• 영어영문학
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2011

Despite the ubiquity of love in the work of Sarah Kane, the theme has been overshadowed by the violence that characterizes her early plays. This essay differentiates Kane from her contemporary "in-yer-face" playwrights, arguing that violence in Kane operates as a means of securing love. Antonin Artaud's concept of cruelty, often (mis)understood in a physical sense alone, provides a clue to the nature of Kane's violence and its relation to love. The essay focuses on Cleansed and Crave, both written in 1998, one about love's redemptive possibility, the other about its pure impossibility. What makes Cleansed hopeful is its violence that works as love's obstacle, creating the illusion that once it is removed love would be possible. The absence of violence in Crave on the contrary lays the illusion of love bare, making it Kane's most despairing play. Kane's oeuvre draws a trajectory of love from hope to despair; as a whole it stages the impossibility of love. To love the other requires the relinquishing of the self, making love logically impossible by depriving the verb of its subject. Love, if possible, would offer the bliss of unity, tearing out the constraint of the Symbolic Order. Kane's only alternative is death, as is expressed in Crave and 4.48 Psychosis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.144-147
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• 1986

무기-Hg을 용해시킨 용액에 생선을 침지(浸漬), 인공적으로 오염(汚染)시켜 흐르는 수도물에 시간별로 수세하고 또 농도별의 초산용액에 침지(浸漬)한 후의 Hg 함량(含量) 변화를 살펴본 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. Hg처리를 하지 않은 시판 도루묵의 Hg함량(含量)은 건물중(乾物重)으로 0.027ppm, 정어리는 0.020ppm이었다. 2. 1ppm $HgCl_2$ 용액에 24시간 침지(浸漬)한 후 유수(流水)에서의 수세 시간별 Hg함량(含量) 변화를 보면 도루묵은 9분동안 씻은 것이 Hg함량(含量)이 가장 낮았으며 수세하지 않은 침지구(浸漬區)에 비해 약 25% 잔존하였다. 정어리는 3분동안 수세한 것이 가장 함량이 낮았으며 침지구(浸漬區)에 비해 약 77% 잔존하였다. 3. 농도별 초산용액에 처리한 시료의 Hg함량(含量)변화는 도루묵의 경우 3% 초산용액에 처리한 것이 가장 잔존량이 적었으며 1분간 수세한 구(區)에 비해 약 64% 감소하였다. 정어리는 1% 초산용액에 처리한 것이 가장 잔존량이 적었으며 1분 수세한 구(區)에 비해 약 16% 감소하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2012

PURPOSE. To evaluate the shear bond strength of resin luting agent to dentin surfaces cleansed with different agents like pumice, ultrasonic scaler with chlorhexidine gluconate, EDTA and the influence of these cleansing methods on wetting properties of the dentin by Axisymmetric drop Shape Analysis - Contact Diameter technique (ADSA-CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty coronal portions of human third molar were prepared until dentin was exposed. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Provisional restorations made with autopolymerizing resin were luted to dentin surface with zinc oxide eugenol in Group A and with freegenol cement in Group B. All specimens were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hrs and provisional cements were mechanically removed with explorer and rinsed with water and cleansed using various methods (Control-air-water spray, Pumice prophylaxis, Ultrasonic scaler with 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, 17% EDTA). Contact angle measurements were performed to assess wettability of various cleansing agents using the ADSA-CD technique. Bond strength of a resin luting agent bonded to the cleansed surface was assessed using Instron testing machine and the mode of failure noted. SEM was done to assess the surface cleanliness. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey HSD tests (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Specimens treated with EDTA showed the highest shear bond strength and the lowest contact angle for both groups. SEM showed that EDTA was the most effective solution to remove the smear layer. Also, mode of failure seen was predominantly cohesive for both EDTA and pumice prophylaxis. CONCLUSION. EDTA was the most effective dentin cleansing agent among the compared groups.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2004

One of the best way to prevent dental caries and periodontal disease is removing dental plaque. Toothbrushing is also one of the crucial ways to gel rid of dental plaque and improve dental hygiene. The purpose of th is study was to examine how many bacteria were attached to toothbrushes used by dental palque acidogenecity and related behaviors to toothbrush use. Subjects in this study were 30 college students in their twenties, on whom a survey was conducted to find out how they cleansed their toothbrushes, how long they cleaned toothbrushes after brushing, and how to keep them. And then dental palque acidogenecity by caries activity test was implemented and the number of bacteria attached to their toothbrushes was tested. The findings of the study were as follows : 1. Concerning correlations between dental palque acidogenecity and the number of remaining bacteria in the toothbrushes used by students, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students with no caries activity than in the group with mild caries activity. 2. As for relations between the way of cleansing toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, there was no statistically significant gap between the group of students who wetted their toothbrushes with water and rubbed the heads of them and the group of students who just only wetted their toothbrushes with no further actions. 3. Regarding the relationship of toothbrush cleansing time to the number of bacteria, the number of bacteria was lower in the group of students who cleansed their toothbrushes for 15 seconds or more. 4. As to the influence of the number of toothbrush used by students, there was no significant difference between the group using just one toothbrush and the other group using two or more toothbrushes. 5. As for correlations between the way of keeping toothbrushes and the number of bacteria, no significant gap existed between the group thai kept their toothbrushes separately and the other that didn't.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2013

PURPOSE. This study was aimed to determine the effect of two chemically distinct denture cleansers and water on the surface hardness of acrylic and silicone based soft denture liners at various time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commonly used commercial resilient liner material were selected based on their chemical composition (silicone- and acrylic-based soft liners) for this investigation. 120 cylindrical specimens were made of $15mm{\times}10mm$ dimensions (according to ASTM: D-2240-64T) in a custom made metal mold. All specimens were stored in artificial saliva throughout the study. Forty specimens were cleansed daily in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; forty were cleansed in sodium perborate and remaining forty specimens were daily rinsed in water. Testing was done at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months for surface hardness using a Shore A Durometer. A mean of 3 reading for each sample was subjected to one-way ANOVA, Post Hoc test and pair-t test for statistical analysis. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. Surface hardness of all the samples was significantly higher after a period of 6 months irrespective of the cleansing treatment. Minor changes were observed between control, sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate groups with time. Greater change was observed in surface hardness of acrylic-based soft denture liners as compared to silicone-based soft liners for all groups, as time progressed. CONCLUSION. Silicone-based soft denture liners performed significantly better in all cleansing treatments than acrylic-based soft denture liners.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.2368-2373
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• 1994

The advancement of the mechanical properties of metal materials caused by a recent high technology contributes to the stability and productivity of mechanical structures. However, the advanced mechanical properties depends on the conditions of crystal boundaries and the improvement of the texture. Although the tensile strength and a hardness of a steel would be increased by the adding B, it seems to be a marked decreases of the toughness which caused in the weaken workability. This study is concerned with a characteristics of the B compound which will be mixed with $H_3BO_3$ and the metallic magnesium. What affected in the mechanical property and texture is checked by the strength and the texture test. As a result, it is shown that the improvement of the mechanical property and the texture homogeneity. In addition, it seems that a molten metal which is added by the B compound is deoxized and cleansed.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구는 아이메이크업에 침지된 소프트콘택트렌즈의 가시광선투과도와 표면 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 눈 화장에 사용되는 4가지 종류의 아이메이크업에 침지된 시간에 따라 etafilcon A(이하 HEMA를 기초로 한 하이드로겔 제품)렌즈와 lotrafilcon B(이하 실리콘을 기초로 한 하이드로겔 제품)렌즈의 가시광선투과도 변화를 알아보았다. 1주일간 지속적으로 아이메이크업에 침지된 렌즈를 다목적용액(MPS)을 이용한 세척 후 가시광선 투과도 및 표면 변화를 알아보았다. 결과: 각각의 렌즈를 아이메이크업에 침지시켰을 때 30분 후의 가시광선 투과도는 평균 93.4%(HEMA를 기초로 한 하이드로겔 제품), 90.0%(실리콘을 기초로 한 하이드로겔 제품)로 각각의 대조군의 가시광선투과도(97.8%, 96.4%)와 비교하여 감소하였다. 1주일간 지속적으로 가루 아이섀도우와 마스카라에 침지된 렌즈는 모두 세척 후에도 부착된 아이메이크업 잔여물이 완전하게 제거 되지 않았다. 특히, silicone 계열의 렌즈에서 잔여물이 많은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 감소된 가시광선 투과도 및 주사전자현미경을 통한 표면 결과로 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 아이메이크업에 침지된 콘택트렌즈의 경우 렌즈의 소재와 아이메이크업의 소재에 따라 일반적인 세척방법으로는 아이메이크업이 제거되지 않았고 이는 렌즈 표면의 변화와 렌즈의 가시광선 투과도 저하로 나타났다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2009

We employed atmospheric plasma to reactively remove the lubricant sprayed onto such industrial electronic parts as LCD chassis during sheet-metal forming processes and investigated basically the effect of plasma parameters on cleansing the surfaces of zinc-electroplated steel plates (EGI). Specimen prepared with some controlled amount of lubricant sprayed on their surfaces beforehand were subjected to two different kinds of atmospheric plasma, one being generated by using air and the other generated by using nitrogen (99.9% purity). Locating the plasma beams at the height range between 3.5 and 13.5 mm from the surface of each specimen and radiating for 5 to 30 seconds resulted out that the cases with a position of 3.5 mm and a duration of 5 seconds or longer showed the surfaces completely cleansed without a trace of lubricant. Furthermore we found out that the plasma generated by using simple air depicted higher cleansing ability than the other one generated by using expensive nitrogen, interestingly useful very much for industrial purposes. On another aspect, we confirmed that the drilled or cut surfaces of Zn-plated steel substrate would not be oxidized even under the influence of plasma during its cleansing process. Therefore, we could probably conclude from this fore-survey that a dry process adopting atmospheric plasma for cleansing industrial parts might be determined to become successful in terms of commercialization, cautiously.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2013

Objectives: This study evaluated the antibacterial effect and mechanical properties of composite resins ($L_{CR}$, $M_{CR}$, $H_{CR}$) incorporating chitosan with three different molecular weights (L, Low; M, Medium; H, High). Materials and Methods: Streptococcus (S). mutans 100 mL and each chitosan powder were inoculated in sterilized 10 mL Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) solution, and was centrifuged for 12 hr. Absorbance of the supernatent was measured at $OD_{660}$ to estimate the antibacterial activities of chitosan. After S. mutans was inoculated in the disc shaped chitosan-containing composite resins, the disc was cleansed with BHI and diluted with serial dilution method. S. mutans was spread on Mitis-salivarius bacitracin agar. After then, colony forming unit (CFU) was measured to verify the inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm. To ascertain the effect on the mechanical properties of composite resin, 3-point bending and Vickers hardness tests were done after 1 and 3 wk water storage, respectively. Using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe test, statistical analysis was done with 95% significance level. Results: All chitosan powder showed inhibition effect against S. mutans. CFU number in chitosan-containing composite resins was smaller than that of control resin without chitosan. The chitosan containing composite resins did not show any significant difference in flexural strength and Vickers hardness in comparison with the control resin. However, the composite resin, $M_{CR}$ showed a slightly decreased flexural strength and the maximum load than those of control and the other composite resins $H_{CR}$ and $L_{CR}$. Conclusions: $L_{CR}$ and $H_{CR}$ would be recommended as a feasible antibacterial restorative due to its antibacterial nature and mechanical properties.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2008

Purpose: For a proper wound care, the correct evaluation of wound is very important. Usually the evaluation of wound was subjective, and as a result, wound care was empirical. There were many attempts to objectify the wound evaluation, and one of them was measurement of the wound pH. The purpose of this study is to observe the wound pH changes during wound healing phase. Methods: From 2005 to 2007, we measured the pH values of 6 acute wounds, which were split thickness skin graft donor sites. In addition, we measured the pH values of 18 chronic wounds, which were 17 pressure sores and 1 tuberculosis ulcer. After pH meter ($SkinCheck1^{(R)}$, Hanna Instruments, Italy) was calibrated, wound pH was checked. Wound was cleansed with saline gauze and dressed with polyurethane foam dressing($Medifoam^{(R)}$, Biopol, Korea). Results: In split thickness skin graft donor sites, the pH raised(mean pH value: $7.45{\rightarrow}7.62$) when the wound was on the process of healing(*p=0.027, analysis of Wilcoxon signed-rank test). If wound became re-epithelialised, the pH value dropped to that of normal skin. However, we could not find a relation between time and the pH values in chronic wound. Conclusion: We could observe the consistent wound pH changes during wound healing phase in acute wound.