• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 1998

Clinical observation was done on 272 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1997. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage. and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebral infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension. and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 7. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 8 The average time to start physical therapy was 1l.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 15.2th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 9. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction. 10. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found more frequently in cerebral infarction than in hemorrhage. 11. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of ki(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. and in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing ki(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권8호
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• pp.1326-1333
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• 2016

It is important to clear the fault and prevent resulting in damage to power system. Although the frequency of generator internal fault is relatively low, it can lead to incalculable damage to power system as well as generator. Especially, loss of field on generator can cause the generator to lose synchronism for a short time if it is not removed promptly. Therefore, it is needed to conduct research on loss of field relay for detecting or clearing the loss of field. However, the setting of the relay may vary in generator operator or engineer, and the relay is not coordinated well with other elements associated with loss of field. In this paper, we address specifically the coordination of positive offset mho loss of field relay which is one of the protection schemes for loss of field. Computer simulations are performed by using ElectroMagnetic Transients Program-Restructured Version (EMTP-RV) based on actual data.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method in the case studies on warts in Korea, to identify trends in herbal medicines and herbal prescriptions according to the characteristics of individual patients and to systematically analyze concurrent therapies. Methods : Domestic databases (OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KTKP, KISS, KISTI, KISTI) were used to search for case studies related to the herbal medicine treatment of warts. There was no restriction on the time of publication. A total of 9 papers were selected. Results : A total of 13 prescriptions were presented 23 times in 18 cases. Among them, bojungikgi-tang gamibang(補中益氣湯加減方) was the most frequently prescribed. Gwakhyangjeonggi-san gamibang(藿香正氣散加減方) and Damsoeun-tang gagam were the next most frequently prescribed. 69 herbs were used in a total of 13 prescriptions. Herbs were commonly classified as heat-clearing medicine(淸熱藥), exterior-releasing medicine(解表藥), and tonifying and replenishing medicine(補益藥) in descending order. The herbs used more than 6 times included Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草) (10 times), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), and Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) (6 times). Concurrent therapies were performed except for 1 study, and they were acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, external agents, and cupping therapy. Conclusions : This is the first study to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method for warts in case studies performed in Korea. We hope that this study would give helpful information about the treatment of warts in clinical practices.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of applying a defecation encouragement program for patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty (TKRA). Methods: This program was based on the nursing best practice guideline: prevention of constipation in the older adult population by the National Guideline Clearing House (NGC) in 2011, which included fluid intake, bowel training, and abdominal and pelvic floor exercises. A team of one orthopaedic clinical nurse specialist and six orthopaedic nurses with a 10 years of clinical experience applied and assisted patients with the program. Formal counsel was provided by one orthopaedic doctor, one gastroenterologist, and one exercise therapist. Patients who defecated one day prior to or on the day of TKRA surgery were included. Data collected from 72 subjects were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: Time until first defecation after surgery was 2.4±1.1 days in experimental group, which was significantly shorter than the 3.5±0.9 days in control group (t=4.28, p<.001). Constipation assessment scale showed significantly lower points (t=2.55, p=.013) in experimental group (1.3±1.2) compared to control group (2.6±2.6). The experimental group and control group were 17.3±7.67 and 23.7±14.43, respectively, and the experimental group used less laxatives (t=2.83, p=.021). Conclusion: A defecation encouragement program was proved to be an appropriate nursing intervention for patients undergoing TKRA. This study confirmed that constipation is a nursing problem that can be sufficiently prevented if nurses are interested and encourage defecation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-244
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• 1997

Clinical observation was done on 290 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1996. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds : cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebr진 infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension, and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The frequency of strokes seems to have no relation to the season. 7. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 8. The course of entering hospital, most patients visited this hospital as soon as CVA occurred. And the half of patient visited this hospital within 2 days after CVA attack. 9. In the cases of patients who were unconscious at the admission, the prognosis was worse than that of the alert patients. 10. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 11. The average duration of hospitalization was 27.4 days, and in case of cerebral hemorrhage the duration was prolonged. 12. The average time to start physical therapy was 13.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 19.9th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 13. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction and so on. 15. At the time of entering hospital, in most cases the blood pressure was high, but blood pressure was well controlled at the time of discharge. 16. Generally reported, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found in cerebral infarction. But in this study, they were found more frequently in cerebral hemorrhage than in infarction. 17, In the most cases, western and oriental medical treatments were given simultaneously. 18. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of KI(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. And in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing KI(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2013

PURPOSES : This study aims to investigate the snow-melt effects of an underground electric heater's snow-melt system via a field performance test, for evaluating the suitability of the system for use on a concrete pavement. The study also investigates the effectiveness of dynamic measures for clearing snow after snowfall events. METHODS : In order to check the field applicability, in November 2010, specimens were prepared from materials used for constructing concrete pavements, and underground electric heating meshes (HOT-mesh) were buried at depths of 50 mm and 100 mm at the site of the Incheon International Airport Construction Research Institute. Further, an automatic heating control system, including a motion sensor and pavement-temperature-controlled sensor, were installed at the site; the former sensor was intended for determining snow-melt effects of the heating control system for different snowfall intensities. Pavement snow-melt effects on snowy days from December 2010 to January 2011 were examined by managing the electric heating meshes and the heating control system. In addition, data on pavement temperature changes resulting from the use of the heating meshes and heating control system and on the dependence of the correlation between the outdoor air temperature and the time taken for the required temperature rise on the depth of the heating meshes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS : The effects of the heating control system's preheat temperature and the hot meshes buried at depths of 50 mm and 100 mm on the melting of snow for snowfalls of different intensities have been verified. From the study of the time taken for the specimen's surface temperature to increase from the preheat temperature ($0^{\circ}C$) to the reference temperature ($5{\sim}8^{\circ}C$) for different snowfall intensities, the correlation between the burial depth and outdoor air temperature has been determined to be as follows: Time=15.10+1.141Depth-6.465Temp CONCLUSIONS : The following measures are suggested. For the effective use of the electric heating mesh, it should be located under a slab it may be put to practical use by positioning it under a slab. From the management aspect, the heating control system should be adjusted according to weather conditions, that is, the snowfall intensity.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 1999

유입폐수의 $BOD_5$가 1차연못에서 88%가 제거되고 있어 Pit의 $BOD_5$ 제거효율이 60%에 달할 것으로 예측된다. 메탄발효 Pit의 환경조건으로 용존산소가 없고, 혐기성 및 중성 pH가 유지되어야 하며, 충분한 체류시간이 확보되어야 하고, 온도변화가 적어야 한다. 분석결과 실험 메탄발효 Pit는 이런 조건들을 만족시키고 있어 Pit설계가 적절함을 알 수 있다. 실험결과 메탄발효 Pit의 설계인자로 폐수체류 기간이 2day, 월류유속은 $1.5m^3m^{-2}day^{-1}$가 적합하며, Pit바닥의 수심은 슬러지층의 온도와 밀접한 관계가 있어 3-3.5m 정도가 적합한 것으로 사료된다. Pit 바닥의 슬러지층 온도가 $16^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 유지되어야 메탈발효가 원활히 일어난다. 우리나라 중부지방과 기후조건이 유사한 지역에 위치한 연못시스템 연구에 의하면, 연못바닥의 온도가 메탄박테리아 활동이 거의 정지하는 $14^{\circ}C$ 이하로 내려가는 기간이 약 7개월이 된다. 온대권의 연못시스템은 연간 슬러지 침전량이 분해량보다 많아 어느 정도 슬러지가 쌓이게 된다. 따라서 여분의 30㎝ 수심을 두어 10-20년에 한번 슬러지를 제거하도록 설계한다. 실험 연못시스템이 설치된 장소는 중부지방보다 평균기온이 약 $3-4^{\circ}C$ 높은 지역으로 연못바닥 지하 1.5m에 위치한 Pit의 수온이 14℃이하가 되는 기간이 Fig.5에서 약 6개월이 된다. 실험 메탄발효 Pit는 좁은 면적의 연못에 설치하기 위해 콘크리트구조로 만들었으나, 1차연못의 규모가 크면 토공만으로 Pit설치가 가능하며 비용이 적게 든다. Pit에서 발생한 가스가 연못상층으로 이용하면서 $CO_2$가 해리되어 정제된 메탄을 회수할 수 있다. 메탄발생이 왕성한 기간에 연못상층에서 포집한 가스는 거의 메탄으로만 구성되어 있어 축산폐수를 처리하면서 메탄가스를 회수하여 연료로 사용하는 것이 가능하다. 메탄발효 Pit가 생태적으로 적응하면 초기보다 처리효율이 증가할 것으로 기대되어 지속적인 실험을 수행할 예정이다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1979

옛날에는 인력(人力)으로 수로(水路)를 만들었으나 기계(機械)의 발달(發達) 및 임금(賃金)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 기계화(機械化) 시공(施工)이 경제적(經濟的)으로 유리(有利)하게 되었으며 앞으로 이런 현상은 더욱 가속(加速)될 것이다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공(機械施工)은 굴착, 정리(整理), 포장(鋪裝)으로 나누어지며 굴착은 수로(水路)의 단면(斷面)을 대략적인 형태(形態)로 만드는 것이고 정리(整理)는 포장(鋪裝)을 할수 있게 .수로(水路)의 사면(斜面)과 바닥을 정확한 모양으로 다듬는 것이다. 정리(整理)의 정밀도(精密度)에 따라 포장용(鋪裝用) 재료(材料)의 양(量)이 크게 좌우(左右)된다. 자동정리기(自動整理機)는 종래의 것이 $20{\sim}40mm$의 표면(表面) 요철(凹凸)이 생기게 하나 현재(現在)는 ${\pm}6mm$의 정도(程度)까지 가능(可能)하다. 현재(現在)의 자동기계(自動機械)는 1인(人)의 운전원(運轉員)이 1일(日) $1,000{\sim}2,000m^3$까지 굴착 정리(整理)를 할수 있다. 콘크리트 포장(鋪裝)은 인력(人力)비빔으로 할때 1일(日) $2m^3/day$의 양(量)도 어렵고 로타리 믹서를 써도 $20m^3/day$ 정도(程度)이나 콘크리트 뱃치 푸랜트로 하면 $100{\sim}500m^3\day$가 가능하다. 그러나 대형(大型) 포장기(鋪裝機)를 사용(使用)하면 1일(日) 대형(大型) 수로(水路) $300{\sim}1,000m$를 포장(鋪裝)할수 있다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공(機械施工)은 콘크리트 포장(鋪裝) 두께를 균일(均一)하게 하므로써 콘크리트 비용(費用)을 최대(最大)로 절감(節減)하며 포장(鋪裝)의 품질(品質)을 좋게한다. 수로(水路)의 기계시공외(機械施工外)에도 많은 새로운 기계(機械)들이 사용(使用)되고 있으며 이러한 기계(機械)의 활용(活用)이 기술발전(技術發展)에 크게 기여하게 될 것이다.

• 아동간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 아동간호학회 1997년도 정기총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.61-74
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• 1997

Endotracheal suctioning is a routine procedure used for clearing secretions from the airway of the intubated infant. This procedure is not without complications. Endotracheal suctioning has been associated with decreases in $PaO_2$, decreases in systemic venous oxygenation, alterations in mean arterial Pressure, disturbances in cardiac rhythm and development of nosocomial pneumonia. So several endotracheal suctioning techniques have been developed to prevent these blown complications. Another method of Endotracheal suctioning eliminates the risk associated with disconnecting the infant from the ventilatior to perform the suctioning procedure. Studies examining closed endotracheal suctioning methods reported that the closed method results in less arterial oxygen saturation, and less systemic venous oxygen desaturation. However those studies have focused on adult patients, and there have been no published studies for newborn infants. The specific purpose of this study is to investigate the two methods and to make a comparison in terms of (1)variations in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate appeared before and after the endotracheal suctioning; (2)difference in occurrence of nosocomial infection; (3)difference in recovery time to arrive at pre-suction baseline after suctioning and in nursing time taken for the suctioning. The present study is based on the data obtained from two groups of newborn infants : one group comprises 8 infants with closed suctioning (a total of 304 suctions) among 17 infants treated with ventilator and the other group 9 infants with open method (a total of 629 suctions). The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program package. As the distribution test on dependent variables with the Skewnesser Shapiro Wilk test showed an asymmetric distribution, the Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Singled- Ranks test was used for the test of variations in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate appeared before and after the endotracheal suctioning. The difference in $SaO_2$ recovery time and nursing time was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The difference in physiologic consequences and occurrence of nosocomial infection between the two groups was analyzed with the Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study are summarized as follows. For the hypothesis 1 (There would be a difference in $SaO_2$, heart rate, and respiration rate before and after suctioning between the two suctioning methods), the difference in $SaO_2$ turns out to be statistically significant (P=0.015), but heart rate and respiration rate do not procedure a notable difference (P=0.630). The hypothesis 2 (There would be a difference in rates at which a complication arises after suctioning between the two groups) does not prove to be statistically valid (P=0.246). For the hypothesis 3(There would be a difference in $SaO_2$ recovery time and nursing time between the two groups), the average $SaO_2$ recovery time after suctioning turned out to have somewhat significant difference (P=0.064), however the difference in nursing time taken for the suctioning was not statistically significant (P=0.610). The analyses indicate that the closed endotracheal suctioning is more efficient as compared with the open method, in maintaining pre-suction baseline $SaO_2$ and a rapid recovery of newborn infants. Based on these results we suggust to apply the closed method to newborn infants in the ventilation treatment. We also suggest to extend the investigation to include the comparison of suction cost taking into account the case in which a complication arises after endotracheal suctioning between the two groups.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2012

본 연구는 우리나라 플라스틱온실 피복재의 피복방법 및 관리방법을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 구명하는데 필요한 자료를 제공하기 위하여 상업용으로 운영되고 있는 대표적인 구조 및 피복형태의 온실에 대하여 겨울철 온실 내부의 광합성유효광량자속을 측정하고 변화를 분석하였으며 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일일적산 광합성유효광량자속의 월중 변화를 분석한 결과 모든 온실에 있어서 광량변화의 경향이 일조시간의 변화 경향과 대체로 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났으나, 온실 간에 일일적산 광량의 차이는 상당히 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 겨울철에는 모든 온실이 토마토 생육에 필요한 적정 광량에 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 월평균 일일적산 광합성유효광량자속의 연중변화를 분석한 결과 실험온실 모두 투과광량을 높이기 위하여 겨울철에도 내부피복재를 대부분 개방하였기 때문에 내부피복재의 오염으로 인한 광투과율의 저하는 미미하였으며 주로 외부피복재의 오염으로 인해 투과광량이 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. PO필름으로 피복된 단동온실의 광 투과 성능이 매우 우수하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 피복재를 더 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 피복재의 교체시기를 겨울철광량이 부족한 시기가 시작되기 전인 10월 또는 11월경으로 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다. 온실간 광량의 차이가 최대 40%정도까지 나기 때문에 투과광량이 낮은 온실은 즉시 피복재를 교체하여 광투과율을 높이는 것이 경제적일 것으로 판단되었다. 온실의 투과광량 감소요인을 분석한 결과 투과광량을 감소시키는 내부요인은 보온커튼, 내부피복재, 결로받이 등인 것으로 분석되었다. 광폭형 단동온실의 경우에는 비교적 넓은 온실 폭의 중앙에 보온커튼과 내부피복재를 걷어 두고 있기 때문에 온실 전체 폭에 비해 걷혀 있는 보온커튼과 내부피복재의 폭이 비교적 작아 다른 온실에 비해 광 손실이 상대적으로 적을 것으로 분석되었다. 종합적으로 비교해 볼 때 광폭형 단동온실이 광 투과 측면에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났고 내부피복재를 중앙에서 권취하여 개방하는 형태의 온실이 가장 바람직하지 못한 것으로 분석되었다.