• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2013

This in vivo study via ASTM E2752-10, cup scrub method, was performed to evaluated the residual effectiveness of PCMX and IPMP commonly used in antibacterial soap. The liquid soap having 5% of PCMX and 0.1% of IPMP showed statistically significant reduction of E. coli and S. aurues as compared with control in a trial of 80 healthy volunteers. And its efficacy was maintained for 27 h at least. We report the result of residual effectiveness of antibacterial agents for the first time in Korea.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1063-1080
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• 2019

Objectives: With the aging of the population, the incidence of a variety of diseases is increasing. Cerebrovascular disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide and therefore requires timely treatment and management. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of herbal medicines in treating cerebrovascular disease by screening the most frequently prescribed herbal medicines and analyzing the clinical data of patients with cerebrovascular disease taking these medicines. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the electronic medical records of patients with cerebrovascular disease who received herbal medication at the Pusan National University Korean Medical Hospital from 10 March 2010 to 31 March 2017. The inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, use of frequently prescribed herbal medicines, available records of laboratory tests and functional evaluation that was conducted within two weeks before and after admission and discharge, and herbal medicine usage exceeding half the period of hospitalization. Results: Of the total patients with cerebrovascular disease, the number of patients analyzed in this study was 49. There were some changes in the various variables examined after frequently used herbal medicines had been taken, such as complete blood count, liver function test, lipid test, and functional evaluation. No serious adverse events related to herbal medicine were found in this study. Conclusions: We concluded that herbal medicines frequently used for cerebrovascular disease may have some clinical effectiveness. However, because of the retrospective nature of this study and only one hospital involved, the generalizability of our findings is limited.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.214-226
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review clinical studies of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD) in women. Methods: Key words "Dyspareunia", "Vaginismus" were searched on Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) on April 21th 2019. Results: 2 case reports and 7 clinical trials were collected in accordance with the selection and exclusion criteria. Among the 7 trials, 4 were controlled trials, and 3 were single-arm trials. The types of intervention were herb medication in 8 studies, and compound TCM treatment including acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping therapy in 1 study. All 4 controlled trials were about dyspareunia and conducted by herbal medicine of TCM. The study results and methods of intervention were analyzed. Conclusions: 2 case reports described the effectiveness of compound TCM treatments (acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy) and herb medicine in dyspareunia. In 4 controlled trials, 2 trials described the effectiveness of herb medicine (oral or vaginal agent) compared to western treatment in dyspareunia, and other 2 trials described no effectiveness of herbal enema compared to danazol. In 3 single-arm trials, 1 trial of dyspareunia and 2 trials of vaginismus described the effectiveness of herb medicine. All the 9 selected studies reported improved or disappeared symptoms of GPPPD, or high effective rate after TCM treatment. There was limitation that the selected studies were retrieved from only one site of CNKI, and generalized results could not be derived, further studies should be carried out. Additional well-designed clinical studies on GPPPD in women are needed in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Purpose: Currently lung cancer ranks second in cancer for incidence rate and is a disease that ranks first for a death rate by cancerous growth because it is already advanced at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the factors that affect the effectiveness of and rash occurrence by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR TKI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 100 patients, who took EGFR TKI (erlotinib, gefitinib) among patients who were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in a Hospital in Korea between May 2005 and February 2008, was conducted. The drug effectiveness was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor. Results: EGFR mutation was the only factor associated with drug response (complete response and partial response). When stable disease was added to drug response as the evaluation parameter, ECOG and rash as well as EGFR mutation were found to be important factors. Survival, however, was not affected by EGFR mutation. The factors influenced on survival were older age (${\geq}65$), low ECOG ($1{\sim}2$), adenocarcinoma and rash. In the case of rash, group with EGFR mutation or low ECOG showed significantly higher chance of occurrence. There was no significant difference in rash occurrence between gefitinib and erlotinib groups. Conclusions: Based on the results, EGFR mutation positive and low ECOG ($1{\sim}2$) were significantly important factors for both effectiveness of EGFR TKI and rash occurrence. Also, rash itself was found to be an independently significant factor for the disease control and survival. Therefore, while administering EGFR TKI, patients who have the factors associated with rash occurrence should be closely monitored for effective and safe drug therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.183-198
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• 1998

This study was done in order to present clinical trial method for safety of herb-acupuncture. The results were summerized as follow: In case of western medicine, clinical trial divides into four phase 1. Phase I: Investigate safety and drug movement for health people. 2. The first phase II: Investigate safety, effectiveness for the limited patient. The late phase II: Investigate propriety of an applicable disease, the way to use and dose. 3. Phase III: Through the comparative, public trial, investigate a final, applicable disease and side effect. 4. Phase IV: After NDA, investigate safety and effectiveness for the wide patients. In case of herb-acupuncture, we have to investigate the following for safety and effectiveness 1. Drug dose: Decide with 1/2 or 1/3 of oral dosage or a basis of animal's of maximum dosage or a ratio of man and animal. 2. Toxicity: Examine blood, urine, liver function, EKG, after herb-acupuncture during acertain period of time. 3. Regional response: Estimate response of swelling, redness, pruritus. etc 4. Treatment effectiveness: After exactly diagnosis, estimate effectiveness with a objective guide post.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-358
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• 2018

Objectives: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mortality or serious cardiovascular events over a long period of time is not clearly understood. The aim of this observational study was to estimate the clinical effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on an outcome variable combining mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cerebrovascular insult (CVI) during a follow-up period of 15.5 years ($186{\pm}58$ months). Methods: The data set consisted of 978 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5.0$. One-third had used CPAP treatment. For the first time, a data-driven causal Bayesian network (DDBN) and a hypothesis-driven causal Bayesian network (HDBN) were used to investigate the effectiveness of CPAP. Results: In the DDBN, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and diuretic use were directly associated with the outcome variable. Sleep apnea parameters and CPAP treatment had no direct association with the outcome variable. In the HDBN, CPAP treatment showed an average improvement of 5.3 percentage points in the outcome. The greatest improvement was seen in patients aged ${\leq}55$ years. The effect of CPAP treatment was weaker in older patients (>55 years) and in patients with CHD. In CHF patients, CPAP treatment was associated with an increased risk of mortality, AMI, or CVI. Conclusions: The effectiveness of CPAP is modest in younger patients. Long-term effectiveness is limited in older patients and in patients with heart disease (CHD or CHF).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of Ikgibohyeol-tang(Yìqìbǔxuè-tāng) granules and Deer antler granules on fatigue symptoms. Methods: This is a 39-patient case series from a retrospective chart review of outpatients who were treated with Ikgibohyeol-tang granules and Deer antler granules at a Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital (Seoul) between 1st, January 2015 to 1st, August 2021. We reviewed the patients who complained of fatigue and analyzed changes in the degree of discomfort with fatigue and accompanying symptoms and HRV (Heart Rate Variability) score before and after treatment. Results: After taking Ikgibohyeol-tang granules and Deer antler granules, the degree of discomfort with fatigue and accompanying symptoms decreased significantly compared to before taking them. After treatment, Autonomic nervous system activity, Stress resistance, Heart Stability increased, and Stress index, Degree of fatigue decreased significantly. Conclusions: This study showed subjective symptoms and objective indicator (HRV score) were improved by taking Ikgibohyeol-tang granules and Deer antler granules.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

In the previous review, the physical aspect of heavy particles, with a focus on the carbon beam was introduced. Particle beam therapy has many potential advantages for cancer treatment without increasing severe side effects in normal tissue, these kinds of radiation have different biologic characteristics and have advantages over using conventional photon beam radiation during treatment. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is used for many biological, clinical endpoints among different radiation types and is the only convenient way to transfer the clinical experience in radiotherapy with photons to another type of radiation therapy. However, the RBE varies dependent on the energy of the beam, the fractionation, cell types, oxygenation status, and the biological endpoint studied. Thus this review describes the concerns about RBE related to particle beam to increase interests of the Korean radiation oncologists' society.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2010

This study was conducted to analyze cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer in Korean healthcare setting. We constructed a decision analytical model to estimate total costs and outcomes of paclitaxel+cisplatin (PC) or docetaxel+cisplatin+5-FU (DCF) for 2 years time horizon in 100 patient cohort with locally advanced head and neck cancer. Base analysis showed that cost savings of PC regimen were 379 million Korean Won and 231 million Korean Won in societal and payer's perspectives, respectively, compared to DCF regimen, and life saved was 0.18. PC regimen as a dominant strategy was found to be robust through sensitivity analyses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) package, test its application and evaluate students' recognition of the effectiveness of PBL in nursing colleges. Method: Thirteen steps were used in the process developing the PBL package. After its application, the first questionnaire for self-evaluation and satisfaction with PBL class was given to 94 nursing students in December, 2005. To further evaluate the students' recognition of the effectiveness of PBL, a second questionnaire was given to 83 nursing students out of the 96 in May, 2007 after clinical practice. Data analysis was conducted using means with standard deviation. Results: The results of students' self-evaluation showed high achievement in learning outcome and process using the PBL method. Also, they expressed satisfaction with the subject management, the lecturer and their peers after the PBL class. Students recognized that the PBL class had positive effectiveness in clinical practice and wanted more PBL classes and the inclusion of complex cases from well designed packages. Conclusion: PBL class could be considered as an opportunity to fortify student nurses' abilities to adjust to the real clinical situation.