• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to provide basic data to improve the maturation of career attitudes of emergency medical services students by identifying the effects of clinical practice satisfaction and career undecided level on the maturation of career attitudes of emergency medical services students who had experienced clinical practice. Methods: From May 1 to July 31, 2023, data were collected using a structured questionnaire from third and fourth year students who were enrolled in the department of paramedicine a university in City D and had experienced clinical practice. Results: The results showed that clinical practice satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with career attitude maturity (r=.382, p<.001) and negatively correlated with career indecision (r=.241, p=.002). The influencing factor of career attitude maturity was clinical practice satisfaction (β=.314, p<.001), with an explanatory power of 16%. Conclusion: It was confirmed that the influencing factor of career attitude maturity was clinical practice satisfaction, and the need to find ways to improve clinical practice satisfaction and develop customized education and practice programs for each institution to improve career attitude maturity of emergency rescue students was confirmed. Therefore, it is necessary to find specific ways to improve clinical practice satisfaction and develop customized educational practice programs for each institution.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2024

Introduction: The importance of clinical skills training in traditional Korean medicine education is increasingly emphasized. Since the clinical skills tests are high-stakes tests that determine success in national licensing exams, it is essential to develop reliable multifaceted analysis methods for clinical skills tests in actual education settings. In this study, we applied the multifaceted validity evaluation methods to the evaluation results of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation module to confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the methods. Methods: In this study, we used internal consistency, factor analysis, generalizability theory G-study and D-study, ANOVA, Kendall's tau, descriptive statistics, and other statistical methods to analyze the multidimensional validity of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation test in clinical education settings over the past three years. Results: The factor analysis and internal consistency analysis showed that the evaluation rubric had an unstable structure and low concordance. The G-study showed that the error of the clinical skills assessment was large due to the evaluator and unexpected errors. The D-study showed that the variance error of the evaluator should be significantly reduced to validate the evaluation. The ANOVA and Kendall's tau confirmed that evaluator heterogeneity was a problem. Discussion and Conclusion: Clinical skills tests should be continuously evaluated and managed for validity in two steps of pre-production and actual implementation. This study has presented specific methods for analyzing the validity of clinical skills training and testing in actual education settings. This study would contribute to the foundation for competency-based evidence-based education in practical clinical training.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.287-302
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• 2000

The purpose of the study are to examine the perception of the importance and performance of patient education of the clinical nurse and find out the interfering factors in practicing patient education. The data were collected from convenient sample of 256 clinical nurses working in the nursing units of adult patients except the psychiatric unit, obstetric unit, dental surgical unit and intensive care unit of one University Hospital in Seoul from September 29 to October 2, 1998. Three measurement tools of self-report- questionnaires developed by researcher used. For the content validity of the questionnaires, two sessions of panel discussion and a pilot test were done and finally factor analysis was done with Varimax method. Analysis of data was done with SAS program using frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, t-test and ANOVA. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The surveyed nurses perceived the importance of patient education at higher level with mean score of 4.08 among 5 point than their perception of practice( mean score : 3.42). 2. There was positive significant correlation(r=.29, p=0.0001)between nurses' perception of the importance of patient education and it's practice 3. Among the teaching contents for patients, 'information of diagnostic procedure and operation' and 'orientation of hospitalization' were perceived most important. And 'preparation for discharge' and 'understanding of disease and health promotion' were perceived least important 4. Among the teaching contents for patients, 'orientation of hospitalization' and 'information of diagnostic procedure and operation' were perceived highly performable. And 'understanding of disease and health promotion' and 'preparation for discharge' were perceived least performable. 5. Three types of interfering factors were identified as patient-factor, situational factor, nurse-factor. The mean degree of impediment with the interfering factors was at average level(3.09 among 5). The patient and situational factors of impediments were more interfering than nurse- factor for teaching patients. 6. In older age(p<.05), married state (p<.05), higher educational status (p<.01), higher clinical experience (p<.01) and higher position(p<.01), the score of perceived importance of patients education was more high. 7. In older age(p<.01), higher clinical experience(p<.001) and surgical unit (p<.01), the score of perceived performance of patients education was more high. In conclusion, in order to activate patient education practice in the clinical setting, the continuing education for patients education should be more emphasized and the effective teaching methods and materials should be developed to help patient teaching. And an organizational support such as budgeting for patient education and reimbursement system should be administrated.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1652-1657
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• 2011

The production of blood cells is regulated by more than 20 different growth factors, called hematopoitic growth factors. These factors have been produced in prokaryotic and mammalian systems for their clinical use. Glranulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is an important therapeutic factor for cancer patients as well as patients with congenital conditions. These patients do not have enough neutrophils and have a high risk of infection. Two groups of recombinant G-CSF have been used to specially treat cancer patients after chemotherapy because chemotherapy induces neutropenia, a major side effect of chemotherapy drugs. Here, structural and biological characteristics of G-CSF are presented. In addition, the relationship between chemotherapy and neutropenia, which is a severe reduction of neutrophils in the blood, and clinical application of G-CSF is discussed. Recombinant G-CSFs are grouped in two forms. Non-glycosylated G-CSF, filgrastim, is produced in Escherichia coli and glycosylated G-CSF, lenograstim, is produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Differences in structure and biological activity are compared and challenges for biosimilar production are also highlighted.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.40-42
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• 2015

Purpose Usability is an important factor in our life. This paper presents an approach to design the clinical work-flow for ultrasound system. And, we tried to apply this work-flow in diagnosis ultrasound system. Materials and Methods For user learnability, we follow international standard IEC 60601-1-1 and IEC 62366 which describes usability of medical instrument. User requirement are applied by 10 clinicians who are well aware of usability. We considered user environment and designed clinical work-flow into two types: general use and emergency use. The designed clinical work-flow was evaluated by 10 clinicians and results derived from the evaluation were analyzed. Results We could successfully design optimized clinical workflow of ultrasound system. Conclusion This paper suggests usability testing for optimized ultrasound clinical workflow. Using this clinical work flow, users can enhance their clinical performance and reduce operation time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze emotional labor factors influencing job satisfaction, intent to leave, and nursing performance of clinical nurses. Method: The participants were 384 clinical nurses working in a hospital. Study design was cross sectional survey. Subcategories of emotional labor (frequency of emotional labor, attentiveness of emotional display, mismatch of emotions) of emotional labor were dependent variables. Job satisfaction, intent to leave, and nursing performance were independent variables. Data were analyzed by hierarchial multiple regression. Results: The strength of emotional labor of nurses was similar for all participants in spite of differences in age, position, and clinical career. Total score for emotional labor was 3.21, frequency of emotional labor 3.34, attentiveness of emotional display 3.41, and mismatch of emotions 2.87. Mismatch of emotions influenced job satisfaction (F=12.53, p<.001) $R^2$ 27%, intent to leave (F=8.51, p<.001) $R^2$ 19%, and nursing performance (F=5.80, p<.001) $R^2$ 15%, Conclusion: These findings indicate that the factor (mismatch of emotion) is an important variable for clinical nurses in human resource management. Therefore, nurse managers should consider this factor for the improvement of organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to clinical nurses' nursing intention for high risk pathogen infected patient. Methods: The participants were 230 clinical nurses from four university hospitals which located in B and D metropolitan cities. Data were collected from September 14 to 25 in 2015 and were analyzed using a hierarchical regression. Results: The mean of nursing intention score for high risk pathogen infected patient for the participants was $110.62{\pm}12.68$ (range 36~180). The most influential factor for nursing intention was professional self concept of nurses (${\beta}=.321$), and organizational group culture (${\beta}=.166$) was the next influential factor. The level of education and working department were also statistically significant contributors. Conclusion: It is necessary to increase clinical nurses' nursing intention for high risk pathogen infected patient to improve professional self concept of nurses and organizational group culture.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric for use with Korean nursing students. Methods: A methodological study was used to validate the rubric developed by Lasater to assess clinical judgment during nursing simulation. Participants were 34 nursing students at K University in Seoul. Between February and May, 2012, analysis was done of 91 video clips recording performance during simulation. Results: Findings showed reliability and validity of the rubric. For internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ score was .884 and intraclass correlation coefficient was .839, which established reliability. The rubric was validated using the exploratory factor analysis and content validity. The content validity score was 83%, establishing the appropriateness and readiness of the tool. Factor analysis showed that noticing, responding, and reflecting domains had Eigen values of 2.669, 1.991, and 2.912, respectively and were bound, but unlike the original tool in which four factors noticing, interpretation, responding, and reflecting domains were bound. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that the rubric shows acceptable reliability and validity in Korean nursing students. This evaluation tool for nursing simulation allows nursing faculty to objectively evaluate students' clinical judgment as well as students to reflect on their clinical judgment process during simulation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare nursing professionalism between diploma students and bachelor students and to identify differences in factors affecting nursing professionalism according to nursing educational system. Methods: The participants were 462 nursing students who had completed all clinical practicum courses. Of these students, 255 were from one of 2 diploma degree colleges and 207 were from one of 3 bachelor degree universities. Collected data included general characteristics, professionalism, nursing image, self-efficacy, satisfaction with nursing as a major, and satisfaction with clinical practice. Results: Age, religion, grade point average, motivation for admission, nursing professionalism and satisfaction with clinical practice were significantly different between diploma and bachelor students. Image of nurse, satisfaction with nursing as a major and satisfaction with clinical practice were common factors influencing nursing professionalism in both groups. Self-efficacy was a significant factor only for diploma degree students and religion was a significant factor only for bachelor degree students. Conclusion: For more positive nursing professionalism by students, more attention should be paid to enhancing positive nurse images, satisfaction with nursing as a major and satisfaction with clinical practice during the students' period of study.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate whether the degree of post-warming embryo or blastocyst development is associated with clinical pregnancy in vitrified embryo or blastocyst transfer cycles. Methods: Ninety-six vitrified cleavage-stage embryos and 58 vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles were selected. All transfer cycles were performed from February 2011 to March 2019, and all vitrified embryos or blastocysts were warmed from 4 PM to 6 PM and then transferred the next morning from 9 AM to 10 AM. The scores of the cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts were assessed at warming and at transfer using the modified Steer method and the Gardner method, respectively. The mean embryo or blastocyst score, score of the single top-quality embryo or blastocyst, and the difference in the score between warming and transfer were compared between nonpregnant and pregnant women. Results: In the cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles, both the top-quality embryo score at transfer and the difference in the score between warming and transfer were significantly associated with clinical pregnancy. A top-quality embryo score at transfer of ≥ 60.0 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.673; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.531-0.815) and a difference in the score between warming and transfer of ≥ 23.0 (AUC, 0.675; 95% CI, 0.514-0.835) were significant predictors of clinical pregnancy. In blastocyst transfer cycles, the top-quality blastocyst score at transfer was the only significant factor associated with clinical pregnancy. A top-quality blastocyst score at transfer of ≥ 38.3 was a significant predictor of clinical pregnancy (AUC, 0.666; 95% CI, 0.525-0.807). Conclusion: The top-quality embryo score at transfer and the degree of post-warming embryo development were associated with clinical pregnancy in vitrified cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles. In vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles, the top-quality blastocyst score at transfer was the only significant factor affecting clinical pregnancy.