• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.246-256
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• 2011

Purpose: With the decrease in available clinical sites, a decrease in adequately prepared clinical faculty, and demand to prepare health care students to begin work, we need alternative methods to teach clinical skills for health care professionals. The use of simulation as an educational process that can replicate clinical practices is becoming popular in nursing. Therefore, this study was conducted to review directions of simulation-based learning in nursing education. Methods: A systematic review of quantitative studies was undertaken using Medline, KERIS, and KISS. The primary search terms were simulation and nursing. Reference lists from relevant papers and the websites of relevant nursing organizations were also searched. Nine studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Results: All studies reported simulation as a valid teaching/learning strategy. Six of the studies (66.7%) showed that simulation technology was a practical and successful model to use in teaching a variety of clinical skills for nursing students and nurses. Conclusion: Simulation may have some advantages over other teaching methods, depending on the scenario, context, topic, and method. Further study is needed to determine the effect of team size on learning and to develop a universal method of outcome measurement.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The present study was designed to examine the clinical fit of fixed dental prosthesis fabricated by the milling-sintering method using a presintered cobalt-chromium alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two single metal-ceramic crowns were fabricated via milling-sintering method and casting method in each of the twelve consecutive patients who required an implant-supported fixed prosthesis. In the milling-sintering method, the prosthetic coping was designed in computer software, and the design was converted to a non-precious alloy coping using milling and post-sintering process. In the casting method, the conventional manual fabrication process was applied. The absolute marginal discrepancy of the prostheses was evaluated intraorally using the triple-scan technique. Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Eight patients (66.7%) showed a lower marginal discrepancy of the prostheses made using the milling-sintering method than that of the prosthesis made by the casting method. Statistically, the misfit of the prosthesis fabricated using the milling-sintering method was not significantly different from that fabricated using the casting method (P=.782). There was no tendency between the amount of marginal discrepancy and the measurement point. CONCLUSION. The overall marginal fit of prosthesis fabricated by milling-sintering using a presintered alloy was comparable to that of the prosthesis fabricated by the conventional casting method in clinical use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1447-1452
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• 2012

Aim: To evaluate the differential diagnostic potential of lesion stiffness assessed by the sonoelastographic strain index ratio (SR) and elastographic color scoring system (UE) for breast lesions. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty two breast masses (158 benign and 184 malignant) from 325 consecutive patients (mean age 44.2 years; range 16-81)who had been scheduled for a sonographically guided core biopsy were examined proposed by Itoh et al, with scoring 1-3=benign and 4-5=malignant. Strain and area ratios of each lesion were calculated within the same machine. Histological diagnosis was used as the reference standard. The area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off point were obtained by receiver operating curve and the cross table Fischer Test was carried out for assessing diagnostic value. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy and false-discovery rates were compared. Results: The mean strain ratios for benign and malignant lesions were 1.87 and 7.9 respectively. (P<0.0001). When a cutoff point of 3.54 was used, SR had a sensitivity of 94.6%, a specificity 94.3%, a PPV of 95.1%, an NPV of 93.7% and an accuracy of 94.4%. The AUC values were 0.90 for the 5 point scoring system (UE) and 0.96 for the strain index ratio. The overall diagnostic performance was SR method was better (P<0.05). Conclusions: Strain ratio measurement could be another effective predictor in elastography imaging besides 5 the point scoring system for differential diagnosis of breast lesions.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2005

Individual clinical significance of each layer of CCA (common carotid artery) has not been well studied. We intended to measure the intima thickness (IT), media thickness (MT), and intima-media thickness (IMT) of CCA separately and tried to analyze the clinical significance. One hundred fifty one consecutive patients (mean age: $57{\pm}15$ years; 77 males, 74 females) underwent CCA scanning using high-resolution ultrasound. The images were off-line analyzed using B-mode ultrasound image processing, devised for individual measurement of IT and MT as well as IMT. The mean coefficients of variation of new method measuring IT, MT, and IMT separately were 0.16% for IMT and 0.21% for both IT and MT. The IT (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.01) as well as IMT (p < 0.001) of patients with atherosclerotic disease were significantly thicker than that of the patients without atherosclerotic disease. Patients with hypertension showed significantly thicker IT (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.001), and IMT (p < 0.001) than that of the patients without hypertension. However, only IT was thicker in patients with smoking (p<0.01) than that of the patients without smoking.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in subtalar joint range of motion (ROM) when using different measurement methods, and to determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of goniometry as used in clinical setting. Methods: Subjects were thirty-one healthy males and females (sixty-two ankles) living in Korea. Three raters with different clinical experiences measured inversion and eversion range of motion of the subtalar joint two times. Measurements were done with subjects prone (open kinetic chain) and standing (closed kinetic chain). Rater and measurement methods were based on analyzing differences in range of motion. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to determine intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Results: Mean subtalar jont range of motion for inversion ranged from $9.31^{\circ}$ to $11.94^{\circ}$ for eversion, it ranged from $6.73^{\circ}$ to $9.20^{\circ}$. The differences in ROM between raters and between measurement methods were significant (p<0.01). The ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from $0.02^{\circ}$ to $0.20^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.23^{\circ}$ to $0.39^{\circ}$ for eversion. Intrarater reliability ranged from $0.32^{\circ}$ to $0.78^{\circ}$ for inversion and from $0.45^{\circ}$ to $0.73^{\circ}$ for eversion. Conclusion: Subtalar joint inversion and eversion ROM show differences for measurement methods low reliability between different raters, and low to high intra-rater reliability within sessions.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2002

각막의 생리와 형태는 안 굴절에 영향을 미친다. 그래서 케라토메터에 의한 전방 각막 표면의 측정은 안경사, 검안사 그리고 안과의사에 의해 안경과 콘택트렌즈의 처방에 사용된다. 더욱이 현재 대게 각막 지도 체제는 임상 안경원, 안굴절 센타, 그리고 안과병원에서 사용되어진다. 왜냐하면 이 방법은 이전 도구에 비해서 매우 좋은 자료를 가진다. 저자들은 각막 지도 방법에 의해 남자 대학생들의 각막을 측정하였다. 더욱이 이 자료들은 콘택트렌즈를 위한 임상 실제에서 응용되어질 것이다. 특히 한국에서 많은 남자 대학생들은 시력과 미용을 위해 콘택트렌즈 사용을 한다. 따라서 콘택트렌즈 착용자들은 매년 증가되고 있다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

In ultrasonic bone densitometry, the positioning of measurement site is decisive in precision and reproducibility. In this study, automatic Region of Interest (ROI) detection algorithm is suggested and adopted the method using the local minimum value by ultrasonic image. The preprocess before the local minimum method extracts out the bone area and calculates the geometrical information of bone. The developed ROI detection algorithm was applied to the clinical test for the subject of 305 female patients in the range of 22-88 years old. As the results, the accuracy of the algorithm was shown to be 98.3％. It was also found that bone density parameter was significantly correlated with age(r=0.85, p<0.0001).

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2018

Background: Lipemia, a significant source of analytical errors in clinical laboratory settings, should be removed prior to measuring biochemical parameters. We investigated whether lipemia in serum/plasma samples can be removed using a method that is easier and more practicable than ultracentrifugation, the current reference method. Methods: Seven hospital laboratories in Spain participated in this study. We first compared the effectiveness of ultracentrifugation ($108,200{\times}g$) and high-speed centrifugation ($10,000{\times}g$ for 15 minutes) in removing lipemia. Second, we compared high-speed centrifugation with two liquid-liquid extraction methods-LipoClear (StatSpin, Norwood, USA), and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). We assessed 14 biochemical parameters: serum/plasma concentrations of sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion, glucose, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate-aminotransferase, calcium, and bilirubin. We analyzed whether the differences between lipemia removal methods exceeded the limit for clinically significant interference (LCSI). Results: When ultracentrifugation and high-speed centrifugation were compared, no parameter had a difference that exceeded the LCSI. When high-speed centrifugation was compared with the two liquid-liquid extraction methods, we found differences exceeding the LCSI in protein, calcium, and aspartate aminotransferase in the comparison with 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and in protein, albumin, and calcium in the comparison with LipoClear. Differences in other parameters did not exceed the LCSI. Conclusions: High-speed centrifugation ($10,000{\times}g$ for 15 minutes) can be used instead of ultracentrifugation to remove lipemia in serum/plasma samples. LipoClear and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane are unsuitable as they interfere with the measurement of certain parameters.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2006

The acoustic field analysis method is the superior calibration method for rectifying the ultrasonic probe sensitivity. This method also can be applied to evaluate the probe performance in clinical fields without numerical analysis and precise measurements. In this paper, we propose the method of acoustic field pattern analysis with probe channel division for the evaluation of diagnostic ultrasound probe characterization. In order to verify our purpose, we performed a set of experiments. We measured the acoustic-field pattern of the three inferiority probes by channel division to evaluate an acoustic field distribution and impulse response characteristics. By comparing the results of acoustic field measurement method with that of conventional method such as impulse response and live image test for linear array probes, it is demonstrated that the ultrasound field measurement method is more effective then conventional method in detection of defective elements.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2009

The CA(carbohydrate antigen)19-9 is complex protein that can be used as an important marker which aids the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various pancreaticobiliary tumors. However, it was also reported that there were some CA19-9 positive patients with benign disease as using RIA method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum level of CA19-9 with RIA(radioimmuno assay), CIA(chemiluminescence immuno assay), and conventional liver function tests. The correlation between CIA and RIA in CA19-9 of pancreatobiliary disease was 0.9833(P<0.01). Also, the correlations between CIA and RIA in CA19-9 of benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary tumor patients was 0.8714(P<0.01) and 0.9727(P<0.01) respectively. The correlation between CA19-9 and ALP was 0.5140(P<0.01) and CEA was 0.3385(P<0.05) as using CIA. The measurement of serum CA19-9 levels by CIA method may be useful in differentiating patients with malignant disease from those with benign disease in pancreaticobiliary tumors.