• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2015

Gaze induction characteristics in space vary depending on characteristics of spatial components and display. This study analyzed dominant eye-fixation characteristics of three zones of department store space. Eye-fixation characteristics depending on spatial components and positional relationship can be defined as follows. First, [**.jpg] was used as an extension in the process of storing the image photographed during image data processing for analysis in pixels and due to compressed storage of image data, the image produced with a clear boundary was stored in neutral colors. To remove this problem, the image used in operation was re-processed in black and white and stored in the [**.bmp] format with large capability, at the same time. As the result, the effort caused by unnecessary colors in the program operation process was corrected. Second, the gaze ratio to space area can be indicated as a strength of each gaze zone and when analyzing the gaze strength of the three zones, the left store was a zone with a "little strong" gaze strength of "102.8", the middle space was a zone with an "extremely weak" gaze strength of "89.6" and the right store was a zone with an "extremely strong" gaze strength of "117.2". Third, the IV section had a strong strength of gaze on the middle space and the right store and the V section showed a markedly strong strength of gaze on the left and right stores. This tendency was the same as the VI section with the strongest gaze strength and the right store had a little strong gaze strength than the left store.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 기존의 암반 이완하중 산정 방법을 비교 분석하고, 보다 정확한 2-arch 터널 라이닝 설계를 위해 굴착으로 인해 발생하는 터널 주변의 이완영역을 보다 체계적으로 산정하는 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 터널 굴착 후 국부 안전율이 재분포된 응력으로부터 계산되었으며, 국부 안전율이 2.0 또는 3.0에 해당하는 영역을 이완영역으로 가정하여 이완하중고가 산정되었다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법은 터널의 형상 및 지반조건에 영향을 받지 않고 이완하중고를 구할 수 있는 방법으로, 국부안전율이라는 비교적 명확한 기준에 의해 이완하중고가 산정되기 때문에, 콘크리트 라이닝 설계 시 설계자의 주관에 따라 결정되는 단점을 극복할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Diel change in urea decomposition activity of epiphytic algae on Phragmites stems and phytoplankton in a shallow littoral reed zone in the south basin of Lake Biwa was investigated with an in situ technique using $^{14}C$-labelled urea. The daily rates of urea decomposition (sum of urea carbon incorporation rate and $CO_2$ liberation rate) by epiphytic and planktonic algae were calculated as 180 ${\mu}$ mole urea surface shoot area $m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and 210 ${\mu}$ mole urea $m^{-3}\;day^{-1}$. The chlorophyll a specific urea decomposition rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 4.7 to 6.4 and 4.4 to 6.2 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}$ incubation $time^{-1}$ in daytime and 4.2 to 5.7 and 2.4 to 3.5 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}\;time^{-1}$ in nighttime, respectively. High values were obtained during 12:00 ${\sim}$ 18:00 and low values during 00:00 ${\sim}$ 06:00 for both epiphytic and planktonic algal communities. A clear diel periodicity in the urea decomposing activity of the planktonic algae was observed. The activity of the epiphytic algae, on the other hand, showed no destinctive variation during a day. The present results indicate that epiphytic algae are one of the significant urea decomposers in a reed zone, and that the diel patterns are quite difference between both algal communities.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the formation mechanisms of imperfections such as irregular humps, outer cavity and inner cavity in the laser fusion zone of diamond saw blade. Laser beam welding was conducted to join two parts of blade; mild steel shank and Fe-Co-Ni sintered tip. The variables were beam power and travel speed. The microstructure and elements distributions of specimens were analyzed with SEM, AES, EPMA and so on. It was found that these imperfections were responded to heat input. Irregular humps were reduced in 10.4∼l7.6kJ/m heat input range. However there were no clear evidences, which could explain the relations between humps formation and heat input. The number of outer cavity and inner cavity decreased as heat input was increased. Considering both possible defects formations mechanisms, it could be thought that outer cavity was caused by insufficient refill of keyhole, which was from rapid solidification of molten metal and fast molten metal flow to the rear keyhole wall at low heat input. More inner cavities were found near the interface of the fusion zone and sintered segment and in the bottom of the fusion zone. Inner cavity was mainly formed in the upper fusion zone at high heat input whereas was in the bottom at low heat input. Inner cavity was from trapping of coarsened preexist pores in the sintered tip and metal vapor due to rapid solidification of molten metal before the bubbles escaped.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1990

수평방향의 조화진동을 받는 말뚝주변의 지반특성에 관한 각종 계수들의 효과를 연구하였다. 그리고 비선형 해석을 위하여 말뚝주변의 흙을 성질이 같은 여러개의 동심고리 모양으로 나누어 지반반력 또는 흙의 강성을 계산하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 강성의 실수와 허수부분은 무차원 주파수가 증가함에 따라 전단 계수비, 포아슨비, 그리고 외부영역까지의 거리의 비에 대하여 큰 변화를 나타냈고 그 차이는 강성의 허수부분에 더 현저하게 나타났다. 2) 흙의 강성의 외부영역까지의 거리가 증가할수록 현저하게 감소하였는데 강성의 실수부분은 주파수가 작을수록 크게 나타났다. 반면에 허수부분은 작게 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the production of biosurfactant by the indigenous bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. HK-3, originating from oil-spilled areas. The relationship between total biosurfactant production and the factors affecting biosurfactant production were evaluated by statistical analysis using SPSS software. The effects of various supplemental carbon sources (e.g., glucose, dextrose, mannitol, citrate, acetate) on the maximal production of biosurfactant by the test culture of Pseudoalteromonas sp. HK-3 was then evaluated. As a result, mannitol was found in this study to be the best supplemental carbon source for the production of biosurfactant. A spot inoculation of crude cultural liquid containing the HK-3 cells generated the largest clear zone, whereas only small clear zones appeared around the spots inoculated with either supernatant only or cell pellets following centrifugation. Our results demonstrated that the HK-3 test culture supplemented with 2% mannitol at an initial pH of 6 generated the maximal amount of biosurfactant within 72 h of incubation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2004

A kindergarten requires an approach to meet the nature and sense of children who is main users. This study selected 33 private kindergartens which were located within a housing site development zone in Gwangju since the 1990's, had single use, and was constructed in the last five years. Also the image assessment according to types of color scheme was made. Then the factors which affected preference by type were analyzed and the basic of color scheme in a kindergarten classroom was provided. The following results were obtained. First, types of color scheme in a classroom included identity 12.1%, similarity 51.5%, and novelty 36.4% in harmony, but no contrast and achromatic color, Secondly, the assessment of preference according to each type was mostly positive. The highest preference was found in similarity harmony of warm color(e.g. YR, Y) and bright, clear, nice, and strong images were high in assessment. The lowest preference was found in identity harmony of cold color(e.g. GY). This color system had no clear image assessment, except manly or strong. In particular, warm color showed higher preference than cold color in similarity, novelty, and identity harmony. Thirdly, the factors affecting the preference of color scheme in a classroom most were ‘stable - unstable’, ‘clean - dirty’, ‘bright - dark’, ‘nice - not nice’, and ‘vital - dull’.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

In this study, we observed air temperature to make clear that land coverage condition and stand form has a certain relationship to air temperature during the night in various green space. And with revolution analysis, we interpreted relationship of air temperature distribution in the green space, The way of analysis is this land coverage rate and air temperature, of number of tree volume of tree air temperature. With this experimental result, we can propose green plan, which is taking into consideration lower effect of air temperature. In this result, lower zone is formed in forest and water area, higher zone is formed in paved surface and barren ground. but this gap is a little. arbor+subarbor area, in the point of water area surrounded stand is formed relative lower air temperature. As a result to make up efficiency lower air temperature area, it is needed to make water area which has surrounded forest, and it is needed to make stand form lower air temperature 2~3 layer forest. In order of arbor, subarbor, shrub, the lower air temperature is more effect.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

Root nodule formation is controlled by plant hormones such as auxin. Auxin-repressed protein (ARP) genes have been identified in various plant species but their functions are not clear. We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone (EuNOD-ARP1) showing high sequence homology to previously identified ARP genes from root nodules of Elaeagnus umbellata. Genomic Southern hybridization showed that there are at least four ARP-related genes in the genome of E. umbellata. The cDNA clone encodes a polypeptide of 120 amino acid residues with no signal peptide or organelle-targeting signals, indicating that it is a cytosolic protein. Its cytosolic location was confirmed using Arabidopsis protoplasts expressing a EuNOD-ARP1:smGFP fusion protein. Northern hybridization showed that EuNOD-ARP1 expression was higher in root nodules than in leaves or uninoculated roots. Unlike the ARP genes of strawberry and black locust, which are negatively regulated by exogenous auxin, EuNOD-ARP1 expression is induced by auxin in leaf tissue of E. umbellata. In situ hybridization revealed that EuNOD-ARP1 is mainly expressed in the fixation zone of root nodules.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.714-719
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• 2002

In The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the general yield brittle fractures were observed in beam-column connections of steel building frames. Among many influencing factors which affect the general yield brittle fracture, it can be considered that fracture toughness has substantial effects. Some studies are making clear the required toughness for the base metal and the weld metal, but general values are not proposed. Moreover, it seems that it is also important to pay attention to the toughness decrease in the weld heat affected zone (weld HAZ), because the toughness decrease occurs in the HAZs of mild steel. In this paper, the relationship between toughness of simulated HAZs of "the rolled steels for building structures (SN)" and the weld heat-input limit of the SN steel are investigated, in an attempt to provide the required toughness for HAZs. The relationships between the increase of the hardness value and toughness, and changes of microstructure after weld heat-input are also discussed. The main results are summarized as follows. 1) The SN400B can keep its toughness at higher heat-inputs compare to the SN490Bs. 2) The steel grade, which becomes harder than other steel grades at the same heat-input, has smaller absorbed energy and smaller limit of heat-input. 3) The weld heat-input limit of the SN400B and the SN490B are proposed separately for some required toughness values.