• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.412-421
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• 2012

The yerba mate that grows in the subtropical forests of South America is an evergreen tree within the Aquifoliaceae family. The yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) tea is habitually used as a drink in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. A wild mate tree needs about 25 years to fully grow to 15 a height of meters; however, they only grow to a height of 3-5 meters when cultivated. The leaves are 7-11 cm long and 3-5cm wide with a serrated margin. Yerba mate tea-based beverages are made from the leaves and stems of the mate tree. It is known that they contain a rich content of antioxidants and polyphenol, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and colorants. Dyeing properties of a mate plant in the silk, wool, linen and cotton fabrics were investigated. Constituents of colorant of mate tea are chlorophyll and carotinoid; in addition, it has more minerals such as (Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Zn, and Cu) than green tea. Mate tea colorants showed good affinity to silk and wool fabrics. It was found that the optimum condition for dyeing was 30 minutes for dyeing time, 7 for pH of dyebath, and at a dyeing temperature of $80^{\circ}C$. The maximum absorbance wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of silk and wool fabrics dyed with mate tea were at 420-440nm; however, that of linen and cotton fabrics were at 400nm. K/S values of fabrics dyed under optimum conditions were 1.979 for silk fabrics, 1.541 for wool fabrics, 0.551 for linens and 0.465 for cotton fabrics. Munsell hue values of dyed fabrics measured 3.1Y-6.4GY for silk, 1.4Y-8.3Y for wool, 5.5Y-3.7GY for linen, and 5.3Y-1.3GY for cotton. All dyed fabrics showed hues in-between greenish yellow and greenyellow. Colorfastness to rubbing, perspiration and dry-cleaning of dyed fabrics with mate tea were very good; however, the grades of colorfastness to washing of dyed linen and cotton fabrics were poor, and colorfastness to light were poor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7205-7210
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• 2015

Background: In this study, influence caused by expression plasmids of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on mRNA expression of CTGF,TIMP-1,procol-${\alpha}1$ and PCIII in hepatic tissue with hepatic fibrosis, a precancerous condition, in rats is analyzed. Materials and Methods: To screen and construct shRNA expression plasimid which effectively interferes RNA targets of CTGF and TIMP-1 in rats. 50 cleaning Wistar male rats are allocated randomly at 5 different groups after precancerous fibrosis models and then injection of shRNA expression plasimids. Plasmid psiRNA-GFP-Com (CTGF and TIMP-1 included), psiRNA-GFP-CTGF, psiRNA-GFP-TIMP-1 and psiRNA-DUO-GFPzeo of blank plasmid are injected at group A, B, C and D, respectively, and as model control group that none plasimid is injected at group E. In 2 weeks after last injection, to hepatic tissue at different groups, protein expression of CTGF, TIMP-1, procol-${\alpha}1$ and PC III is tested by immunohistochemical method and,mRNA expression of CTGF,TIMP-1,procol-${\alpha}1$ and PCIII is measured by real-time PCR. One-way ANOVA is used to comparison between-groups. Results: Compared with model group, there is no obvious difference of mRNA expression among CTGF,TIMP-1,procol-${\alpha}1$, PC III and of protein expression among CTGF, TIMP-1, procol-${\alpha}1$, PC III in hepatic tissue at group injected with blank plasmid. Expression quantity of mRNA of CTGF, TIMP-1, procol-${\alpha}1$ and PCIII at group A, B and C decreases, protein expression of CTGF, TIMP-1, procol-${\alpha}1$, PC III in hepatic tissue is lower, where the inhibition of combination RNA interference group (group A) on procol-${\alpha}1$ mRNA transcription and procol-${\alpha}1$ protein expression is superior to that of single interference group (group B and C) (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions: RNA interference on CTGF and/or TIMP-1 is obviously a inhibiting factor for mRNA and protein expression of CTGF, TIMP-1, procol-${\alpha}1$ and PCIII. Combination RNA interference on genes of CTGF and TIMP-1 is superior to that of single RNA interference, and this could be a contribution for prevention of precancerous condition.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 심리적 요인에 대한 감수성이 높은 여성의 불안 및 우울증상과 치주질환의 관련성을 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 우리나라를 대표하는 국민건강영양조사 제 5기 1차년도(2010년) 8,958명 중 만 19세 이상 여자 3,551명의 자료를 분석하였다. 인구사회학적 특성 중 연령, 결혼상태, 소득수준, 교육수준, 경제활동 유무에 따라 불안 및 우울증상과 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 구강건강관련 특성 중 당뇨병 유무, 현재 흡연, 고위험 음주에 따라 불안 및 우울증상과 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 일일 칫솔질 횟수에 따라 불안 및 우울증상과 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 치실 및 치간칫솔 사용 여부에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 치실 및 치간칫솔을 사용하지 않는 행태가 치주질환 위험도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14~1.95). 연령, 결혼 상태, 소득수준, 교육수준, 경제활동 유무, 당뇨 유무, 현재 흡연, 고위험 음주, 칫솔질 횟수, 치실 및 치간칫솔 사용 여부를 보정한 결과 불안 및 우울증상이 치주질환을 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04~2.09). 따라서 불안 및 우울증상이 있는 사람이 불안 및 우울증상이 없는 사람에 비해서 치주질환 유병률이 더 높게 나타나 그 위험성이 더 크므로, 치주질환을 더 효율적으로 관리하도록 정기적 치주관리 및 효율적 자가구강건강관리교육의 필요성이 요구된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1999

To evaluate the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride in a powder form when used concomitantly with a commercial flouride containing tooth paste on inhibition of plaque formation, on gingivitis, and on irritation of oral mucosa, a double--blind, randomized parallel study was set up. Cetylpyridinium chloride was incorporated into a ligh brown colored powder with menthol added for scent. There were no diffemces between the active agent and the placebo which did not contain cetylpyridinium chloride in appearance, color, smell, taste, or dispenser. 98 healthy volunteers were assigned to one of two groups: brushing 3 times a day with flouride toothpaste and cetylpyridinium chloride powder, or brushing 3 times a day with flouride toothpaste and placebo. Before the test period, the subjects received through tooth cleaning and polishing. At basteline, GI, PI, BOP, and GCF of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in the experimental and placebo groups including 58 and 42 subjects repectively, After 4 weeks, GI, PI, BOP, GCF, compliance, irritation of the oral mucosa(redness, pus drainage, edema) and adverse reactions were measured. The PI, GI, and BOP of the experimental group recorded at baseline are 0.19${\pm}$0.19, 0.42${\pm}$0.31, and 0.08${\pm}$0.15. These scores showed significant decrease after 4 weeks of test period(0.11${\pm}$0.15, 0.22${\pm}$0.24, 0.02${\pm}$0.09 repectively at the end of the study) and inhibition of plaque accumulation and resolution of gingival inflammation could be observed. GCF shoed slight increase but this was not statistically different. Comparison of changes in measured scores of control and experimental groupshow GI, PI of the test indices have decreased. Test group showed significantly greater decrease in gingivitis and plaque accumulation after 4 weeks. GCF and BOP also showed greater decrease thant the control group but this difference was not statistically significant. At no time of the study period did any of the subjects show signs of irritation of the oral mucosa or adverse reactions. Following conclusions could be obtained from this study. The combined use of cetl powder and flouride toothpaste showed greater inhibition of plaque accumulation and greater decrease of gingivitis than use of flouride toothpaste with placebo agent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2005

Today, the role of kindergarten is more important as nutrition provider through snack and meal services. Desirable kinds and amounts of food items at school lunch menu were important factors of nutrients intakes in children. This study was performed to assess the kindergarten's meal service program (snack and lunch) and the consumption amount of lunch according to each dishes. Twenty four institutions that cared over one hundred children were observed at Seoul and Kyunggido area. Well-trained observers checked meal and snack serving activity and foodservice facilities by formal checklist. And using the weighing method assessed the consumption levels of food items at lunch. During 3 days, 30 children in each kindergarten were selected randomly according to age, observers measured serving and residual weight of each food. The data was compiles by performing ANOVA-test using SPSS WIN 10.0. The result were as follows: 1) Foodservice facilities in kindergarten was limited to provide qualified foodservice. $91.7\%$ of institution had kitchen, $41.7\%$ had dinning. The kitchen equipment possession rate was $12.5\%$ (oven), $30.8\%$ (heating cabinet), $58.3\%$ (refrigerator). The rate of using document about foodservice was used $83.3\%$ (menu list), $41.7\%$ (daily foodservice record), $25\%$ (standard recipe). $41.7\%$ of institution employed licensed dietitian. Only $41.7\%$ of subjects preserved meal after daily meal service. 2) Meal serving size was decided by teacher, $54.5\%$ at snack and $43\%$ at lunch and pre-divided individual portion type was $36.4\%$ at snack and $28.6\%$ at lunch. The rate of cleaning activity before meal was $72.2\%$ at snack, $90.5\%$ at lunch. And nutrition or sanitation education activity was more performed at lunch time, for examples brushing teeth activity was $12.5\%$ at snack $85.7\%$ at lunch. 3) The consumption amounts of plain cooked rice was $112.7{\pm}26.1{\cal}g$, cooked rice and cereal was $93.06{\pm}27.97{\cal}g$, curry rice was $208.35{\pm}64.84{\cal}g$ and the consumption amounts of these main dishes was significantly different by age (p < 0.001). The consumption amounts of soup was very different according to children's preference. The consumption amounts of seaweed soup was $120.18{\pm}82.13{\cal}g$, wild sesame and bean-paste soup was $40.64{\pm}23.16{\cal}g$. The consumption range of kimchis was from $6{\cal}g\;to\;13{\cal}g$, jorim (braised food) was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;25{\cal}g$, fried food (include stir fried, deep fat fried, pan fried) was from $14.5{\cal}g\;to\;22{\cal}g$, vegetable dish was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;16{\cal}g$. These consumption amount of each dishes was not reached recommended portion size of nutritionally planning menu by nutritionist.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.153-173
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• 2002

본 연구는 의복 구매시 소비자들에게 영향을 주는 의류점포의 서비스 품질, 의복평가 기준과 위험지각의 관계를 살펴보고, 이러한 관련변수들이 의복충동구매행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써 의류제품을 다루는 마케터나 리테일러들에게 소비자 행동을 파악하는데 도움을 주어 차별적 경쟁우위 수단으로 활용할 수 있도록 하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 결과, 의복을 구매할 때 소비자가 지각하는 의류점포의 서비스 품질과 의복평가 기준은 구매와 관련된 위험지각과 부분적으로 관련이 있었다. 또한 의복충동구매행동에 대한 의류점포 서비스 품질, 의복평가기준 및 위험지각의 영향을 살펴본 결과, 위험지각요인 중 소비자들이 의류제품의 봉제상태가 나빠지지 않을까, 세탁/관리하기에는 불편함이 없을까 등의 관리적 위험과 다른 옷과의 조화나 비슷한 제품을 더 싼값에 살 수 있지 않을까 등의 성과적 위험, 그리고 점포분위기나 실내장식 등의 시설서비스가 의복충동구매행동에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.433-447
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect a chewable tablet containing sodium flouride and lauroyl sodium sulfate on removing plaque and inhibiting gingival inflammation. A randomized parallel study was designed. 100 voluteers participated in the study. There were two test groups each with 30 subject. Test group A was instructed to brush once in the morning, and to use the tablet once in the afternoon and once in the evening. Test group B was instructed to use the tablet three times a day without brushing. There were two control groups each with 20 subjects. Control group A was instructed to brush once in the morning only. Control group B was instructed not to brush all. Two weeks before the test period, the subjects received through tooth cleaning and polishing. At baseline, GI, PI, BOP, and GCF of the Ramfjord teeth were measured in all groups. Bacteria culture was done with the plaque sampled from tooth with the deepest pocket. After 5 days, clinical indices were measured and the bacterial culture was repeated. Control group B was dropped from the study after this period. All the other groups remained and the indices and the culture was repeated after 2 weeks, and 3weeks. Also whether the oral mucosa showed signs of irritation was monitored throughout the test period. Test group A showed less PI, GI, BOP, probing depth, GCF than test group B or control group A. Especially, PI and the BOP was significantly less than that of the group that was instructed to brush once a day. This implies that the added use of this tablet aids in plaque removal in people who brush just once a day. Test group A showed increase of cocci, decrease of motile rods, and decrease of spirochetes after 14-21 days. And this was significantly different from the control group A. At no time of the test period did any of the subjects show signs of irritation of the oral mucosa or adverse reactions. Following conclusions could be obtained from this study. This chewable tablet for enhanced oral hygiene could be used as an adjunct to oral hygiene in people who do not brush adequately. The use of this tablet decreased the number of subgingival bacteria, and this could be effective in plaque removal and for prevention of gingival inflammation.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.939-942
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• 2007

Vacuum cleaner is a close life product that can remove various dusts from our surroundings. However well vacuum cleaner clean our environments, many people are looking away from it, due to its loud noise. Its noise causes a big trouble in the usual life, for example, catch calls, TV watching and discussing etc. To reduce these inconveniences, noise reduction methods and systematic design of low noise vacuum cleaner are studied in this paper. At first, sound quality investigation is performed to get the noise level and quality that make people TV watching and catch calls available. Based on the European and domestic customer SQ survey result, sound power, peak noise level and target sound spectrum guideline are studied and introduced. As a second, precise product sound spectrums are designed into each part based on the sound quality result. Fan-motor, brush, mainbody, cyclone spectrums are decided to get the final target sound based on the contribution level. Fan-motor is the major noise source of vacuum cleaner. Specially, its peak sound, RPM peak and BPF Peak, cause the people nervous. To reduce these peak sounds, high rotating impeller and diffuser are focused due to its interaction. A lot of experimental and numerical tests, operation points are investigated and optimization of flow path area between diffusers is performed. As a bagless device, cyclones are one of the major noise sources of vacuum cleaner. To reduce its noise, previous research is used and adopted well. Brush is the most difficult part to reduce noise. Its noise sources are all comes from aero-acoustic phenomena. Numerical analysis helps the understanding of flow structure and pattern, and a lot of experimental test are performed to reduce the noise. Gaps between the carpet and brush are optimized and flow paths are re-designed to lower the noise. Reduction is performed with keeping the cleaning efficiency and handling power together and much reduction of noise is acquired. With all above parts, main-body design is studied. To do a systematic design, configuration design developments technique is introduced from airplane design and evolved with each component design. As a first configuration, fan-motor installation position is investigated and 10 configuration ideas are developed and tested. As a second step, reduced size and compressed configuration candidates are tested and evaluated by a lot of major factor. Noise, power, mass production availability, size, flow path are evaluated together. If noise reduction configuration results in other performance degrade, the noise reduction configuration is ineffective. As a third configuration, cyclones are introduced and the size is reduced one more time and fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh configuration are evolved with size and design image with noise and other performance indexes. Finally we can get a overall much noise level reduction configuration. All above investigations are adopted into vacuum cleaner design and final customer satisfaction tests in Europe are performed. 1st grade sound quality and lowest noise level of bagless vacuum cleaner are achieved.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2014

This study examined the treatment characteristics of hard-to-degrade pollutants such as TCE which are found in organic solvent and cleaning wastewater by nZVI that have excellent oxidation and reduction characteristics. In addition, this study tried to find out the degradation characteristics of TCE by Fenton-like process, in which $H_2O_2$ is dosed additionally. In this study, different ratios of nZVI and $H_2O_2$, such as 1.0 mM : 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM : 1.0 mM, and 1.0 mM : 2.0 mM were used. When 1.0 mM of nZVI was dosed with 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, the removal efficiency of TOC was the highest and the first order rate constant was also the highest. When 1mM of nZVI was dosed with 0.5 mM of $H_2O_2$, the first order rate constant and removal efficiency were the lowest. The size of first order rate constant and removal efficiency was in the order of nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 1.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 2.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 0.5 mM > $H_2O_2$ 1.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM. It is estimated that when 1.0 mM of nZVI is dosed with 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, $Fe^{2+}$ ion generated by nZVI and $H_2O_2$ react in the stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1, thus the first order rate constant and removal efficiency are the highest. And when 1.0 mM of nZVI is dosed with 2.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, excessive $H_2O_2$ work as a scavenger of OH radicals and excessive $H_2O_2$ reduce $Fe^{3+}$ into $Fe^{2+}$. As for the removal efficiency of TOC in TCE by simultaneous dose and sequential dose of nZVI and $H_2O_2$, sequential dose showed higher first order reaction rate and removal efficiency than simultaneous dose. It is estimated that when nZVI is dosed 30 minutes in advance, pre-treatment occurs and nanoscale $Fe^0$ is oxidized to $Fe^{2+}$ and TCE is pre-reduced and becomes easier to degrade. When $H_2O_2$ is dosed at this time, OH radicals are generated and degrade TCE actively.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.174-186
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• 1996

This study was carried out in order to understand the plan, design, constructing and actual condition of management of modernized horticultural facilities in Kyungpook Province which had been constructed from 1992 to 1995 funded by Government support. The aim of this study is to provide reference data for success of the forth project. It was performed by making up a question about driving of project and management condition of equipment after constructing. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. 73.5% of facilities horticulture farmhouse recognized that the prospect of greenhouse is bright, but 92.5% of the farmhouse also recognised that they need technical consultation on protected horticulture farming. Therefore, technical educations would must be enhanced about foundation of greenhouse and cultivation technique. 2. The holding times of explanatory meetings, cause of understanding to farmhouse, were one or two times in greenhouse construction, and 62.5% of the farmhouse expressed the insufficiency at the explanation and educational data. For this reason, it was judged that the construction contract had been delayed more than 5 months in 49.3% of the farmhouse after the decision of project budget. 3. In constructing after a contract, the rates of construction delay is 53.4% and defect occurrence is 41.1%. The biggest reasons of construction delay was insufficiency of worker and materials supply. Each percentage is 29.1%. And the reason of defect occurrence is badness of machinery equipment(62.9% ). 4. In management of greenhouse, a pipe-constructed plastic film greenhouse changes plastic film every one and three years because of sticking dust on plastic film. It was needed to about in cleaning technique of coverings. Because that used 3-5 years only half of the expected life span. 5. The order of broken rating in the subsidiary equipment is like this lollop ventilator (42.8%), a general control system(33.3%) especially, in the case of a general control system, the rate of all family can control is 52.7%. so, it is time to develop easy control equipment which every one could use as soon as possible. 6. When choose heat generator as decide capacity, the most priority is the mount of heat generator the percent is 45.5% heat generator and as decide model, the private purchase's percent is 77.3%. It is higher than a public bidding heat generator the percent is 22.7% heat generator when it compare with a public bidding. In the case of $CO_2$ generator, using rate is only 19.0%. The using rate is very low, so it needs education how to use depends on the way of the subsidiary equipment. 7. In the case of seedlings, it is asked to use factory-processed seedling effectively. because it's difficult to get security of labors(58.8%), hoped crops (55.9%) access same crops(29.4%) much more and changing of crops depends on market situation. that is the main reason the lack of knowhow.