• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2009

본 연구는 애반딧불이 유충의 상륙에 미치는 수온의 영향을 실내 외 조건에서 조사하였다. 실내 실험 결과에서 수온이 평균 19.3${\pm}$$0.3^{\circ}C$ 정온조건에서는 상륙 행동을 보이지 않았고, 20${\sim}$$22^{\circ}C$ 변온조건(평균 20.9${\pm}$$0.9^{\circ}C$)에서는 상륙을 시도하였지만 실제로 상륙은 이루어지지 않았다. 그러나 유충들은 평균 20.8${\pm}$$0.6^{\circ}C$ 정온조건에서는 가장 활발하게 유충의 상륙이 이루어졌다. 관찰 시점에 대한 조사는 실내 실험에서 유충의 상륙 빈도는 수온 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$에서 전체의 63.6%로 높게 나타났다. 자연 서식처 실험에서 수온 19.8${\sim}$$21.7^{\circ}C$ 구간에서 상륙이 이루어졌으며, 상륙빈도수가 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$에서 전체의 80.4%로 높게 나타났다. 서식처 실험에서는 실내 실험에서 유충의 상륙이 관찰되지 않았던 19${\sim}$$20^{\circ}C$구간에서도 유충의 상륙이 약간 관찰되었다. 실내 실험과 자연 서식처 실험의 조사일별에 대해 수온이 20${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$에서 상륙빈도가 높게 나타났다. 실내 실험에서 유충의 상륙에서 성충의 출현까지 기간은 약 18일 소요되었으며 서식지 내에서 유충의 상륙부터 성충의 최초 출현 일과 최대 개체수 출현 일 사이의 기간 동안 기록된 수온의 구간은 19.6${\sim}$$21.8^{\circ}C$이었고 수온은 평균 20.4${\pm}$$2.3^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 위의 결과를 보아 상륙에 요구되는 수온의 범위는 $20^{\circ}C$${\sim}$$21^{\circ}C$인 것으로 추정되며 가장 적정한 수온은 약 $21^{\circ}C$로 추정되었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate relations and effectiveness about mountain climbling exercise with different level of support surfaces by analyzing heart rate and EMG data. A total of 10 male college students with no musculoskeltal disorder were recruited for this study. Method: The biomechanical analysis was performed using heart rate monitor (Polar V800, Polar Electro Oy, Finland), step-box, exercise mat, and EMG device (QEMG8, Laxtha Inc. Korea, sampling frequency = 1,024 Hz, gain = 1,000, input impedance > 1012 Ω, CMRR > 100 dB). In this research, step-box were used to create different surface levels on the upper body (flat surface, 10% of subject's height, 20% of subject's height, and 30% of subject's hight). Based on these different conditions, data was collected by performing mountain climbing exercise during 30 seconds. Subjects were given 5 minutes of break to prevent muscular fatigue after each exercise. For each dependent variable, a one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to find significant differences and Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed. Results: The results of this study showed that exercise intensity was reduced statistically as increased surface level on the upper body. Muscle activity of the upper rectus abdominis and biceps femoris for 30% of surface level was significantly higher than the corresponding values for flat surface. However, the opposite was found in the rectus femoris. In general, muscle activity of the lower rectus abdominis, erector spinae, external oblique abdominis, and gluteus maximus increased when surface level increased, but the differences were not significant. Conclusion: As a result, the increase in surface level of the body would change muscle activity of the upper body, indicating that different surface level of the upper body may cause significant effect on particular muscles to be more active during mountain climbing exercise. Based on results of this study, it is suggested to set up an appropriate surface level to target particular muscle to expect an effective training. It is also important to set adequate surface levels to create an effective training condition for preventing exercise injuries.

• 복식
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.172-189
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of ambivalent consumption appeared in the purchase behavior of apparel products by the 4Ps element of marketing mix and to clarify the relation between consumption value and clothing involvement that were the antecedent variable. Among the 4Ps element of marketing mix, brand was selected in the exterior criteria of products, and fashionability was selected in the internal criteria of products. Meanwhile, it was considered that there were no objects of conflicted or ambivalent criteria in the element of promotion. Finally, brand, fashionability, price, place, etc. were selected as the elements of marketing. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 550 subjects from Jun, 8th, 2006 to Jun, 22nd, 2006; 507 were used for the data analysis. The results from data analysis were following: firstly, it was identified that ambivalent consumption showed up, as the result from measuring the individual conflicting consumption by elements. Brand was the highest in the frequency of ambivalent consumption among the elements of marketing mix, and price, place, and fashionability were followed. Secondly, by product characteristics, the frequency of ambivalent consumption of casual shirt, group II, was lower than that of mountain climbing jacket, group III, in the brand element and the price element. Thirdly, as the results from conducting factorial analysis to consumption value, it had 5 dimensions, which were practical value, distinguishable/aesthetic value, conspicuous value, social/confirmative value, and enjoyable value. Also clothing involvement was classified into 4 dimensions of emotion, fashionability, symbolic and brand involvement in the result from conducting the factorial analysis to clothing involvement. Fourthly, the mean of ambivalent consuming group by each element was highest among that of other consuming groups in all the dimensions. Fifthly, ambivalent consuming group had the highest mean among other consuming groups in all the dimension of clothing involvement, such as emotion, fashionability, and symbolic by each element of marketing mix, and it means that overall, ambivalent consuming group is highly involved in all the dimension of clothing involvement.