• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2006

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to build up guidelines for preventing constipation in the Korean elderly based on the National Guideline $Clearinghouse^{TM}$ Guideline. Method: The process is composed of four steps: first. the composition of an expert group; second, the evaluation by the expert group about the appropriateness and applicability of each recommendation in the guideline; third, systematic literature review for evidence searching; and fourth. the formation of guidelines for Preventing constipation in the Korean elderly according to experts' opinions and literature review. Result: The appropriateness and applicability of each recommendation showed high scores, but the score of applicability was lower than that of appropriateness. The reasons for lower score of applicability were lack of cognition on the importance of constipation management and lack of recent information and evidence-based knowledge on constipation. There were some inadequate recommendations in Korean clinical setting. So the modified and replaced recommendations were added to the guidelines for preventing constipation in the old adult population to improve the applicability in Korea. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as fundamental baseline data for future study to develope guidelines for management of constipation in the elderly and will be adapted locally for Korean clinical setting.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1215-1223
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is to figure out not only the characteristics relating to transfer time of inter-hospital transfer patient which is transferred by a private ambulance, but also factors influencing the transfer time. Methods: In this study, an analysis of 750 patients with high severity levels among those transferred to another hospital by a private ambulance in Busan for whole year of 2017. Results: The results showed that the following factors significantly influence the total inter-hospital transfer time: Ambulance crew (${\beta}=10.525$, p=.001) and patient and carer (${\beta}=37.606$, p<.001) when setting a doctor (selecting a medical institution) as a criterion; availability of the specialized care (${\beta}=12.435$, p=.008) when setting the near distance (reason for selecting a hospital for transfer) as a criterion. The explanatory power of this analysis was R2=0.423, whereas the explanatory power of calibration was R2=0.411. Conclusions: Factors that increase the total inter-hospital transfer time were the ambulance crew, and patient and carer's selecting a medical institution, and the reason for selecting a hospital where enables to offer the specialized care services.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2021

An uncertified facility is a facility not certified, as defined in the Biological Agents and Toxins Act (BATA) in Singapore, but has met the requirements of the Ministry of Health to possess First and Fifth Schedule biological agents and toxins. This type of facility is also known as a Biosafety Level 2 Plus (BSL 2+) facility. Registration as an uncertified facility or a BSL 2+ facility requires a certain process and procedure to be sought with the Biosafety Branch of the ministry. This review, shares first-hand knowledge on the journey to achieving registration of the authors' facility. The procedure involved considerable preparation, setting up facility requirements, biosafety precautions, procedures and practices, and training and competence of laboratory users. The ministry conducted a thorough onsite facility audit to ensure that the facility requirements and biosafety procedures and practices were in place. It then issued an approval letter of possession for the first-time use of biological agents and registered the laboratory as an uncertified facility. The expectation is that the comprehensive information shared may be of great benefit to other facilities with similar interests.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.338-348
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine correlations between nurses' self-leadership and individual work role performance and correlations between self-leadership in nursing units and team members' work role performance. Methods: Participants were 202 conveniently selected general nurses from 5 general hospitals in Korea. The study was carried out on 35 nursing units. Data were collected during February 2015 with self-report questionnaires. Results: For factors affecting individual work role performance, self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, clinical career in the present nursing unit and marital status accounted for 44.0% of proficiency, while self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, and marital status accounted for 42.3% of adaptivity. Self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thought, self-reward, clinical career in the present nursing unit and position accounted for 26.4% of proactivity. In terms of team members' work role performance, self-reward and self-expectation in nursing units explained 29.0% of team members' proficiency. Self-reward and self-expectation in nursing units explained 31.6% of team members' adaptivity, and self-reward in nursing units explained 16.8% of team members' proactivity. Conclusion: The results confirm that nurses' self-leadership affects not only individual self-leadership but also team members' work role performance. Accordingly, to improve nurses' work role performance in nursing units of nursing organizations, improvement in nursing environment based on self-leadership education is necessary and nurses' tasks rearranged so they can appreciate work-autonomy and challenges of work.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

In this study, by analyzing the examination time for each procedure, the appropriate workload of radiologic technologist is analyzed based on the actual examination time in the current clinical setting by comparing with the examination time in the radiology field setting of the health insurance review and assessment service. In addition, this result is introduced into the calculation of relate value units; it was attempted to provide accurate and objective evidence in the field of radiology. From May 2020 to December 2021, the study retrospectively investigated the examination times recorded in the electronic medical record and picture archiving and communication system at 5 tertiary general hospitals and 1 general hospital. The total of 16 examination parts are applied in this study, including the head, sinuses, chest, ribs, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, femur, knee, and ankle. The minimum number of images that could be obtained per radiation generator was 3.6 images for one hour, and the maximum was 6.4 images. When 50% median of procedure time is calculated, the minimum number of images that could be obtained was 16.7 images and maximum was 35.3 images; in addition, minimum examination time is 1.7 minutes, and maximum time is 3.6 minutes. In conclusion, it is judged that there will be insufficient explanation time for basic infection instructions such as hand hygiene during the examinations in current clinical practice. It is believed that radiologic technologists will contribute to providing higher-quality of radiation examination services to the public by complying with guidelines for work and setting appropriate workload on their own.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2005

The study to identify the relationship among stress associated with clinical experience, coping strategies and self-esteem in nursing students and to provide basic information which is useful for nursing students' learning experience in clinical setting were surveyed using self-reported questionnaires. The findings were summarized : 1. Senior students showed a higher level of stress than junior students. A higher stress level was observed in the unsatisfied group, compared with the neutral group. By class and clinical schedule, students who followed the 3-week class and 3-week clinical schedule showed a higher level of stress than those who followed the 8-week class and 8-week clinical schedule. 2. Senior students had a higher mean coping strategy score than junior students. And the satisfied group showed higher self-esteem, compared with the neutral and unsatisfied group. 3. There was a positive correlation between stress associated with clinical learning experience and coping strategies. But a negative correlation was seen between stress and self-esteem in nursing students. 4. Nursing students used more coping mechanisms as their stress levels increased but showed low self-esteem. The results suggest the need for developing more effective teaching methods and strategies that could improve students' ability to solve problems and sustain their self-esteem even under a stressful circumstance.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effectiveness of fundamental nursing practices in clinical settings. Method: This study adopted the triangulation method. Using one group pre-post test design, this study identified differences in self efficacy between pre and post clinical practice. The study was also designed to describe the nursing student's experience of clinical practice by using content analysis Results: 1) All students experienced bedmaking, BST check, V/C check, positioning, transferring, assisting with moving and positioning, and ROM. Sixty percent of students experienced giving oral care, and forty percent experienced shampooing patient's hair. 2) While the mean score of self efficacy was 3.88 in the pre-test, it decreased to 3.76 in the post-test. They were statistically different from each other. 3) Seven categories were elicited from the result of content analysis on the nursing student's experience, which were 'ignorant stranger', 'facing the gap between theory and practice', 'resolving the uncertainty of clinical setting', 'getting used to fundamental nursing practice', 'motivated by a desire to study and self-development', 'understanding the nursing profession's job', and 'being helpful for the future career'. Conclusion: Fundamental nursing practice in clinical settings is a useful strategy that improves fundamental nursing skills and motivates student's self-development.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2014

Objectives : The results from randomized controlled trials on traditional medicine have been negative or ambiguous. The appropriateness of the research methodology started to be questioned. However, the research methodology appropriate for studying traditional medicine has not been well-established. This study aims to explore the appropriate research methodologies for clinical studies on acupuncture. Methods : Clinical researches evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture for back pain were systematically searched and evaluated focusing on research methodology. The acupuncture treatment protocol is evaluated by 9 items which is individual treatment based on diagnosis, combining proximal and distal acupoints, exact location of acupoint, De Qi, adequate stimulation, duration of acupuncture, treatment sessions, treatment interval, and establishing relationship between patients and doctors. Results : Systematic review of acupuncture researches on low back pain suggested that observational studies and pragmatic trials rather than explanatory studies could incorporate these elements. Qualitative studies also could help understanding complex characteristics of acupuncture treatment which could not be evaluated by quantitative studies. Conclusions : In designing clinical researches on acupuncture, various study designs, especially observational study and pragmatic study, should be considered according to research objectives and subjects. The efforts to incorporate the core characteristics of acupuncture practiced in everyday clinical setting are also essential.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2016

섬망은 완화치료를 받는 말기암환자에서 흔히 나타나는 증상으로 임종기에 접어들수록 빈도는 증가한다. 섬망은 환자와 가족의 삶의 질에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라, 높은 사망률과 관련되어 있으나 실제 임상에서 의료진들이 적절히 인지하지 못하고 있다는 연구들이 보고되고 있다. 이는 우울이나 치매와 같은 정신질환과의 중복되는 특성, 섬망에 대한 평가 및 진단에 대한 지식의 부족 등이 원인으로 생각되고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해 현재까지 알려진 섬망 선별검사를 통해 섬망환자를 정확히 인지하고, 진단하는 것이 완화의료 영역에서 섬망 증상 관리에 우선되어야 할 분야로 생각된다. 섬망이 진단되었을 때는 유발요인을 확인하고 약물이나 탈수, 감염 등의 가역적인 원인에 대해서는 이를 교정하는 것이 섬망을 조절에 가장 중요한 부분이다. 이와 함께 소음을 줄이거나, 적절한 조명을 유지하는 등의 환자의 주변 환경을 안정적으로 유지하는 등의 비약물적 치료가 병행되어야 한다. 비약물적 치료로 효과가 없거나, 증상이 심한 경우에 항정신병 약물과 벤조디아제핀과 같은 진정효과가 있는 약물을 사용할 수 있으며, 현재까지는 저용량의 할로페리돌 투여가 가장 효과적인 치료 약제로 인정되고 있다. 비정형적 항정신병 약물로는 Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone 등이 있으며 현재까지 보고된 바로는 할로페리돌과 비교하여 섬망 개선 효과는 비슷하나 추체외로 증상이 드물고 진정 효과가 있어 경구 섭취가 가능한 경우 고려해 볼 수 있는 약제로 생각된다. 현재까지 완화의료 영역에서의 섬망에 사용할 수 있는 약물에 대한 연구 결과는 근거가 충분하지 않은 상태이며, 이로 인해 임상에서 활용할 수 있는 임상진료 지침 또한 부족한 상태이다. 현재까지는 중환자실, 노인 환자에서의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 한 결과를 토대로 완화의료 영역에서의 섬망 치료에 이용하였지만 추후 말기암환자에서의 섬망에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 한 임상진료지침의 개발도 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between clinical balance scales and Balance Performance Monitor parameters in patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods : Twenty AIS subjects (age, $14.26{\pm}1.93yrs$; height, $160.56{\pm}7.98cm$; weight, $47.54{\pm}6.94kg$)were participated in this study. Postural sway(mean balance, sway angle, sway area, sway path, maximal sway velocity) were were evaluated by balance performance monitor. Measurements for clinical balance scales were Functional reach test (both side), the Lateral reach test (both side) and One leg standing test (both legs). Results : The results were as follows. There were positive strong correlation between major curve direction and left-right sway angle, sway path, maximal sway velocity. There were negative strong correlation between the functional reach and left-right sway angle, sway area, sway path, maximal sway velocity. And the lateral reach were also showed negative strong correlation parameters of balance performance monitor. One leg standing were negatively correlated with left-right sway angle, sway path, maximal sway velocity. Conclusion : The clinical balance scales will be useful tools for balance measurements, and basic tools for clinical setting for patient with AIS.