, 1.40, P = 0.000, $I^2=87.4%$), 1.80(95% CI 0.98, 3.30, P = 0.057, $I^2=89.11%$)로 남성에서 근감소증 발생률이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 서양인 남성에서 흡연은 근감소에 영향을 마치는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 근감소증 진단기준, 흡연에 대한 판단 기준이 개별연구마다 상이하므로 향후 근감소증 기준 및 흡연상태 평가에 대한 획일적 평가방법이 적용된 개별 임상연구의 누적이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.700-704
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• 2007

In the recent, increased concern has been focused on the pharmacology and clinical utility of herbal extracts and derivatives as a drug or adjunct to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here we investigated the role of the extract of Anethi Fructus in the expression of inflammatory mediators, surface molecule, and related receptors in vitro. In murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6N mice, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of secretary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and Nitric oxide (NO), and the expression level of CD14, LPS co-receptor and CD86, co-stimulatory molecule compared to negative natural extract ex vivo. The water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-g from splenocytes. Also, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased ConA-induced cell proliferation. These results suggest that water extract of Anethi Fructus may enhance the immune response through immune modulation of macrophage and lymphocytes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2014

Peripheral neuropathy induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy is not only difficult to distinguish in clinical practice, but also difficult to relieve the pain symptoms by analgesics because of the severity of the disease at the later stage. Hence, to explore the mechanisms of HIV-related neuropathy and find new therapeutic options are particularly important for relieving neuropathic pain symptoms of the patients. In the present study, primary cultured embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used to determine the neurotoxic effects of HIV-gp120 protein and/or antiretroviral drug dideoxycytidine (ddC) and the therapeutic actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on gp120- or ddC-induced neurotoxicity. DRG neurons were exposed to gp120 (500 pmol/L), ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), gp120 (500 pmol/L) plus ddC ($50{\mu}mol/L$) plus IGF-1 (20 nmol/L), respectively, for 72 hours. The results showed that gp120 and/or ddC caused neurotoxicity of primary cultured DRG neurons. Interestingly, the severity of neurotoxicity induced by gp120 and ddC was different in different subpopulation of DRG neurons. gp120 mainly affected large diameter DRG neurons (> $25{\mu}m$), whereas ddC mainly affected small diameter DRG neurons (${\leq}25{\mu}m$). IGF-1 could reverse the neurotoxicity induced by gp120 and/or ddC on small, but not large, DRG neurons. These data provide new insights in elucidating the pathogenesis of HIV infection- or antiretroviral therapy-related peripheral neuropathy and facilitating the development of novel treatment strategies.